Mary Edmonds Explained

Mary Patricia Edmonds
Birth Date:May 7, 1922[1]
Alma Mater:University of Pennsylvania
Thesis Title:Studies on the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines in growing yeast
Thesis Url:https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/
Thesis Year:1951
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Mary P. Edmonds (May 7, 1922 – April 16, 2005) was an American biochemist who made key discoveries regarding the processing of messenger RNA (mRNA). She spent most of her career at the University of Pittsburgh.

Education and career

Edmonds was born May 7, 1922, in Racine, Wisconsin. She received a bachelor's degree from Milwaukee-Downer College in 1943, a master's degree from Wellesley College in 1945, and a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1951. Following her Ph.D., she was a postdoctoral researcher at University of Illinois (1950-1952) and University of Wisconsin (1952-1955), and then joined Montefiore Hospital in Pittsburgh as a research associate from 1955 until 1965. Starting in 1962 she held appointments at the University of Pittsburgh, initially as adjunct and research professor positions, until she joined the faculty in 1971 and was promoted to professor in 1976.[2] [3]

Edmonds took emeritus status in 1992, and died of complications related to a heart attack on April 16, 2005.

Research

Edmonds was known for her research in mRNA processing, specifically on 3'-end processing and how RNA is spliced. Her research showed that the end of mRNA is a poly-A tail composed of multiple adenosine residues.[4] In her memoirs posted at the National Academy of Sciences, her work discovering the poly-A tails on eukaryotic mRNA[5] and purification of the poly-A polymerase enzyme[6] are described as "landmarks in the field". Edmonds also developed the first method to use the poly-A tail to separate mRNA from other nucleic acids,[7] a protocol which forms the beginning of all modern transcriptomics analysis. In the 1980s, Edmonds showed that poly-A RNA is branched, a stage that arises during processing of hnRNA into mRNA.[8] This research led to the development of antibodies targeting branched RNA.[9]

Selected publications

Awards and accolades

Edmonds was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1991.[1] She was awarded an honorary degree by Lawrence University in 1983, named woman of the year in science by Chatham University in 1986,[10] and received the Chancellor’s Distinguished Research Award Winners from the University of Pittsburg in 1989.[11] After her death, the University of Pittsburg established the Mary P. Edmonds Award given each year to a graduate student in recognition of an "outstanding research paper".[12]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Mary Edmonds. 2021-09-28. www.nasonline.org.
  2. Grabowski. Paula. Peebles. Craig. Milcarek. Christine. 2005. Mary P. Edmonds (1922–2005). RNA. 11. 9. 1331–1332. 1370815. 16211698.
  3. Web site: Belfort. Marlene. Marlene Belfort. Biographical Memoirs: Mary P. Edmonds. 10 May 2019.
  4. Edmonds. Mary. Abrams. Richard. Polynucleotide Biosynthesis: Formation of a Sequence of Adenylate Units from Adenosine Triphosphate by an Enzyme from Thymus Nuclei. Journal of Biological Chemistry. April 1960. 235. 4. 1142–1149. 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69494-3. 0021-9258. free.
  5. Edmonds . M. . Vaughan . M. H. . Nakazato . H. . Polyadenylic Acid Sequences in the Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA and Rapidly-Labeled Polyribosomal RNA of HeLa Cells: Possible Evidence for a Precursor Relationship . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 1 June 1971 . 68 . 6 . 1336–1340 . 10.1073/pnas.68.6.1336. 5288383 . 389184 . 1971PNAS...68.1336E . free .
  6. Winters . Mary Ann . Edmonds . Mary . A Poly(A) Polymerase from Calf Thymus . Journal of Biological Chemistry . July 1973 . 248 . 13 . 4756–4762 . 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43729-0 . 0021-9258. free .
  7. Venkatesan. S.. Nakazato. H.. Edmonds. M.. 1976-08-01. Preparation and properties of a poly A resin and its use in the isolation of naturally occurring poly U sequences. Nucleic Acids Research. en. 3. 8. 1925–1936. 10.1093/nar/3.8.1925. 0305-1048. 343049. 967682.
  8. Wallace. John C.. Edmonds. Mary. 1 February 1983. Polyadenylylated nuclear RNA contains branches. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. en. 80. 4. 950–954. 10.1073/pnas.80.4.950. 6573664. 0027-8424. 393505. 1983PNAS...80..950W . free.
  9. Reilly. J. David. Freeman. Sandra K.. Melhem. Randa F.. Kierzek. Ryszard. Caruthers. Marvin H.. Edmonds. Mary. Munns. Theodore W.. 1990-02-15. Antibodies specific for branched ribonucleic acids. Analytical Biochemistry. en. 185. 1. 125–130. 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90266-C. 1693046. 0003-2697.
  10. Web site: April 28, 2005. University Times » Obituary: Mary P. Edmonds. 2021-09-28. en.
  11. Web site: Chancellor's Distinguished Research Award Winners Office of the Provost University of Pittsburgh. 2021-09-29. www.provost.pitt.edu.
  12. Web site: Mary P. Edmonds Award Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh. 2021-09-28. www.biology.pitt.edu.

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