| Mashhad | |
| Settlement Type: | Local council (from 1960) |
| Translit Lang1: | Hebrew |
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | ISO 259 |
| Translit Lang1 Info1: | Mašhad |
| Translit Lang1 Type3: | Also spelled |
| Pushpin Map: | Israel |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 250 |
| Pushpin Label Position: | left |
| Coordinates: | 32.7378°N 35.3256°W |
| Grid Name: | Grid position |
| Grid Position: | 180/238 PAL |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Northern |
| Unit Pref: | dunam |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Name meaning |
| Blank Info Sec1: | "The shrine or place of martyrdom"[1] |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
Mashhad (Hebrew: מַשְׁהַד, Arabic: مشهد, Mash-hed transliteration, martyrium) is an Arab town located 5km (03miles) northeast of Nazareth in Israel's Northern District. In it had a population of, most of whom were Muslims.[2]
Remains from the Early Bronze Age, Persian, Roman and Byzantine eras have been found.[3] [4]
Mashhad is located on the site of Gath-hepher, an ancient Israelite town mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the home of Jonah; its supposed tomb is still pointed out by locals.
Archaeological findings in Mashad include a third-century Aramaic gravestone, indicating Jewish settlement at the site during the Late Roman period, and a stone inscribed with Greek letters now reused in Mashad's mosque.
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers under the name of Mashad Yunis, as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Tabariyya, part of Safad Sanjak. It had a population of 31 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 20% on agricultural products, which included wheat and barley, fruit trees, vegetable and fruit garden, orchard, as well as on goats and/or beehives; a total of 865 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf.[5] [6]
A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as El Mecheb.[7]
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village in the Nazareth district.[8] [9]
In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he estimated had at most 300 inhabitants.[10] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Meshed as "A small village, built of stone, surrounding the traditional tomb of Jonah -a low building surmounted by two white-washed domes. It contains about 300 Moslems, and is situated on the top of a hill, without gardens. The water supply is from cisterns."[11]
A population list from about 1887 showed that el Meshed had about 450 inhabitants; all Muslims.[12]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mashad had a total population of 356, all Muslim,[13] which had increased in the 1931 census to 487; 486 Muslims and 1 Christian, in a total of 111 houses.[14]
In the 1945 statistics the population was 660, all Muslims,[15] with 11,067 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[16] Of this, 378 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 4,663 for cereals,[17] while 24 dunams were built-up land.[18]
Mashhad became a local council in 1960.
. Victor Guérin. Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. 1880. L'Imprimerie Nationale. Paris. French.
. Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Sami Hadawi. 1970. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
. Edward Henry Palmer. 1881. The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
. Harold Rhode. 1979. Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century . Columbia University.
