Matrix-M Explained

Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response.[1] [2] [3] It was patented in 2020 by Novavax[4] and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids.[5] [6] [7] It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats.[8]

Adjuvants increase the body's immune response to a vaccine by creating higher levels of antibodies.[9] They can either enhance, modulate, and/or prolong the body's immune response, reducing the number of vaccinations needed for immunization.[10]

The Matrix-M adjuvant is used in a number of vaccine candidates, including the malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M,[11] influenza vaccines, and in the approved Novavax COVID-19 vaccine.[12] In 2021, the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine candidate showed a 77% efficacy over a 12-month period. In influenza vaccine candidates, Matrix-M was shown to offer cross-protection against multiple strains of influenza.

Novavax is also testing a combined flu and COVID-19 vaccine candidate with Matrix-M.[13]

Notes and References

  1. Datoo. Mehreen S.. Natama. Magloire H.. Somé. Athanase. Traoré. Ousmane. Rouamba. Toussaint. Bellamy. Duncan. Yameogo. Prisca. Valia. Daniel. Tegneri. Moubarak. Ouedraogo. Florence. Soma. Rachidatou. 2021-05-15. Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. English. 397. 10287. 1809–1818. 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00943-0. 8121760. 0140-6736. 33964223.
  2. Magnusson. Sofia E.. Reimer. Jenny M.. Karlsson. Karin H.. Lilja. Lena. Bengtsson. Karin Lövgren. Stertman. Linda. 2013-03-25. Immune enhancing properties of the novel Matrix-M adjuvant leads to potentiated immune responses to an influenza vaccine in mice. Vaccine. en. 31. 13. 1725–1733. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.039. 23384754 . 0264-410X.
  3. Web site: NanoFlu is on the FDA's Vaccine Fast-Track. 2021-10-27. www.precisionvaccinations.com. en-US.
  4. Web site: US Patent for Highly efficient influenza matrix (M1) proteins Patent (Patent # 10,544,399 issued January 28, 2020) - Justia Patents Search . 2022-07-21 . patents.justia.com.
  5. Web site: Satyanarayana . Megha . 2021-08-17 . A new, powerful malaria vaccine may be on the horizon . 2021-10-27 . cen.acs.org.
  6. Web site: 2021-06-17. Is Old Vaccine Technology the Key to Hesitancy?. 2021-10-28. www.medpagetoday.com. en.
  7. Web site: King2021-02-04T14:10:00+00:00. Anthony. Covid vaccination efforts bolstered by trial results from J&J and Novavax. 2021-10-28. Chemistry World. en.
  8. Web site: Milicic. Anita. Adjuvants: the unsung heroes of vaccines. 2021-10-28. The Conversation. 24 March 2021 . en.
  9. Web site: Moths and tree bark: How the Novavax vaccine works. 2021-10-27. www.nebraskamed.com. en.
  10. Bonam. Srinivasa Reddy. Partidos. Charalambos D.. Halmuthur. Sampath Kumar M.. Muller. Sylviane. September 2017. An Overview of Novel Adjuvants Designed for Improving Vaccine Efficacy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 38. 9. 771–793. 10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.002. 1873-3735. 28668223. 205409092 .
  11. Web site: Malaria vaccine becomes first to achieve WHO-specified 75 percent efficacy goal. 2021-10-27. ScienceDaily. en.
  12. Web site: Borrell. Brendan. 2020-10-21. The Tree That Could Help Stop the Pandemic. 2021-10-26. The Atlantic. en.
  13. Web site: Tribble . Sarah Jane . 2021-07-20 . Novavax's effort to vaccinate the world, from zero to not quite warp speed . 2023-04-13 . Quartz . en.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Matrix-M".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.