| Province of Matera | |
| Native Name Lang: | it |
| Settlement Type: | Province |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Italy |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Basilicata |
| Seat Type: | Capital(s) |
| Seat: | Matera |
| Parts Type: | Comuni |
| Parts Style: | para |
| P1: | 31 |
| Leader Title: | President |
| Leader Name: | Pietro Marese |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 3447 |
| Population Total: | 200581 |
| Population As Of: | September 2014 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP |
| Demographics2 Footnotes: | [1] |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Total |
| Demographics2 Info1: | €3.417 billion (2015) |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | €17,004 (2015) |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 75100 |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone prefix |
| Area Code: | 0835 |
| Registration Plate: | MT |
| Blank Name Sec1: | ISTAT |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 077 |
The province of Matera (Italian: provincia di Matera; Materano: Neapolitan: provìngë dë Matàërë) is a province in the Basilicata region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Matera. It has an area of 3447km2 and a total population of 201,133;[2] the city of Matera has a population of 61,204. The province contains 31 comuni (: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Matera). It is bordered by the province of Potenza in the west and south, the region of Calabria also to the south, the region of Apulia to the east and north, and by the Ionian Sea to the southeast.[3]
The history of settlement in the region dates back to the Palaeolithic Period and the first instance of organised settlement was in 251 BCE, when Roman Republic consul Lucius Caecilius Metellus founded the town as Matera.[3] Matera was sacked multiple times; initially by the Franks, then by Roman Emperor Louis II of Italy, and then by invading Muslims during the 10th century. Following this, the town was owned by the Capetian House of Anjou and the Crown of Aragon and was sold multiple times to successive wealthy families.[3]
Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera was briefly leader of the city but was despised by the residents, who saw him as tyrannical and rebelled against him, murdering Tramontano on 29 December 1514.[3] The city Matera was announced to be the capital of ancient district Lucania (Basilicata) in 1663; this status was removed from the city in 1806 and 1860. Under the Fascist rule of Italy, the title of Matera serving as the capital of Basilicata was restored in 1927.[3] The province is known for its history of "cave dwellings" known as sassi.[3]
The main comuni (municipalities) by population are (as of January 2018):
| Commune | Population | |
|---|---|---|
| Matera | 60,432 | |
| Policoro | 17,694 | |
| Pisticci | 17,602 | |
| Bernalda | 12,453 | |
| Montescaglioso | 9,877 |
Montescaglioso hosts the territorial abbacy of Saint Michael the Archangel, which belongs to the Benedictines.