Matacoan languages explained
Matákoan |
Also Known As: | Mataguayo |
Region: | Chaco region |
Familycolor: | American |
Fam1: | Mataco–Guaicuru ? |
Glotto: | mata1289 |
Glottorefname: | Matacoan |
Matacoan (also Mataguayan, Matákoan, Mataguayo, Mataco–Mataguayo, Matacoano, Matacoana) is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.
Family division
Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages. The family also has a clear binary split between Wichí-Chorote and Maká-Nivaclé according to Nikulin (2019).[1] Gordon (2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages.
- Matacoan
- Wichí-Chorote
- Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.)
- Chorote (also known as Chorotí, Yofúaha, Tsoloti)
- Maká-Nivaclé
- Nivaclé (also known as Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.)
- Forest Nivaclé
- River Nivaclé
- Maká (also known as Macá, Maca, Towolhi, Toothle, Nynaka, Mak’á, Enimaca, Enimaga)
- Ma’ká (also known as Towolhi)
- Enimaga (also known as Enimaa, Kochaboth)
Mason (1950)
Internal classification by Mason (1950):[2]
- Mataco-Maca
- Mataco
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Mataco
- Mataguayo
- Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta
- Southern: Vejoz
- Chorotí-Ashluslay
- Chorotí (Yofuaha)
- Ashluslay (Chulupí, Chonopí, Sukin, Sotiagay, Tapieté)
- Macá (Enimagá, Cochaboth, Guaná, Lengua)
- Enimagá
- Guentusé
- Cochaboth-Lengua
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Matacoan languages.[3]
gloss | Choroti | Choropí | Suhín | Sotsiagay | Ashlusláy | Mataco | Vejoz | Nocten | Guisnai | Enimaga | Makká |
---|
head | sétek | satík | shutich | | shatish | nu-xleték | litek | etek | oːn-sleták | | in-hitla |
---|
tooth | sá-hue | huetseːute | tsaute | | seuté | no-tsoté | no-chete | zoté | oːs-totéʔi | | kon-xeti |
---|
water | inát | naːʔate | inaat | inaːat | inát | inót | guag | inat | inát | gualé | iwalü |
---|
fire | houat | itox | itox | itox | itóx | itóx | itag | ütax | etáx | feit | fat |
---|
sun | kilé | nʔkoklái | hankuklai | fünchokʔlaai | fingoklai | xuála | ixuala | ixuala | ixuála | tátla | xunnu |
---|
moon | huelä | xuékla | hiuerkla | xiwekla | huela | ihuälä | iguelach | iguelä | ivaʔedla | | xuwãl |
---|
star | katés | | katés | katéss | katís | katäs | katés | ketes | | | foʔoteki |
---|
dog | nóo | nuuːx | niuʔux | niuʔux | níu | sidnóx | signag | esinax | atsüná | | nunnax |
---|
jaguar | ayä | yaáx | yáox | yáʔox | iyox | haiyüx | yag | eyax | haróx | | kometenax |
---|
black | lämi | klím | klim | | lim | palüx | pelag | | peláx | | fo | |
---|
Proto-language
For a reconstruction of Proto-Mataguayo by Viegas Barros (2002),[4] see the corresponding Spanish article.
Bibliography
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. .
- Fabre, Alain (2005) Los Mataguayo (Online version: http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Mataguayo.pdf)
External links
Notes and References
- Nikulin, Andrey V. 2019. The classification of the languages of the South American Lowlands: State-of-the-art and challenges / Классификация языков востока Южной Америки. Illič-Svityč (Nostratic) Seminar / Ностратический семинар, Higher School of Economics, October 17, 2019.
- Book: Mason, John Alden . John Alden Mason . 1950 . The languages of South America . Julian . Steward . Handbook of South American Indians . 6 . 157–317 . Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 . Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office.
- Book: Loukotka, Čestmír . Čestmír Loukotka . Classification of South American Indian languages . registration . UCLA Latin American Center . 1968 . Los Angeles.
- Viegas Barros, Pedro. 2002. Fonología del Proto-Mataguayo: Las fricativas dorsales. Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.), Current Studies on South American Languages [Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 3], p. 137-148. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS).