| Official Name: | Marshall, New York |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Mapsize: | 260px |
| Coordinates: | 42.9639°N -75.3933°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name1: | New York |
| Subdivision Name2: | Oneida |
| Government Type: | Town Council |
| Leader Title: | Town Supervisor |
| Leader Name: | Colleen Baldwin (U) [1] |
| Leader Title1: | Town Council |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Area Total Km2: | 84.96 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 32.80 |
| Area Land Km2: | 84.96 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 32.80 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.00 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.00 |
| Elevation M: | 353 |
| Elevation Ft: | 1158 |
| Population Total: | 2131 |
| Population As Of: | 2010 |
| Population Density Km2: | 24.94 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 64.60 |
| Timezone: | Eastern (EST) |
| Utc Offset: | -5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -4 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 36-45755 |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 0979201 |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Est: | 2119 |
Marshall is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,966 at the 2020 census.[3]
The Town of Marshall is in the southeastern part of the county and is located southwest of Utica.
The first settlers were the Brothertown Indians, a group of about 400 people formed from scattered remnants of tribes from New England and Long Island, led by Asa Dick and Samson Occom, who arrived around 1774. They were granted land by the Oneida Indians, for the purpose of creating a new township for Christian Indians. They made their homes around the Oriskany Creek, which provided power for their grist mills. Many Brotherton Indians left town during the Revolutionary War, returning after end of the war to farm. Because Brotherton Indians came from different peoples whose languages were not mutually intelligible, many adopted the English language. The number of Brotherton Indians had dwindled by 1850, with some succumbing to alcoholism, and others selling their land and moving to Green Bay, Wisconsin.[4]
The first white settlers arrived in 1794 and settled in the higher regions, in Hanover and the west hills. The town was formed in 1829 from the Town of Kirkland.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.8sqmi, all land.
Part of the southern town line is the border of Madison County.
As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 2,127 people, 786 households, and 579 families residing in the town. The population density was 64.8sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 829 housing units at an average density of 25.3 per square mile (9.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.54% White, 0.52% African American, 0.14% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.
There were 786 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,125, and the median income for a family was $47,214. Males had a median income of $31,150 versus $24,196 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,133. About 6.8% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.