| Matachewan 72 | |
| Official Name: | Matachewan Indian Reserve No. 72 |
| Settlement Type: | Indian reserve |
| Pushpin Map: | Canada Ontario |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 200 |
| Coordinates: | 48.0667°N -118°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Timiskaming |
| Subdivision Type3: | First Nation |
| Subdivision Name3: | Matachewan |
| Area Land Km2: | 33.63 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 83 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Density Km2: | 2.5 |
| Website: | www.matachewan firstnation.com |
Matachewan First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve located in the Timiskaming District of Ontario, Canada. The First Nations people of the Matachewan area signed onto Treaty 9 in 1905. As of August, 2024, they had a total registered population of 1037 people, of which 50 people live on their own reserve.
The Nation is governed by the Act Electoral System, in which a Chief and nine Councillors are elected for a two-year term.
They are a signatory to Treaty 9, the First Nation is member of Wabun Tribal Council, a non-political Regional Chiefs Council as well as Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a Tribal Political Organisation representing most all of the First Nations in northern Ontario.
Matachewan First Nation have reserved for themselves one reserve: