Maryland's 1st congressional district explained

State:	Maryland
District Number:	1
Image Caption:	Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative:	Andy Harris
Party:	Republican
Residence:	Cambridge
English Area:	3,653.1
Percent Urban:	64.1
Percent Rural:	35.9
Population:	781,695
Population Year:	2022
Median Income:	$87,671^[1]
Percent White:	72.1
Percent Hispanic:	5.6
Percent Black:	14.8
Percent Asian:	2.5
Percent More Than One Race:	4.5
Percent Other Race:	0.6
Cpvi:	R+11^[2]

Maryland's 1st congressional district encompasses the entire Eastern Shore of Maryland, including Salisbury, as well as Harford County and parts of Baltimore County; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 11 counties (in whole or part).

The district is currently represented by Republican Andy Harris, who defeated Democratic incumbent Frank M. Kratovil Jr. in 2010. The district was the subject of a 2014 boycott following legislation Harris introduced nullifying a District of Columbia law de-criminalizing possession of marijuana.^[3] With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+11, it is the only Republican district in Maryland.^[2]

Recent statewide election results

Year	Office	Results
2008	President	McCain 59–38%
2012	President	Romney 60–37%
2016	President	Trump 61–33%
2020	President	Trump 59–39%

List of members representing the district

	Member (residence)	Party	Years	Con- gress	Electoral history	Location
District created March 4, 1789
1	align=left	Michael J. Stone		Anti-Administration	nowrap	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791		Elected in 1789. Lost re-election.	1789–1833 Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's counties in Southern Maryland.
2	align=left	Philip Key		Pro-Administration	nowrap	March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1793		Elected in 1790. Lost re-election.
3	George Dent		Pro-Administration	nowrap	March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795		Elected in 1792. Re-elected in 1794. Re-elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Retired.
3		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1801
4	align=left	John Campbell		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1811		Elected in 1801. Re-elected in 1803. Re-elected in 1804. Re-elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Retired.
5	align=left	Philip Stuart		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1819		Elected in 1810. Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Re-elected in 1816. Retired.
6	align=left	Raphael Neale		Federalist	nowrap	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1825		Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Lost re-election.
7	align=left	Clement Dorsey		Anti-Jacksonian	nowrap	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831		Elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1829. Retired.
8	align=left	Daniel Jenifer		Anti-Jacksonian	nowrap	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833		Elected in 1831.
9	align=left	Littleton Purnell Dennis		Anti-Jacksonian	nowrap	March 4, 1833 – April 14, 1834		Elected in 1833. Died.	1833–1843 Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland
Vacant			nowrap	April 14, 1834 – May 29, 1834
10	align=left	John N. Steele		Anti-Jacksonian	nowrap	May 29, 1834 – March 3, 1837		Elected to finish Dennis's term. Re-elected in 1835.
11	align=left	John Dennis		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841		Elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839.
12	align=left	Isaac D. Jones		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843		Elected in 1841.
13	align=left	John Causin		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845		Elected late in 1844.	1843–1853 Anne Arundel (except for Howard District), Calvert, Charles, Montgomery, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties in Central Maryland and Southern Maryland.
14	align=left	John G. Chapman		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849		Elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847.
15	align=left	Richard Bowie		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853		Elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851.
16	align=left	John R. Franklin		Whig	nowrap	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855		Elected in 1853.	1853–1863 Caroline, Dorchester, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
17	align=left	James A. Stewart		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861		Elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859.
18	align=left	John W. Crisfield		Union	nowrap	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863		Elected in 1861.
19	align=left	John A. J. Creswell		Unconditional Union^[4]	nowrap	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865		Elected in 1863. Lost re-election.^[5]	1863–1873 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
20	align=left	Hiram McCullough		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869		Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866.
21	align=left	Samuel Hambleton		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873		Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870.
22	align=left	Ephraim King Wilson II		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875		Elected in 1872.	1873–1883 Caroline, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
23	align=left	Philip Thomas		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877		Elected in 1874.
24	align=left	Daniel M. Henry		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881		Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878.
25	George W. Covington	Democratic	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1885		Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Retired.
25	1883–1893				Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Retired.
26		align=left	Charles H. Gibson		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891		Elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Retired.
27		align=left	Henry Page		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1891 – September 3, 1892		Elected in 1890. Resigned to become a judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
Vacant			nowrap	September 3, 1892 – November 8, 1892
28		align=left	John B. Brown		Democratic	nowrap	November 8, 1892 – March 3, 1893		Elected to finish Page's term. Retired.
29		align=left	Robert Brattan		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1893 – May 10, 1894		Elected in 1892. Died.	1893–1903
Vacant			nowrap	May 10, 1894 – November 6, 1894
30	align=left	Winder Laird Henry		Democratic	nowrap	November 6, 1894 – March 3, 1895	Elected to finish Brattan's term. Retired.
31	align=left	Joshua W. Miles		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897		Elected in 1894. Lost re-election.
32	align=left	Isaac A. Barber		Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899		Elected in 1896.
33	align=left	John Walter Smith		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1899 – January 12, 1900		Elected in 1898. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
Vacant			nowrap	January 12, 1900 – November 6, 1900
34	align=left	Josiah L. Kerr		Republican	nowrap	November 6, 1900 – March 3, 1901		Elected to finish Smith's term. Retired.
35	William Humphreys Jackson	Republican	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1905		Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Lost re-election.
35	1903–1913 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.				Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Lost re-election.
36		align=left	Thomas A. Smith		Democratic	nowrap	March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907		Elected in 1904. Lost re-election.
37		align=left	William Humphreys Jackson		Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1909		Elected in 1906. Lost re-election.
38		J. Harry Covington	Democratic	March 4, 1909 – September 30, 1914		Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Resigned to practice law in Washington, D.C.
38	1913–1933 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.^[6] ^[7]
Vacant			nowrap	September 30, 1914 – November 3, 1914
39		align=left	Jesse Price		Democratic	nowrap	November 3, 1914 – March 3, 1919		Elected to finish Covington's term. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Lost re-election.
40		align=left	William N. Andrews		Republican	nowrap	March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1921		Elected in 1918. Lost re-election.
41		Thomas Alan Goldsborough	Democratic	March 4, 1921 – April 5, 1939		Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Resigned to become associate justice of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia.
41		1933–1943
Vacant			nowrap	April 5, 1939 – June 8, 1939
42	David Jenkins Ward		Democratic	June 8, 1939 – January 3, 1945		Elected to finish Goldsborough's term. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Lost re-election.
42	1943–1953
43		align=left	Dudley Roe		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947		Elected in 1944. Lost re-election.
44		Edward T. Miller	Republican	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1959		Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Lost re-election.
44	1953–1963
45	1953–1963	align=left	Thomas F. Johnson		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1963		Elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Lost re-election.
46	align=left	Rogers Morton		Republican	nowrap	January 3, 1963 – January 29, 1971		Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Resigned to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior.	1963–1973 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and parts of Baltimore County in Central Maryland.
Vacant			nowrap	January 29, 1971 – May 25, 1971
47	William O. Mills	Republican	May 25, 1971 – May 24, 1973		Elected to finish Morton's term. Re-elected in 1972. Died by suicide.
47	1973–1983 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's counties in Southern Maryland and parts of Baltimore County, Harford County and Baltimore City in Central Maryland.
Vacant			nowrap	May 24, 1973 – August 21, 1973
48		align=left	Robert Bauman		Republican	nowrap	August 21, 1973 – January 3, 1981		Elected to finish Mills's term. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Lost re-election.
49		Roy Dyson	Democratic	January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1991		Elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Lost re-election.
49		1983–1993
50	Wayne Gilchrest	1983–1993	Republican	January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2009		Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Lost renomination.
	1993–2003
	2003–2013 Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and parts of Anne Arundel County in Southern Maryland and Baltimore County in Central Maryland.
51		align=left	Frank Kratovil		Democratic	nowrap	January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011		Elected in 2008. Lost re-election.
52		Andy Harris	Republican	January 3, 2011 – present		Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.
	2013–2023
	2023–present

Recent election results

2020s

References

Web site: List of Federal Representatives of the State of Maryland . Maryland Archives.

38.9°N -76.1°W

Notes and References

Web site: My Congressional District. US Census Bureau. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP). www.census.gov.
Web site: 2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List . The Cook Political Report . July 12, 2022 . October 8, 2022 .
News: Marijuana Is at Center of Feud in Capital . Trip Gabriel. July 13, 2014. July 13, 2014. The NY Times.
Book: Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U. S. Elections . 1985 . Congressional Quarterly . Washington, D. C. . 768 .
Web site: McCullough, Hiram . House Divided . . July 9, 2023 . Opponent of John A.J. Cresswell in the 1864 election for First Congressional District in Maryland .
Book: . Official Congressional Directory, 63rd Congress, 1st Session . Washington, D.C. . Joint Committee on Printing . 43 . 1913. 2027/mdp.39015022758323 .
Book: . Official Congressional Directory, 68th Congress, 1st Session . Washington, D.C. . Joint Committee on Printing . 41 . 1923. 2027/mdp.39015022759040 .