Marshalltown, Iowa Explained

Marshalltown, Iowa
Settlement Type:	City
Coordinates:	42.0417°N -92.9144°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	United States
Subdivision Type1:	State
Subdivision Name1:	Iowa
Subdivision Type2:	County
Subdivision Name2:	Marshall
Subdivision Type3:	Township
Established Title:	Founded
Established Date:	1853
Established Title1:	Platted
Established Title2:	Incorporated
Established Date2:	March 5, 1923^[1]
Twin Cities:	Zdolbuniv
Leader Title:	Mayor
Leader Name:	Joel Greer ^[2]
Leader Title1:	City Clerk
Leader Name1:	Alicia Hunter
Area Footnotes:	^[3]
Area Total Sq Mi:	19.22
Area Land Sq Mi:	19.20
Area Water Sq Mi:	0.03
Area Total Km2:	49.79
Area Land Km2:	49.72
Area Water Km2:	0.07
Unit Pref:	Imperial
Elevation Ft:	942
Population As Of:	2020
Population Total:	27591
Population Density Sq Mi:	1437.18
Population Rank:	16th in Iowa
Timezone:	CST
Utc Offset:	-6
Timezone Dst:	CDT
Utc Offset Dst:	-5
Postal Code Type:	ZIP code
Postal Code:	50158
Area Code Type:	Area code
Area Code:	641
Blank Name:	FIPS code
Blank Info:	19-49755
Blank1 Name:	GNIS ID
Blank1 Info:	0458824
Official Name:	City of Marshalltown
Population Density Km2:	554.89

Marshalltown is a city in the U.S. state of Iowa and the seat of Iowa's Marshall County.^[4] With a population of 27,591 at the 2020 census, it is the 16th largest city in the state.^[5] Marshalltown is home to the Iowa Veterans Home and Marshalltown Community College.

History

Henry Anson was the first European settler in what is now called Marshalltown. In April 1851, Anson found what he described as “the prettiest place in Iowa.”^[6] On a high point between the Iowa River and Linn Creek, Anson built a log cabin. A plaque at 112 West Main Street marks the site of the cabin.^[7] In 1853 Anson named the town Marshall, after Marshall, Michigan, a former residence of his.^[8]

The town became Marshalltown in 1862 because another Marshall already existed in Henry County (In 1880, Marshall's name changed to Wayland). With the help of Potawatomi chief Johnny Green, Anson persuaded early settlers to stay in the area. In the mid-1850s, Anson donated land for a county courthouse. Residents donated money for the building's construction. In 1863 the title of county seat transferred from the village of Marietta to Marshalltown. The young town then began growing. By 1900, Marshalltown had 10,000 residents. Many industries began developing in Marshalltown, like Fisher Controls, Lennox International and Marshalltown Company.

Marshalltown plays a small but significant role in the life of Ebe Dolliver, a main character in MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955).

Baseball

Adrian Constantine "Cap" Anson, son of Henry and Jennette Anson, was the first European child born in the new pioneer town and is today known as Marshalltown's “first son.” Adrian became a Major League Baseball player and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939. He was regarded as one of the greatest players of his era and one of the first superstars of the game.^[9]

Baseball steadily became popular as Marshalltown grew in the mid-1800s. Adrian's brother Sturgis also became a talented baseball player and both went to play on intra-school teams at the University of Notre Dame. Both later returned to Marshalltown to play baseball for the town team. Along with their father Henry, the town's founder, they put together a team and became the most prominent team in the state of Iowa.^[10] The Marshalltown team, with Henry Anson at third base, Adrian's brother Sturgis in center field, and Adrian at second base, won the Iowa state championship in 1868. In 1870 Marshalltown played an exhibition game with the talented Rockford Forest Citys. Although Marshalltown lost the game, Rockford's management offered contracts to all three of the Ansons. Adrian accepted the contract, which began his professional career in baseball in 1871.

Baseball continued its popularity in Marshalltown. In the early 1880s Billy Sunday played for the town baseball team.^[11] In 1882, with Sunday in left field, the Marshalltown team defeated the state champion Des Moines team 13–4.^[12] Marshalltown later formed a minor league team naming it after the Anson family, the Marshalltown Ansons. From 1914 to 1928 the team played in the Central Association and Mississippi Valley League.

Natural disasters

Tornado history

On April 23, 1961, the south side of town was hit by an F3 tornado. It damaged numerous structures in the area, causing $1 million (1961 USD) in the town alone. It killed one person and injured 12.^[13] Marshalltown would be hit again on July 19, 2018, when another EF3 tornado with peak winds of 145 mph moved directly through downtown at 4:37 p.m. local time. It destroyed the spire from the top of the courthouse, while heavily damaging or destroying several homes, businesses, and historic downtown buildings. It was on the ground for 23 minutes along a 8.41adj=midNaNadj=mid path of destruction up to 1200yd wide. Although there were no fatalities, 23 people were injured.^[14]

2020 Derecho

See main article: August 2020 Midwest derecho. On August 10, 2020, Marshalltown was hit by a powerful derecho, which caused extensive damage throughout the city. Over a hundred cars parked near a factory had their windows blown out. Reports described 99mph winds, roofs being ripped off, and loose wood debris embedded in the sides of buildings.^{[15] [16] [17]} One week after the storm, nearly 7,000 residents of the city were still waiting for power restoration; 99 percent restoration was achieved on August 23.^{[18] [19]} The damage to public parks in the city and surrounding Marshall County was "extensive", particularly to trees.^[20]

Immigration

Marshalltown's Hispanic population in particular boomed in the 1990s and 2000s with immigrants mostly from Mexico, just like in many other Midwestern towns with meat-packing plants.^[21] Another smaller wave of Burmese refugees later arrived in the 2010s.^[22]

Federal law enforcement have twice raided the Swift & Company (now JBS) meatpacking plant, first in 1996 and again in 2006, arresting suspected undocumented immigrants for alleged identity theft.^[23] One study estimated the 2006 raid caused a 6-month to 1-year economic recession in the area.^[24] Explaining the 2006 raid's effect on the community, Police Chief Michael Tupper told The Washington Post in 2018 that “I think that there’s just a lot of fear that it could happen again. It was a very traumatic experience for our community. Not just for the families and people that were directly impacted, but for our school system, for our local economy, for our community as a whole. It was, in many ways, a devastating experience.”^[25]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.31sqmi, of which 19.28sqmi is land and 0.03sqmi is water.^[26] Neighboring counties include Hardin and Grundy to the north, Tama to the east, Jasper to the south, and Story to the west.

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Marshalltown has a hot-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.

Demographics

Marshalltown is notably more ethnically diverse than the State of Iowa overall. In 2019, 85% of Iowans were non-Hispanic whites, compared to just 59.8% of Marshalltonians. Most of this discrepancy can be explained by the sizable Hispanic population in Marshalltown (30.7% in 2019).

Racial Composition	2019^[27]	2010^[28]	2000	1990^[29]
White	81.1%	84.8%	86.8%	97.1%
—Non-Hispanic	59.8%	70.3%	83.6%	96.6%
Black or African American	1.6%	2.2%	1.3%	1.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)	30.7%	24.1%	12.6%	1.0%
Asian	5.2%	1.7%	1.0%	1.1%

2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 27,552 people in 10,335 households, including 6,629 families, in the city. The population density was 1429PD/sqmi. There were 11,171 housing units at an average density of 579.4/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 84.8% White, 2.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.9% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.1%.^[30]

Of the 10,335 households 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 29.8% of households were one person and 12.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.18.

The median age was 37.3 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.1% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.7% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 26,009 people in 10,175 households, including 6,593 families, in the city. The population density was 1442.7sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 10,857 housing units at an average density of 602.2sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the city was 86.8% White, 1.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 8.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.6%.^[31]

Of the 10,175 households 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 29.7% of households were one person and 13.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02.

Age spread: 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median household income was $35,688 and the median family income was $45,315. Males had a median income of $32,800 versus $23,835 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,113. About 8.8% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Local businesses

• Marshalltown Company, a manufacturer of American tools for many construction and archaeological applications, is based in Marshalltown.
  • The Big Treehouse, a large tourist attraction located outside of Marshalltown.

Top employers

According to Marshalltown's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[32] the top employers in the city are:

	Employer	of Employees
1	JBS USA (formerly Swift & Company)	2,270
2	Emerson Electric - Fisher Flow Controls	1,135
3	Marshalltown Community School District	950
4	Lennox Industries, Inc.	915
5	Iowa Veterans Home	865
6	UnityPoint Health	400
7	Hy-Vee	340
8	Walmart	300
9	Marshalltown Community College	245
10	City of Marshalltown	199
11	McFarland Clinic PC	185
12	Marshall County	183

Education

Marshalltown Community School District serves Marshalltown.

The first schoolhouse in Marshalltown was a log cabin built in 1853. The building stood on Main Street between Third and Fourth Streets. Neary Hoxie served as the first teacher.^[33]

In 1874, high school classes were held in an old building on North Center Street. The high school had 45 students and C. P. Rogers served as the school's superintendent.^[33]

As of 2020, there are multiple schools in Marshalltown. There are six elementary schools, one intermediate school, a Catholic school (PreK–6) and Christian school (1–8), and a middle school (7–8). There is also Marshalltown High School, with over 1,000 students.East Marshall Community School District serves small portions of the Marshalltown city limits.^[34] The district was established on July 1, 1992, by the merger of the LDF and SEMCO school districts.^[35] The BCLUW Community School District serves some rural areas nearby Marshalltown.^[36]

Infrastructure

Transportation

U.S. Route 30 bypasses the town to the south, while Iowa Highway 14 runs through the center of town. An expressway, Iowa Highway 330 connects Marshalltown to Des Moines.

Marshalltown has bus (Marshalltown Municipal Transit or MMT) and taxicab services. It is also served by Trailways Coach Nationwide.

A municipal airport serves the county, approximately four miles north of town. The closest commercial airport is Des Moines International Airport, 53miles miles to the southwest.

There currently is no passenger rail service.

Notable people

• Cap Anson, Major League Baseball player and manager, Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939^[37]
• Matthew Bucksbaum, businessman and philanthropist: with brothers Martin and Maurice co-founded General Growth Properties greatly accelerating modern post-war suburbanization^[38]
• Jerry Burke, pianist and organist from The Lawrence Welk Show
• Blean Calkins, radio sportscaster, president of National Sportscasters & Sportswriters Association 1979-1981
• Edwin N. Chapin (1823–1896), postmaster and newspaper publisher
• Nettie Sanford Chapin (1830–1901), teacher, historian, author, newspaper publisher, suffragist
• Jeff Clement, baseball player for University of Southern California, Pittsburgh Pirates and Minnesota Twins
• T. Nelson Downs, stage magician also known as "King of Koins"
• Jim Dunn, former owner of MLB's Cleveland Indians
• Joseph Carlton Petrone, US Ambassador to the United Nations Office at Geneva^[39]
• George Gardner Fagg, United States federal appellate judge^[40]
• Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (1885–1973), commander during Battle of the Coral Sea and Battle of Midway^[41]
• Benjamin T. Frederick, U.S. Representative, Marshalltown city councilman
• Ben Hanford (1861-1910), two-time Socialist Party candidate for Vice President of the United States^[42]
• Frank Hawks, record-breaking aviator during 1920s and 1930s
• Anna Arnold Hedgeman (1899–1990), African American civil rights leader^{[43] [44]}
• Clifford B. Hicks (1920-2010), children's book author
• Wally Hilgenberg (1942–2008), football player^[45]
• Mary Beth Hurt (1946–), film, television and stage actress, 3-time Tony Award nominee
• Toby Huss (1966–), actor and voice actor, Adventures of Pete and Pete, National Lampoon's Vegas Vacation, King of the Hill, Halt and Catch Fire
• Laurence C. Jones (1884–1975), founder of Piney Woods Country Life School in Mississippi^[46]
• Lance Corporal Darwin Judge (1956–1975), one of last two soldiers killed in Vietnam War
• Noel T. Keen, plant physiologist
• Maury Kent (1885-1966), MLB player, Iowa, Iowa State and Northwestern coach
• Joseph Kosinski (1974–), director of Disney film Tron Legacy^[47]
• Richard W. Lariviere (1950–), president and CEO of Field Museum of Natural History^[48]
• Milo Lemert (1890–1918), received Medal of Honor for actions during World War I^[49]
• Dave Lennox, inventor and businessman, founded Lennox furnace manufacturing business in Marshalltown in 1895
• Meridean Maas (1934-2020), nurse, nursing professor at University of Iowa
• Vera McCord (1870s-1949), actress and film director, born in Marshalltown^[50]
• Elizabeth Ruby Miller (1905-1988), state legislator^[51]
• Merle Miller (1919-1986), novelist, activist
• Modern Life is War, hardcore punk band
• Allie Morrison (1904–1966), wrestler, world and Olympic champion^[52]
• Stephen B. Packard (1839–1922), Governor of Louisiana briefly in 1877^[53]
• Jim Rayburn (1909–1970), founder of Young Life^[54]
• Adolph Rupp (1901–1977), Hall of Fame college basketball coach, once head coach at Marshalltown High School
• Jean Seberg (1938-1979), actress, star of such films as Saint Joan, Breathless, Paint Your Wagon and Airport
• Lee Paul Sieg, former president of University of Washington
• Jimmy Siemers (b. 1982) – professional water skier^[55]
• Jeanne Rowe Skinner - American U.S. Navy officer and former First Lady of Guam.^{[56] [57]}
• Wynn Speece (1917–2007), "Neighbor Lady" on WNAX (AM) for 64 years^[58]
• Billy Sunday (1862–1935), Major League Baseball player and Christian evangelist of early 20th Century^{[12] [59]}
• Henry Haven Windsor (1859–1924), author, magazine editor, publisher, founder and first editor of Popular Mechanics^[60]
• Michelle Vieth, Mexican-American actress, born in Marshalltown
• Peter Zeihan (1973–), geopolitical strategist, author, and speaker

Sister city relations

• Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai, Russia.^[61]
• Minami-Alps, Yamanashi, Japan

Notes and References

1. Web site: City-Data. Marshaltown. 2010-12-13.
2. Web site: Staff Directory • Marshalltown, IA • CivicEngage .
3. Web site: 2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. March 16, 2022.
4. Web site: Find a County. 2011-06-07. National Association of Counties.
5. Web site: 2020 Census State Redistricting Data. 12 August 2021. census.gov. United states Census Bureau.
6. Web site: History . Marshalltown Iowa Community Link . 2010-12-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075045/http://communitylink.com/us/ia/marshalltown/profile/history.htm . 2011-07-18 .
7. Web site: Henry Anson. Anson Elementary School . 2010-12-13 .
8. Book: Chicago and North Western Railway Company. A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways. 1908. 99.
9. Web site: Cap Anson . Society for American Baseball Research Baseball Biography Project . 2008-01-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120107015052/http://bioproj.sabr.org/bioproj.cfm?a=v&v=l&bid=1257&pid=305 . 2012-01-07 . dead .
10. Web site: The First Son. Cap Chronicled. 2011-02-19 .
11. Book: Firstenberger, William Andrew. In rare form: a pictorial history of baseball evangelist Billy Sunday. University of Iowa Press. 2005. 0-87745-959-2. 12. 2010-12-17.
12. Dorsett, 15; Knickerbocker, 26-7.
13. Storm Data Publication IPS National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) . www.ncdc.noaa.gov . 23 July 2020. Web site: Iowa F3 . Tornado History Projects . Storm Prediction Center . 24 July 2020. Iowa Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Weather Service . National Centers for Environmental Information . 24 July 2020. Iowa Event Report: F3 Tornado . National Weather Service . National Centers for Environmental Information . 24 July 2020.
14. Iowa Event Report: EF3 Tornado . National Centers for Environmental Information . National Weather Service . 15 February 2021. News: "It's right over us": Tornadoes strike parts of Iowa, injuring several, leaving path of destruction . 15 February 2021 . www.cbsnews.com.
15. Web site: Midwest Derecho Causes Widespread Damage; More Than 1 Million Homes and Businesses Lose Power. 2020-08-11. The Weather Channel. August 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200811004242/https://weather.com/news/news/2020-08-10-midwest-derecho-impacts. live.
16. Web site: Joens. Philip. Sahouri. Andrea May. Eller. Donnelle. 2020-08-10. Derecho sends straight-line winds through Iowa, leaving hundreds of thousands without power. 2020-08-15. Des Moines Register.
17. Web site: Bradstream. Lana. 2020-08-11. Storm unleashes fury on Marshalltown. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200815203850/https://www.timesrepublican.com/news/todays-news/2020/08/storm-unleashes-fury-on-marshalltown/. August 15, 2020. 2020-08-15. Times-Republican.
18. Web site: 23 Aug 2020. Alliant Energy on Twitter: "Progress continues. 99% of our customers impacted by #StormDerecho on Aug. 10 have power available again. Fewer than 1,000 are without service at this time – and we are committed to getting power restored for all. Thank you for your ongoing patience and support. #IowaStrong t.co/42TjkjXyyi" / Twitter. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200823195100/https://twitter.com/alliantenergy/status/1297622242113839105. August 23, 2020. 2020-08-24. Twitter.
19. Web site: James. Kayla. 2020-08-18. One week after derecho, thousands still wait for power in Marshalltown. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200818221935/https://www.kcci.com/article/one-week-after-derecho-thousands-still-wait-for-power-in-marshalltown/33628861. August 18, 2020. 2020-08-27. KCCI.
20. Web site: Rohlfing. Noah. 19 Aug 2020. 'Extensive' derecho damage big setback for Conservation Board. 2020-12-09. timesrepublican.com.
21. Web site: 2013. Midwest: Hispanic Migrants - Rural Migration News Migration Dialogue. 2021-06-26. Rural Migration News. en.
22. Web site: Refugees happy in Marshalltown. 2021-06-26. timesrepublican.com/. en-US.
23. Web site: Talk of immigration raids a concern for some local officials. 2021-06-21. timesrepublican.com/. en-US.
24. Flora. Jan. Prado-Meza. Claudia. Lewis. Hannah. 2011. After the Raid Is Over: Marshalltown, Iowa, and the Consequences of Worksite Enforcement Raids. Immigration Policy Center Special Report.
25. News: Kranish. Michael. 2018. Whitaker's role in 2006 immigration raid foreshadowed aggressive stance as acting attorney general. The Washington Post. June 21, 2021.
26. Web site: US Gazetteer files 2010. United States Census Bureau. 2012-05-11. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt. 2012-07-02.
27. Web site: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Marshalltown city, Iowa; Iowa. 2021-06-26. www.census.gov. en.
28. Web site: 2021. Demographic Profiles. Iowa Data Center.
29. Web site: 1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics. 2021-06-26. The United States Census Bureau. EN.
30. Web site: U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. 2012-05-11.
31. Web site: U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. 2008-01-31.
32. https://www.marshalltown-ia.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3122/FY2018-CAFR City of Marshalltown CAFR
33. Fosness, Irene Marshalltown: A Pictorial History, Quest Publishing, 1985.
34. Web site: East Marshall. Iowa Department of Education. 2020-03-25.
35. Web site: REORGANIZATION & DISSOLUTION ACTIONS SINCE 1965-66. https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124738/https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/documents/District%20Reorganization%20History%20final.pdf. dead. 2019-02-09. Iowa Department of Education. 2020-03-22.
36. "Positions Available." BCLUW Community School District. Retrieved on August 3, 2015. "Serving the areas of [...] rural Marshalltown,[...]" and Web site: BCLUW School District. Iowa Department of Education. 2020-03-22. - The map shows that none of the Marshalltown city limits is within the BCLUW district.
37. Web site: The Baseball Biography Project. "Cap Anson" by David Fleitz. December 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20120107015052/http://bioproj.sabr.org/bioproj.cfm?a=v&v=l&bid=1257&pid=305. January 7, 2012. dead.
38. Web site: Weber. Bruce. Matthew Bucksbaum, Mall Developer, Dies at 87. New York Times. November 29, 2013. December 19, 2015.
39. Book: Reagan, Ronald . Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987 . Best Books . 1989 . 36. 9781623769505 .
40. Book: Who's Who In Government, p. 1977, vol. 3, p. 181. November 1977. Marquis Who's Who. 9780837912035. January 26, 2018.
41. Web site: Arlington National Cemetery. Frank Jack Fletcher, Admiral. December 13, 2010.
42. Joshua Wanhope, "Biographical Sketch of Ben Hanford," in Ben Hanford, Fight For Your Life! Recording Some Activities of a Labor Agitator. New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1909; pp. 3-4.
43. News: Anna Hedgeman Is Dead at 90; Aide to Mayor Wagner in 1950s. The New York Times. Cook. Joan. January 26, 1990. April 29, 2011.
44. Web site: Anna Hedgeman was a force civil rights. African American Rrgistry. April 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120603135906/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/anna-hedgeman-was-force-civil-rights. June 3, 2012. dead.
45. Web site: Wally Hilgenberg. National Football League. April 29, 2011.
46. Schmidt, D.A. (2002) Iowa Pride. Xulon Press. p 210.
47. News: Cyberspace Gamble. Barnes. Brooks. December 3, 2010. December 17, 2010. The New York Times.
48. http://fieldmuseum.org/users/richard-lariviere Our Staff
49. Web site: Medal of Honor Recipients World War I. U.S. Army Center Of Military History . December 3, 2010. April 29, 2011.
50. Christina Lane, "Vera McCord" in Jane Gaines, Radha Vatsal, and Monica Dall’Asta, eds. Women Film Pioneers Project, Center for Digital Research and Scholarship, Columbia University Libraries, 2013.
51. 'Elizabeth R. Miller, 83,' The Marshalltown Times Republican, January 3, 1989, pg. 3
52. Web site: SPORTS-REFERENCE. https://web.archive.org/web/20200418123627/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/allie-morrison-1.html. dead. April 18, 2020. Olympic Sports/Allie Morrison. December 13, 2010.
53. Mill, George Rogues and Heroes from Iowa's Amazing Past The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1972.
54. Web site: Jim Jr, Founder of Young Life - Jim Rayburn Website. Jim. Rayburn.
55. http://www.iwsf.com/wrl_1006/ju1006b.txt "2007 World Ranking List, Men’s Jump
56. Web site: Ensign Jeanne Rowe Bride Of Lieut. Carleton Skinner . The Lincoln Star . newspapers.com . May 1, 1943 . November 2, 2021. (archived)
57. News: Obituary - Jeanne R. Skinner . The Marin Independent Journal . April 23, 1988 . November 2, 2021. (archived)
58. Web site: The Neighbor Lady - Radio 570 WNAX - Page 3115643.
59. Book: Firstenberger, William Andrew. In rare form: a pictorial history of baseball evangelist Billy Sunday. University of Iowa Press. 2005. 0-87745-959-2. 12. December 17, 2010.
60. Book: Whittaker, Wayne. The Story of Popular Mechanics. Popular Mechanics. January 1952. 127ff. May 4, 2011.
61. Web site: Ames, Iowa . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606035453/http://www.openworld.gov/hosts/city.php?id=130&lang=1 . 6 June 2011 .