| Surname Nihongo: | 松永 |
| Province Of Origin: | Mikawa |
| Parent House: | Fujiwara clan |
| Titles: | Daimyō |
| Founder: | Matsunaga Hisahide - Yamato Matsunaga clan |
| Founding Year: | 16th century |
| Dissolution: | 1577 with the suicide of Matsunaga Hisahide |
is a Japanese Samurai Clan who are descended from the Fujiwara clan.[1] [2]
The lineage of Matsunaga Danjo Hisahide strengthens the Matsunaga clan's claim to Fujiwara lineage through Hisahide's nephew, Tadatoshi Naito (also known as Naito Joan and Fujiwara John). Tadatoshi Naito's mother was Naito Sadafusa who was from the Naito clan. The Naito clan is descended from Fujiwara no Hidesato (Hokke (Fujiwara)). Tadatoshi Naito would serve as lord of Yagi castle.[3]
Hisahide's granddaughter, Matsunaga Teitoku also strengthened the Matsunaga clan's link to the Fujiwara clan. Her mother was the older sister of Fujiwara Seika (藤原惺窩). Teitoku's cousin was Tadatoshi Naito.[4]
Other sources suggest that the Matsunaga clan descended from the Minamoto clan and via Takenouchi no Sukune, himself a descendant of Emperor Kogen. Sukune called himself Matsunaga Ki, after Matsunaga no sho, the domain of Onyu, in Wakasa Province. This means the Matsunaga clan is descended from the Ki clan, one of the noble clans.[5]
It was a powerful clan in the Mikawa Province. Matsunaga Heiza'emon (松平平左衛門) served Matsudaira Kiyoyasu (松平清康), who was the 7th head of the Matsudaira clan and grandfather of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Heiza'emon's son, Genzo (源藏) served Ieyasu which can be seen in Kansei Choshu Shokafu (genealogies of vassals in Edo Bakufu).[1] The Matsunagas in this clan used the tsuta mon (ivy) as their family crest.
Descendants of this clan continued to serve the Tokugawa Bakufu. Other Japanese people, who used the Matsunaga name but were not samurai retainers, originated from this area. Some emigrated to Hawaii, United States and Brazil in the late 1800s.
The Matsunaga clan that follows the lineage of Matsunaga Danjo Hisahide (松永弾正久秀) is the most famous in Japan. Hisahida was the daimyō of the Yamato Province during the Sengoku period. He was born in the year 1508[6] and shares the same roots with the Fujiwara clan as the Matsunaga clan in the Mikawa Province. They both used the same tsuta-mon (ivy) as their family crest. In Japan, when people think of the Matsunaga clan, it is usually Hisahide they are referring to.
Hisahide served as the main retainer for Miyoshi Nagayoshi of the Miyoshi clan in the Yamato Province.[7] He also served as retainer briefly for the Oda clan. Together with Hojo Soun and Saito Dosan, they became known as Japan's three greatest villains.[8]
Hisahide's actual title was Danjo Shohitsu which was positioned under the vice minister of Danjo with the Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.[1] He would become the daimyō of the Yamato Province.
Hisahide later committed seppuku after Oda Nobunaga besieged him at Shigisan Castle in 1577. Both of his sons, Kojiro and Hisamichi, also committed seppuku during the siege. Hisahide's two sons held hostage by Nobunaga in Kyoto were ordered to be executed as well.[9]
Hisamichi, the heir of Hisahide, had a son named Hikobe’e Ichimaru or Kazumaru (彦兵衛一丸). He moved down to Hakata, Chikuzen Province, opened a pawnshop, and became a wealthy merchant. Hikobe's descendants became retainers of the Saga Domain. They include Matsunaga Munetomo (松永宗伴) as a retainer of the Saga Domain and Matsunaga Shouemon (松永所右衛門) as a retainer of Kashima Domain which was a branched domain of the Saga Domain.[1]
There was also another Matsunaga clan that was started by Kuen, a Buddhist monk who claimed himself as a younger brother of Matsunaga Hisahide. Their family crest is the pattern based on Japanese ginger and similar patterns but not the ivy ones (tsuta-mon) which had given from the Ryuzoji clan which was one of the warlords that dominated the area.[1]
Matsunaga Toh, who served as the and the 79th Minister of Education, had Matsunaga family roots in Karatsu, Saga, at the time part of the Saga Domain. The Matsunagas in the Karatsu Domain were not very wealthy but were well known for being model farmers.
The following are some acknowledged descendants of Hisahide:[10]
Other Danjo Hisahide descendants are spread across Saga, Nagasaki, and Fukuoka Prefectures. Some descendants moved from Kyushu to the Saitama Prefecture with others immigrating to the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s.