Mary Middlemore Explained

Mary Middlemore (died 1618) was a Courtier and Maid of Honour to Anne of Denmark, subject of poems, and treasure hunter.[1]

Family background

Mary Middlemore was the eldest daughter of Henry Middlemore of Enfield, a groom of the privy chamber to Queen Elizabeth, and Elizabeth Fowkes from Somerset. Henry Middlemore had been sent as a messenger in 1568 to Mary, Queen of Scots at Carlisle Castle and to her half-brother Regent Moray in Scotland.[2]

Mary's brother Robert Middlemore (d. 1629) was an equerry to King James.[3] A monument to Robert and his wife Dorothy Fulstow or Fulstone (d. 1610) can be seen at St Andrews, Church, Enfield.[4]

Career

After her father died, her mother Elizabeth married Sir Vincent Skinner (d. 1616) an ambitious MP.[5]

Middlemore was appointed a Maid of Honour to the queen in December 1603.[6] Her companions were Anne Carey, Mary Gargrave, Elizabeth Roper, Elizabeth Harcourt, and Mary Woodhouse.[7] [8] These positions were established by a household ordinance of 20 July 1603, with places for six maids of honour, a mother of the maids, and four chamberers.[9]

Rowland Whyte mentioned the maids of honour and others dancing at Hampton Court in the presence chamber of Anne of Denmark, with a French visitor, the Count of Vaudémont.[10]

In 1608 her younger sister Elizabeth married Edward Zouche of Bramshill, or perhaps Edward Zouch of Woking, Knight Marshall.[11] She died shortly afterwards and was buried in Westminster Abbey in March 1610.[12] Her brother Robert Middlemore of Thornton married Dorothy Fulstowe who also died in 1610.[13] She was a daughter of Richard Fulstowe a servant of Lord Willoughby.[14]

In 1609, an Italian poet, Antimo Galli published a book of verse, including a description The Masque of Queens performed in 1608. He included a stanza praising Mary Middlemore, with a near anagram of her surname name, "La Bella Dea D'Amore".[15]

Around Christmas time 1609/10, Sir Edward Herbert fought with a Scottish gentleman who had snatched a ribbon or "topknot" from her hair in a back room of the queen's lodgings at Greenwich Palace.[16] [17] Herbert would have followed up by fighting a duel in Hyde Park, but the Privy Council prevented it.[18] John Chamberlain recorded that the Scottish man was an usher to the queen named "Boghvan".[19] Subsequently, Edward Herbert became involved with another lady-in-waiting, Dorothy Bulstrode, and was beaten up by husband, John Eyre.[20]

The identity of "Boghvan" is uncleare. There was a musician recorded as "Jacques Bochan".[21] There was a violin player at court in 1609 called "James Bochan".[22] "Mr Bochan" taught the ladies of Anne of Denmark's household dance steps for masques. Bochan, however, was described as a French violer, attached to the household of Prince Henry from 1608 to 1610.[23] A man called "Baughan" is mentioned in the Lincoln's Inn accounts of the masque The Memorable Masque of the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn in 1613 as a Marshal not a musician, and perhaps he was Anne's Scottish usher.[24]

The queen's secretary William Fowler dedicated poems to her in 1609, possibly for a third-party,[25] including the Meditation upon Virgin Maryes Hatt, and Aetna which includes her name; "My harte as Aetna burnes, and suffers MORE / Paines in my MIDDLE than ever MARY proved", and devised an Italian anagram "Madre di mill'amori", the mother of a thousand loves.[26]

Middlemore was given mourning clothes on the death of Prince Henry in 1612.[27] On 20 August 1613 Anne of Denmark was received at Wells, Somerset, during her progress to Bath. The mayor William Bull hosted a dinner for members of her household including the four maids of honour.[28]

Anna of Denmark had a portrait of Mary Middlemore at Oatlands.[29] [30] In July 1615 she was bought a bay ambling gelding horse to replace her lame grey horse.[31] After Vincent Skinner's death, her mother Elizabeth Foukes seems also to have joined the queen's household.

On 29 April 1617 Middlemore was granted a licence by the king to have workmen seek treasure in Glastonbury Abbey, St Albans Abbey, Bury St Edmunds Abbey, and Romsey Abbey.[32] She died later in the year, and perhaps did not profit from prospecting in the ruins.[33] The gift has sometimes been assumed to be intended for the queen, but it may be connected with the financial ruin and death of her step-father Sir Vincent Skinner, who had been building a country house at Thornton Abbey.[34] Around this time, her mother joined the queen's household.[35]

Mary Middlemore died of consumption on 3 January 1618 at Whitehall Palace and was buried the next day at Westminster Abbey.[36]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Marianna Brockmann, 'Mary Middlemore', in Carole Levin, Anna Riehl Bertolet, Jo Eldridge Carney, A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen (Routledge, 2016).
  2. William Phillimore, Family of Middlemore (London, 1901), p. 244-5.
  3. Linda Levy Peck, Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England (Routledge, London, 1993), p. 69.
  4. Collectanea topographica et genealogica, vol. 7 (London, 1841), p. 357: William Robinson, The History and Antiquities of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, vol. 2 (London, 1823), pp. 46-7.
  5. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/skinner-sir-vincent-1543-1616 'SKINNER, Sir Vincent (1543-1616)', Rosemary Sgroi, The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010
  6. Maurice Lee, Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603-1624 (Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 59.
  7. Linda Levy Peck, Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England (London, 1990), p. 69: Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 3 (London, 1791), p. 228: Eva Griffith, A Jacobean Company and its Playhouse: The Queen's Servants at the Red Bull Theatre (Cambridge, 2013), p. 121.
  8. Nadine Akkerman, 'The Goddess of the Household: The Masquing Politics of Lucy Harington-Russell, Countess of Bedford', The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-waiting across Early Modern Europe (Leiden, 2014), p. 307: See Helen Margaret Payne, 'Aristocratic Women and the Jacobean Court, 1603-1625 ', Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, PhD (2001), p. 280 for lists of the queen's women.
  9. HMC 6th Report: Moray (London, 1877), p. 672.
  10. John Nichols, Progresses of James the First, vol. 2 (London, 1828), pp. 99-100: Michael Brennan, Noel Kinnamon, Margaret Hannay, Letters of Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sidney (Philadelphia, 2013), pp. 566-7.
  11. Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 3 (London, 1838), pp. 250-1.
  12. William Phillimore, Family of Middlemore (London, 1901), p. 246.
  13. William Phillimore, Family of Middlemore (London, 1901), p. 247.
  14. HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. (Dublin, 1906), pp. 232, 242.
  15. Rime di Antimo Galli all' illvstrissima Signora Elizabetta Talbot-Grey (Melchisedech Bradwood, 1609), p. 46.
  16. Christine Jackson, Courtier, Scholar, and Man of the Sword: Lord Herbert of Cherbury and His World (Oxford, 2021), 90.
  17. Allison L. Steenson, The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler (Routledge, 2021), 103.
  18. Edward Herbert, The Life of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury (London, 1826), pp. 108-9.
  19. Norman Egbert McClure, Letters of John Chamberlain, vol. 1 (Philadelphia, 1939), p. 296.
  20. Patricia Fumerton, 'Secret Arts: Elizabethan Miniatures and Sonnets', in Stephen Greenblatt, Representing the Renaissance (Berkeley, 1988), 124.
  21. HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 24 (London, 1976), p. 67.
  22. Andrew Ashbee, Records of English Court Music, 1603-1625, vol. 4 (1991), pp. 23-4.
  23. Andrew Ashbee, Records of English Court Music, 1603-1625, vol. 4 (1991), pp. 23-4, 213-4.
  24. Martin Wiggins & Catherine Richardson, British Drama, 1533-1642: 1609-1616, vol. 6 (Oxford, 2015), p. 284: REED: Lincoln's Inn Black Book 6 1612-14, f.526v
  25. Allison L. Steenson, The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler (Routledge, 2021), 102–110, 202–6.
  26. Sara M. Dunnigan, Eros and Poetry at the Courts of Mary Queen of Scots and James VI (Palgrave: Basingstoke, 2002), p. 208 fn. 6: Alastair Fowler, Literary names: Personal names (Oxford, 2012), p. 84: R. D. S. Jack, The Italian Influence on Scottish Literature (Edinburgh, 1972), p. 76.
  27. https://catalog.folger.edu/record/234783 Folger Shakespeare Library, catalogue X.d.572
  28. John Nichols, Progresses of James the First, vol. 2 (London, 1828), p. 675.
  29. Jemma Field, Anna of Denmark: The Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts (Manchester, 2020), p. 97.
  30. Wendy Hitchmough, 'Setting the Stuart court: placing portraits in the performance of Anglo-Spanish negotiations', Journal of the History of Collections, 32:2 (July 2020), pp. 245-264.
  31. Frederick Madden, Issues of the Exchequer (London, 1836), p. 319.
  32. https://archive.org/details/fderaconventione07ryme/page/n475 Thomas Rymer, Foedera, vol. 7 part 3 (Hague, 1741), pp. 9-11
  33. Francis Young, Edmund: In Search of England's Lost King (London, 2018): Thomas Rymer, Foedera, vol. 18 (London).
  34. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/thornton-abbey-and-gatehouse/history/ 'Thornton Abbey, history' English Heritage
  35. See H. M. Payne, 'Aristocratic Women and the Jacobean Court', Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, PhD 2001, p. 280 noted as "Elizabeth [?Fouke]".
  36. Collectanea topographica et genealogica, vol. 7 (London, 1841), p. 357: Norman Egbert McClure, Letters of John Chamberlain, vol. 2 (Philadelphia, 1939), p. 129: Thomas Birch & Folkestone Williams, Court and Times of James the First, vol. 1 (London, 1848), pp. 418, 456: Joseph Lemuel Chester, Westminster Abbey Registers: Harleian Society, vol. 10 (London, 1869), p. 114: William Phillimore, Family of Middlemore (London, 1901), p. 246.

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