Mary Dixon Kies Explained

Mary Dixon Kies (March 21, 1752 – 1837) was an American inventor. On May 5, 1809, her patent for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats was signed by President James Madison.[1]

Some sources say she was the first woman to receive a US patent,[2] [3] however other sources cite Hannah Slater in 1793,[4] [5] [6] or Hazel Irwin, who received a patent for a cheese press in 1808,[7] [4] as the first.

Biography

Family life

Mary's father, John Dixon, was a farmer born in 1679 in Ulster, Ireland. Her mother, Janet Kennedy, was John Dixon's third wife. They had married in Voluntown, Connecticut on August 7, 1741.

Mary Dixon was born in Killingly, Connecticut on March 21, 1752. She married Isaac Pike I, and in 1770 they had a son, Isaac Pike II. After his death she married John Kies (1750–1813) who died on August 18, 1813, at age 63. She then lived with her second son, Daniel Kies, in Brooklyn, New York, until her death at age 85 in 1837.[8]

Invention

Because of the Napoleonic Wars, the United States had embargoed all trade with France and Great Britain, creating a need for American-made hats to replace European millinery. The straw-weaving industry filled the gap, with over $500,000 ($9 million in today's money) worth of straw bonnets produced in Massachusetts alone in 1810.[9]

Mary Kies received her patent on May 5, 1809, for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats.[10] [11]

The hats produced with this technique were sturdier than others, because Kies’ method of using silk instead of straws in the seam held the cross-hatching together. Also, the hat-making method she introduced was highly cost-effective; thus, a lot of businesses in the hat-manufacturing market adopted it, after Kies’ patent was burned in the fire of the Patent Office in 1836.[12]

Even though there was an estimated profit of $500,00 (now worth $4.7 million) made from straw hat manufacturing, Kies made very little profit from her sales.[13] [14]

Recognition

Dolley Madison sent a letter praising Kies for her invention.[15]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Mary Kies Became the First Woman to Receive a U.S. Patent . America's Story from America's Library . . May 3, 2018 .
  2. Web site: Meet Mary Kies, America's First Woman to Become a Patent Holder. Blakemore. Erin. August 11, 2016 .
  3. Web site: First Women Inventors History of American Women. www.womenhistoryblog.com. January 3, 2016 . August 10, 2016 .
  4. https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Progress-and-Potential.pdf Progress and Potential: A profile of women inventors on U.S. patents
  5. Web site: Women Inventors History Detectives PBS. www.pbs.org. August 10, 2016.
  6. Web site: 10 Key Dates in Women's History: The Early Modern Period . March 10, 2011 . Britannica Blog. Encyclopædia Britannica . August 10, 2016 .
  7. https://web.archive.org/web/20211013134949id_/https://watermark.silverchair.com/002219500551514.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsowggLGBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggK3MIICswIBADCCAqwGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMRJq_WVoMOLxCLS-5AgEQgIICfcDnyz8GVO2xZ3SBJZQETlEDoyWCwcAocohzYXYNvLb-r4ob_5RZpgaXJBX6mZSfHCowRMmclIa1UqiQD0nLMweMUQlT3BNnIOHMZVBl_-4OiUZQmLjSCnZ6tFcpykhOhyOOI2xexIgJuIvCE8v7d2QylON6ZVYD5jnnZf-T9Y_5HhDD-BxGj8wnrJMcxHyiAh4Xvk2ebrc00cYoQU9FJGgx0UF1rB_ZcDUyElODLmo0CWY0TtQruamBzWrmWjv17hzW9MY477bB4gdsH32k4NtFk9lWyBsan3-WagWwjLAZaWmwISlUIqPY29-LotjZfiJftH2p10umsqGNqpgwFkcbtF-vtDgHwaapTf3LCcYw8RxX6u09C7bdbxwJuBev-XMLNpH28ds6rIe0s_VT_7QmUmLH636WCyxcZID233v3uxZbuNfOQfL2cE4KWXqsMcz5OW4nDX-zRlX-xpsYdAZe9K-uQyiqgLhzgewBuMjlpjhTwnDsQ_guyD3p__Wc7NykXMSORSFok4vVMw-EqfZWhuGSNA_AyKJrfcnaWKdwbkwXfbY5HgjGbPMz9K4fqh89-kJ2xGG1LM9ZuLeannJEVIydADb0ktSUoppGg63ZWs2hadUtiBUdAhaWkSrX6Uj0K5NjVsqQ5qBXtZocfNSF6ja0eCrQREHxl-_c5NYeftPbdOgAgAsPUyjMmyDA3ZJvlUDvqx5XCvC4WyoJ_INf2jcrUlygCAlFTE2uYOJzxRrl-Hef69i8-B-dqHanHjI-qmYNiZeiyXf_4bbRFPWxyjQpj4Sx_yvK1fvrBYF-ErBEDsgMVSAgXWS8toEPotYip368hDz37RUr4jQ “Not for Ornament”: Patenting Activity by Nineteenth-Century Women Inventors”, by B. Zorina Khan, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xxxi:2 (Autumn, 2000), 159–195.
  8. Web site: Mary (Dixon) Kies, America's First Female Patent Holder . May 14, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070427034736/http://www.killinglyhistory.org/jol7/page5.htm . April 27, 2007.
  9. Web site: May 5, 1809: Hats Off to First U.S. Woman Patent-Holder. September 7, 2015 .
  10. Web site: Mary Kies Became the First Woman to Receive a U.S. Patent . America's Story from America's Library . . May 3, 2018 .
  11. News: June 9, 1895 . HER INVENTIVE GENIUS; How Lovely Woman Is on Record in the Patent Office. MRS. MARY KIES HEADS THE LIST IN 1809 A Colored Woman's Patent – A See-Saw Washing Machine – Inventions Useful and Amusing. . en-US . The New York Times . March 15, 2022 . 0362-4331.
  12. Web site: Inventor Monday: Mary Dixon Kies . May 6, 2013 .
  13. Web site: Mary Kies . November 2011 .
  14. Web site: NIHF Inductee Mary Kies Transformed the Hat Making Industry .
  15. Web site: Young and Brave: Girls Changing History . Nwhm.org . May 27, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170505164920/https://www.nwhm.org/html/exhibits/youngandbrave/metcalf.html. May 5, 2017 .

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