| State: | Massachusetts |
| District Number: | 1 |
| Image Caption: | Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
| Representative: | Richard Neal |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Residence: | Springfield |
| English Area: | 3,101.14 |
| Percent Urban: | 69.21 |
| Percent Rural: | 30.79 |
| Population: | 772,032 |
| Population Year: | 2022 |
| Median Income: | $68,956[1] |
| Percent White: | 69.4 |
| Percent Hispanic: | 18.7 |
| Percent Black: | 5.5 |
| Percent Asian: | 2.2 |
| Percent More Than One Race: | 3.6 |
| Percent Other Race: | 0.6 |
| Percent Blue Collar: | 23.8 |
| Percent White Collar: | 59.7 |
| Percent Gray Collar: | 16.4 |
| Cpvi: | D+9[2] |
Massachusetts's 1st congressional district covers the western portion and the south of the central portion of the state. It is the largest and most sparsely populated district in the state, covering about 30% of the state's land area.[3] The largest cities in the district are Springfield, Chicopee, Pittsfield, Westfield, and Holyoke.
Richard Neal, a Democrat from Springfield, represents the district; he previously represented the old 2nd from 1989 to 2013.
As of the 2021 redistricting, the 1st district contains 83 municipalities:[4]
After the 2010 census, the 1st district shifted from covering the western and north-central portions of the state to covering the western and south-central portions of the state.[5] [6] Following the 2020 census, the 1st district boundaries did not shift as drastically but moved to cover somewhat less of the western portions of Franklin and Hampshire Counties while encompassing more of Worcester and southeastern Hampshire Counties.[7]
| Year | Office | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | President | align=right | Gore 63–35% | |
| 2004 | President | align=right | Kerry 63–35% | |
| 2008 | President | align=right | Obama 64–34% | |
| 2012 | President | align=right | Obama 64–34% | |
| 2016 | President | align=right | Clinton 57–37% | |
| 2020 | President | align=right | Biden 61–36% |
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | District location | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District created March 4, 1789 | ||||||||
Fisher Ames | Pro-Administration | nowrap | March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793 | Elected in 1788. Re-elected in 1790. | 1789–1793 Suffolk County | |||
| nowrap rowspan=4 | General ticket
| Re-elected in 1792 with three others on a general ticket representing the district from Suffolk County. Redistricted to the . | 1793–1795 Suffolk County, Middlesex County, and Essex County | |||||
| align=left | Samuel Dexter | Pro-Administration | Elected in 1792 with three others on a general ticket representing the district from Middlesex County. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | |||||
| align=left | Benjamin Goodhue | Pro-Administration | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1792 with three others on a general ticket representing the district from Essex County. Redistricted to the . | |||||
| align=left | Samuel Holten | Anti-Administration | Elected in 1792 with three others on a general ticket representing the district at-large. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | |||||
| align=left | Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1795 – June 11, 1796 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1794. Resigned to become U.S. Senator. | 1795–1803 "1st Western district" | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | June 1796 – January 27, 1797 | ||||||
Thomson J. Skinner | Democratic-Republican | January 27, 1797 – March 3, 1799 | Elected to finish Sedgwick's term. Re-elected in 1796. Retired. | |||||
| align=left | Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1801 | Elected in 1798. Retired. | |||
| align=left | John Bacon | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803 | Elected in 1800. Retired. | |||
| align=left | William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1802. Lost re-election. | 1803–1813 "Suffolk district" | ||
| align=left | Josiah Quincy III | Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1813 | Elected in 1804. Re-elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Artemas Ward Jr. | Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1817 | Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Retired. | 1813–1823 "Suffolk district" | ||
| align=left | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1817 – May 15, 1820 | Elected August 26, 1817 to Representative-elect James Lloyd's term and seated December 2, 1816.[8] Re-elected in 1818. Resigned to pursue law practice. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | May 15, 1820 – November 6, 1820 | ||||||
| align=left | Benjamin Gorham | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | November 6, 1820 – March 3, 1823 | Elected to finish Mason's term. Also elected to the next term in 1820. Retired. | |||
Daniel Webster | Adams-Clay Federalist | nowrap | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | Elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826, but resigned to become U.S. Senator. | 1823–1833 "Suffolk district" | |||
| Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1825 – May 30, 1827 | ||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | May 30, 1827 – July 23, 1827 | ||||||
| align=left | Benjamin Gorham | Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | July 23, 1827 – March 3, 1831 | Elected to finish Webster's term. Re-elected in 1828. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Nathan Appleton | Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833 | Elected in 1830. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Benjamin Gorham | Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835 | Elected in 1833. | 1833–1843 | ||
| align=left | Abbott Lawrence | Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 | Elected in 1834. Retired. | |||
| align=left | Richard Fletcher | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839 | Elected in 1836. Re-elected in 1838, but declined to serve. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 4, 1839 – November 11, 1839 | ||||||
| align=left | Abbott Lawrence | Whig | nowrap | November 11, 1839 – September 18, 1840 | Elected to finish Fletcher's term. Resigned. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 18, 1840 – November 9, 1840 | ||||||
| align=left | Robert C. Winthrop | Whig | nowrap | November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842 | Elected to finish Lawrence's term. Also elected to the next term in 1840. Resigned. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | May 25, 1842 – June 9, 1842 | ||||||
| align=left | Nathan Appleton | Whig | nowrap | June 9, 1842 – September 28, 1842 | Elected to finish Winthrop's term. Resigned. | |||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 28, 1842 – November 29, 1842 | ||||||
Robert C. Winthrop | Whig | November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850 | Elected to finish Appleton's term. Also elected to the next term in 1842. Re-elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Re-elected in 1848. Resigned to become U.S. Senator. | |||||
| 1843–1853 "City of Boston."[9] | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | July 30, 1850 – August 22, 1850 | ||||||
| align=left | Samuel A. Eliot | Whig | nowrap | August 22, 1850 – March 3, 1851 | Elected to finish Winthrop's term. Retired. | |||
| align=left | William Appleton | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | Elected in 1850. Redistricted to the . | |||
| align=left | Zeno Scudder | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1854 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1852. Retired because of injury. | 1853–1863 | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 4, 1854 – April 17, 1854 | ||||||
| align=left | Thomas D. Eliot | Whig | nowrap | April 17, 1854 – March 3, 1855 | Elected to finish Scudder's term. Retired. | |||
Robert B. Hall | American (Know Nothing) | nowrap | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. | ||||
| Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 | ||||||
Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1869 | [10] | Elected in 1858. Re-elected in 1860. Re-elected in 1862. Re-elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Retired. | ||||
| 1863–1873 "All of Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket counties; the city of New Bedford and towns of Dartmouth and Fairhaven, in Bristol county; the towns of Carver, Kingston, Plymouth, Plympton, Rochester, and Wareham, in Plymouth county."[11] | ||||||||
James Buffinton | Republican | March 4, 1869 – March 7, 1875 | [12] | Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Re-elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. Died. | ||||
| 1873–1883 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 7, 1875 – November 2, 1875 | ||||||
| align=left | William W. Crapo | Republican | nowrap | November 2, 1875 – March 3, 1883 | [13] [14] | Elected to finish Buffinton's term. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Retired. | ||
| align=left | Robert T. Davis | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1889 | Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired. | 1883–1893 | ||
| align=left | Charles S. Randall | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893 | Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Redistricted to the . | |||
| align=left | Ashley B. Wright | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1893 – August 14, 1897 | [15] | Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Died. | 1893–1903 | |
| Vacant | nowrap | August 14, 1897 – November 2, 1897 | ||||||
George P. Lawrence | Republican | November 2, 1897 – March 3, 1913 | [16] [17] | Elected to finish Wright's term. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Retired. | ||||
| 1903–1913 | ||||||||
Allen T. Treadway | Republican | March 4, 1913 – January 3, 1945 | [18] | Elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Retired. | 1913–1933 "Berkshire County. Franklin County: Ashfield, Buckland, Charlemont, Colrain, Conway, Greenfield, Hawley, Heath, Leyden, Monroe, Rowe, Shelburne. Hampshire County: Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Huntington, Middlefield, Plainfield, Southampton, Westhampton, Worthington. Hampden County: Holyoke, Blandford, Chester, Granville, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, Tolland, and Westfield."[19] | |||
| 1933–1943 | ||||||||
| 1943–1953 | ||||||||
John W. Heselton | Republican | January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1959 | Elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Retired. | |||||
| 1953–1963 "Berkshire County. Franklin County Hamdpen County: Holyoke, Westfield, Blandford, Chester, Granville, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, and Tolland. Hampshire County: Belchertown, Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Huntington, Middlefield, Pelham, Plainfield, Southampton, Westhampton, Williamsburg, Worthington. Worcester County: Athol, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Templeton."[20] | ||||||||
Silvio O. Conte | Republican | January 3, 1959 – February 8, 1991 | Elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Died. | |||||
| 1963–1973 "Berkshire County: North Adams, Pittsfield, Adams, Alford, Becket, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Dalton, Egremont, Florida, Great Barrington, Hancock, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee, Lenox, Monterey, Mount Washington, New Ashford, New Marlborough, Otis, Peru, Richmond, Sandisfield, Savoy, Sheffield, Stockbridge, Tyringham, Washington, West Stockbridge, Williamstown, Windsor. Franklin County: Ashfield, Bernardston, Buckland, Charlemont, Colrain, Conway, Deerfield, Erving, Gill, Greenfield, Hawley, Heath, Leverett, Leyden, Monroe, Montague, New Salem, Northfield, Orange, Rowe, Shelburne, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Warwick, Wendell, Whately. Hampden County: Cities of Holyoke, Westfield, Blandford, Chester, Granville, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, Tolland. Hampshire County: Northampton, Amherst, Chesterfield, Cummington, Easthampton, Goshen, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Middlefield, Pelham, Plainfield, Southampton, Westhampton, Williamsburg, Worthington. Worcester County: Athol, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Templeton."[21] | ||||||||
| 1973–1983 "Berkshire County. Franklin County: All except Orange. Hampden County: Holyoke, Westfield, Agawam, Blandford, Chester, Granville, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, Tolland, West Springfield. Hampshire County: Northampton and all towns."[22] | ||||||||
| 1983–1993 | ||||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | February 8, 1991 – June 18, 1991 | ||||||
John Olver | Democratic | June 18, 1991 – January 3, 2013 | Elected to finish Conte's term. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Retired.[23] | |||||
| 1993–2003 | ||||||||
| 2003–2013 All of Berkshire County and Franklin County as well as the following towns and cities: In Hampden County: Blandford, Chester, Granville, Holyoke, Montgomery, Russell, Southwick, Tolland, Westfield, West Springfield. In Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Chesterfield, Cummington, Easthampton, Goshen, Granby, Hatfield, Huntington, Middlefield, Pelham, Plainfield, Southampton, Ware, Westhampton, Williamsburg, Worthington. In Middlesex County: Ashby, Pepperell, Townsend. In Worcester County: Ashburnham, Athol, Barre, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Hubbardston, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, Oakham, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Sterling, Templeton, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon. | ||||||||
Richard Neal | Democratic | January 3, 2013 – present | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. | 2013–2023 Berkshire County.Hampden County All except Precinct 1A in Palmer. In western Franklin County: Ashfield, Bernardston, Buckland, Charlemont, Colrain, Conway, Hawley, Heath, Leyden, Monroe, Rowe, Shelburne. In western Hampshire County: Chesterfield, Cummington, Easthampton, Goshen, Granby, Huntington, Middlefield, Plainfield, South Hadley, Southampton, Westhampton, Williamsburg, Worthington. In southwestern Worcester County: Brookfield, Charlton, Dudley, East Brookfield, Southbridge, Sturbridge, Warren. | ||||
| 2023–present | ||||||||
