Baal Marqod Explained

Baal Marqod (in Greek alphabet: ΒΑΛ ΜΑΡΚΟΔ, in Latin alphabet: BALMARCOD, restored in)[1] [2] was a Phoenician god of dancing.[3] [4] He is attested in Greek and Latin inscriptions from the Maronite monastery in Deir al-Qal'a (near Beit Mery), which was built on a sanctuary dedicated to Baal Marqod, built in the first century CE.[5] Although 19th century scholar had made some different hypotheses of the nature of this god, he is commonly explained as "Baal of dancing" or "lord of dancing" (Baal is both a noun meaning "lord" and a divine name).[6] The name is believed to correspond with his Greek title (implies games and dances).[7] it is unknown whether he is called so because he was considered the creator of dancing or because dancing was merely the proper way to worship him.

The inscriptions often addressed him as "Iupiter Optimus Maximus Balmarcod" (not Jupiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus[8]).[9] [10] In one inscription he was called also, meaning threshing floor, as in Hebrew grn), and it may mean that Baal Marqod was also the protector of the crops.[11]

Baal Marqod is mentioned in the modern play Le Martyre de saint Sébastien.[12]

References

  1. Book: Renan, Ernest . Ernest Renan . Mission de Phénicie . Mission de Phénicie . Imprimerie impériale . 1864 . 355 . fr. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s/ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1057590v/ https://www.academia.edu/42885836
  2. Kaizer . Ted . 2005 . Leucothea as Mater Matuta at Colonia Berytus: A note on local mythology in the Levant and the Hellenisation of a Phoenician city . Syria . 82 . 204 . 0039-7946.
  3. Tubb . Jonathan N. . 2003 . Phoenician Dance . Near Eastern Archaeology . 66 . 3 . 125 . 10.2307/3210915 . 1094-2076.
  4. Tubb . Jonathan N. . 2003 . Phoenician Dance . Near Eastern Archaeology . 66 . 3 . 122 . 10.2307/3210915 . 1094-2076.
  5. Book: Clermont-Ganneau, Ch. . Recueil d'archéologie orientale . Ernest Leroux . 1888 . 94 . Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau.
  6. Book: Sendrey, Alfred . Music in Ancient Israel . Philosophical Library . 1969 . 441 . Alfred Szendrei.
  7. 2018 . Proche Orient . L'Année épigraphique . 2015 . 726–728 . 0066-2348.
  8. Quinn . Josephine Crawley . Wilson . Andrew . 2013 . Capitolia . The Journal of Roman Studies . 103 . 129 . 0075-4358.
  9. Book: Renan, Ernest . Ernest Renan . Mission de Phénicie . Mission de Phénicie . Imprimerie impériale . 1864 . 355–356 . fr. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5529563s/ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1057590v/ https://www.academia.edu/42885836
  10. Book: Rey-Coquais, Jean-Paul . Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie. Tome VI – Baalbek et Beqaʿ, Nos 2711-3017 . Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner . 1967 . 68 (inscription no. 2739).
  11. 2018 . Proche Orient . L'Année épigraphique . 2015 . 727 . 0066-2348.
  12. Locke . Ralph P. . 2007 . Unacknowledged Exoticism in Debussy: The Incidental Music for Le martyre de saint Sébastien (1911) . The Musical Quarterly . 90 . 3/4 . 379 . 0027-4631.

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