Mastigias Explained

Mastigias is a genus of true jellyfish in the family Mastigiidae. It contains seven described species. Members of this genus are found widely in coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific, including saline lakes of Palau (e.g., Jellyfish Lake), but there are also records from the West Atlantic at Florida and Puerto Rico. The West Atlantic records are most likely the result of accidental introductions by humans.[1]

Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species, this genus includes seven species:

Synapomorphies

For reproduction, Mastigias pupua has adopted a mono-mode reproductive strategy that develops only free-swimming buds.[2] Mastigias organisms also are able to produce swimming frustules, a hard and porous cell wall covering diatoms.[3]

Habitat

The genus Mastigias is native to the western and central Indo-Pacific, from Australia to Japan, and Micronesia to the Indian Ocean.[4] However, most Mastigias organisms choose to live in landlocked marine lakes.[5] Behavioral differences among this genus do occur with varying habitats. Marine lake Mastigias' swim slower than their oceanic ancestors.[6] The Mastigias genus may have to adapt to a habitat with warmer temperatures. With growing temperature deviation above the average, organisms within this genus have seen a decrease in population[7] as well as growing mortality rates.[8]

Interactions

Mastigias jellyfish have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae living in host gastrodermal cells where they exhibit phased division.[9] The Mastigias genus of jellyfish symbiotically produce ephyrae only in the presence of Symbiodinium, in a process called strobilation.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Bayha . Keith M. . William M. . Graham . 2011 . First confirmed reports of the rhizostome jellyfish Mastigias (Cnidaria: Rhizostomeae) in the Atlantic basin . Aquatic Invasions . 6 . 3 . 361–6 . 10.3391/ai.2011.6.3.13. free .
  2. Galeano . Gloria . Bernal . Rodrigo . 2013-11-08 . Sabinaria, a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border . Phytotaxa . en . 144 . 2 . 27–44 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.144.2.1 . 1179-3163. free .
  3. Raskoff . Kevin . 2003 . Collection and Culture Techniques for Gelatinous Zooplankton . Biological Bulletin . 204 . 1 . 68–80 . 10.2307/1543497 . 1543497 . 12588746 . 22389317 . JSTOR.
  4. Kramp . P. L. . November 1961 . Synopsis of the Medusae of the World . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom . en . 40 . 7 . 10.1017/S0025315400007347 . 1961JMBUK..40....7K . 0025-3154.
  5. 2005 . Front Matter . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 102 . 26 . 9088 . 3375851 . JSTOR.
  6. Dawson . Michael . 2016 . Island and island-like marine environments . Global Ecology and Biogeography . 25 . 7/8 . 831–846 . 10.1111/geb.12314 . 43871671 . 2016GloEB..25..831D . JSTOR.
  7. Purcell . Jennifer . 2007 . Environmental effects on asexual reproduction rates of the scyphozoan Aurelia labiata . Marine Ecology Progress Series . 348 . 183–196 . 10.3354/meps07056 . 24872030 . free . 2007MEPS..348..183P .
  8. Dawson . Michael . 2005 . Coupled Biophysical Global Ocean Model and Molecular Genetic Analyses Identify Multiple Introductions of Cryptogenic Species . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 102 . 34 . 11968–11973 . 10.1073/pnas.0503811102 . 3376382 . 16103373 . 1189321 . free . 2005PNAS..10211968D .
  9. Fitt . W.K. . 2000 . Cellular Growth of Host and Symbiont in a Cnidarian-Zooxanthellar Symbiosis . Biological Bulletin . 198 . 1 . 110–120 . 10.2307/1542809 . 1542809 . 10707819 . JSTOR.
  10. Farmer . Mark . 2001 . Morphology of the Symbiosis between Corculum cardissa (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Symbiodinium corculorum (Dinophyceae) . Biological Bulletin . 200 . 3 . 336–343 . 10.2307/1543514 . 1543514 . 11441975 . 36707009 . JSTOR.

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