Marules Explained

Marules^{[1] [2] [3]} (also spelled Marolos^[4] or Maruli^[5]) was the Byzantine catepan of Italy in 1060/1061. Appointed by the Emperor Constantine X, he arrived in Bari between 1 September 1060 and 31 August 1061,^{[1] [2]} according to the Anonymous Chronicle of Bari.^[6] He was the first catepan appointed after Argyros left Italy in 1058. He had been preceded in 1060 by a merarches, but the latter's offensive against the Normans had peaked before his arrival and he adopted a defensive posture.^[5]

Marules was succeeded by Sirianus,^[5] who arrived in Bari between 1 September 1061 and 31 August 1062.^[1]

Notes and References

1. [Vera von Falkenhausen]
2. André Guillou, "Production and Profits in the Byzantine Province of Italy (Tenth to Eleventh Centuries): An Expanding Society", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 28 (1974), p. 108. .
3. William J. Churchill, The Annales Barenses and the Annales Lupi Protospatharii: Critical Edition and Commentary, PhD dissertation (University of Toronto, 1979), p. 312.
4. [Ferdinand Chalandon]
5. Jules Gay, L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin (New York: Burt Franklin, 1904), p. 526.
6. [Ludovico Antonio Muratori]