Mark S. G. Dyczkowski Explained

Mark S. G. Dyczkowski is an English Indologist, musician, and scholar of Tantra and Kashmir Shaivism.^[1] He has published multiple translations and commentaries, most notably the 12-volume Manthanabhairava Tantra^[2] and an 11-volume Tantrāloka including the commentary by Jayaratha. Dyczkowski also plays the sitar and has collected over 1,500 compositions for sitar.^[3]

Life and career

Mark Dyczkowski was born in London on August 29, 1951 to a Polish father and Italian mother. He discovered India at a young age and was deeply influenced by its cultures and religions.^[4] At age fourteen, Dyczkowski read the writings of Vivekananda, Yogananda, and Ramakrishna Paramahansa, along with texts like the Bhagavad Gita and Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra; and started playing the sitar.^[5] When he read Walter Evans-Wentz's books The Tibetan Book of the Dead and the Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines, he found them to be too complex to understand and realized the need for a Guru.

After finishing school at the age of 17, Dyczkowski, now 18, traveled to India. He visited Guru Maharaj Ji's ashram in Delhi, which had been established twelve years prior, as recommended by two fellow hotel guests, and remained there for six months. Dyczkoswki went to London to assist Maharaj in his sermons, and stayed there until the Guru suggested he go to college in India. He enrolled in the Banaras Hindu University in 1970 at the age of 19, where his professor was Acharya Rameshwar Jha and a fellow student was K.D. Tripathi. Dyczkowski met Pandit Hemant Chakravarti in Varanasi in 1971. Chakravarti was a student of Gopinath Kaviraj, who in turn was a student of Vishuddhananda Paramahansa and Anandamayi Ma. Dyczkowski studied Sanskrit, philosophy, and Tantra under his guidance, while simultaneously learning the sitar from Budhaditya Mukherjee. Dyczkowski also studied with Vrajvallabh Dwivedi and Pandit Vagish Shastri (who taught him Sanskrit grammar).^[6]

By 1974 Dyczkowski had obtained a BA and MA in Indian Philosophy and Religion with distinction from Banaras Hindu University. He returned to England and was admitted to University of Oxford to conduct doctoral research into Kashmir Shaivism. His doctoral advisor was Alexis Sanderson, one of the few scholars in the West who knew of its existence. His supervisor was Richard Gombrich.^[7] In 1976, Dyczkowski traveled to Kashmir and was formally initiated into Kashmiri Shaivism by Swami Lakshman Joo, who became his guru, and with whom Dyczkowski would stay with for six months out of the year to attend his lectures.^[8]

Dyczkowski returned to India in late 1979 after receiving his PhD. He worked towards a second Doctorate at the Banaras Hindu University, where he studied as a Commonwealth Scholar. In 1985 he enrolled at the Sampurnanand Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya for the Vachaspati (DLitt) degree. He started learning the sitar and Indian classical music from Dr. Gangrade (the head of the music faculty at BHU) and Omir Bhattacharya, and learned vocals from Pashupatinath Mishra. Dyczkowski published his doctoral dissertation, The Doctrine of Vibration as his first book, which introduced many people to Kashmir Shaivism and was reprinted multiple times.^[9]

Sanderson gifted two books to Dyczkowski on his wedding. One of these books was the Kubjikāmata, which sparked his curiosity and led him to research the Kubjikā tradition in Nepal, which he would visit once or twice a year. His research was the first such exposition of a secret Tantric tradition and led to multiple other such efforts.^[10] Dyczkowski primarily focuses on the Trika, Kaula, Krama, Bhairava, and Siddhānta schools of Tantra, among others.^[11] He is also notable for digitizing many previously inaccessible Sanskrit manuscripts and scriptures in association with the Muktabodha Indological Research Institute.^[12]

Works

Books

• The Doctrine of Vibration: an analysis of the doctrines and practices of Kashmir Shaivism (1987, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York). .
• The canon of the Śaivāgama and the Kubjikā Tantras of the western Kaula tradition (1987, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York). .
• Kubjikā, Kālī, Tripurā, and Trika (2000, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart & The Nepal Research Centre, Kathmandu). .
• The cult of the goddess Kubjika: a preliminary comparative textual and anthropological survey of a secret Newar goddess (2001, The Nepal Research Centre, Kathmandu). .
• A journey in the world of Tantras (2004, Indica Books, Varanasi). .
• Self Awareness, own being and egoity (1990, DK Book Agencies, Varanasi). .

Works edited or translated

• The stanzas on vibration: the Spandakārikā with four commentaries by Vasugupta (1992, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York). .
• The aphorisms of Śiva: the ŚivaSūtra with Bhāskara's commentary, the Vārttika by Vasugupta, Bhāskarabhatta (1992, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York). .
• Manthānabhairavatantram Kumārikākhaṇḍaḥ = Section concerning the virgin goddess of the Tantra of the churning Bhairava (2009, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts & D.K. Printworld, New Delhi). .
• Tantraloka – The Light on and of the Tantras (2023, self-published at Varanasi) by Abhinavagupta. Vol. I: . Vol. II: . Vol. III: . Vol. IV . Vol. V. . Vol. VI. . Vol VII. . Vol VIII. . Vol IX. . Vol X. . Vol XI. .
• Tantrasadbhavatantra - on the basis of Nepalese palmleaf manuscripts NAK 5-1985 / NGMPP A42/6 (2005, Muktabodha Indological Research Institute Digital Library).
• Ūrmikaulārṇava - on the basis of NAK MS no: 5-5207 (sic. 5-5202) and NGMPP reel no: B 115/9 (Muktabodha Indological Research Institute Digital Library).
• Ciñcinīmatasārasamuccaya - on the basis of (MS) NAK 1-767; (MS) NAK 1-245; (MS) NAK MS 1-145; (MS) 1-99 (Muktabodha Indological Research Institute Digital Library).
• The Samvitprakasa by Vamanadatta (1990, Ratna Printing Works, Varanasi). .

Articles

• The Khacakrapañcakastotra, Hymn to the Five Spheres of Emptiness: Introduction, Edition, and Translation in Tantrapuspanjali (2018, pages 67 - 131, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts). .
• The doctrines and practices associated with the Kashmiri Śaiva concept of Spanda (PhD Thesis). (1986, British Library, London). .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Dr. Mark Dyczkowski . 2023-03-16 . Muktabodha Indological Research Institute . en-US.
2. Web site: Mathanabhairavatantram . 2023-03-16 . Index Theologicus.
3. Web site: Misra . Aparna . 2020-02-21 . Mark Dyczkowski plays Bhairavi for Shiva at Varanasi . 2023-03-16 . Center for Soft Power, Indica Academy . en-US.
4. Book: Osto, D. E. . An Indian Tantric Tradition and Its Modern Global Revival: Contemporary Nondual Śaivism . 2020-03-06 . Routledge . 978-1-000-04929-9 . Oxford & New York . en.
5. Book: Compilation, Prabuddha Bharata . Approaching Ramakrishna . July 2018 . Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math) . 978-81-7505-908-5 . 1st Ebook . Kolkata . en.
6. Battistini . Alessandro . 2014-07-23 . Ātaṅkavādaśataka: the Century of Verses on Terrorism by Vagish Shastri . Governare la Paura. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies . en . 7(1) . 2014: India and Fear: Anatomy of an Emotion . 4 . 10.6092/issn.1974-4935/4422 . 1974-4935.
7. Book: Das . Sadananda . Samarasya . Fürlinger . Ernst . 2005 . D.K. Printworld . 978-81-246-0338-3 . en.
8. Book: Vasugupta . The Yoga of Vibration and Divine Pulsation: A Translation of the Spanda Kārikās with Kṣemarāja's Commentary, the Spanda Nirṇaya . Singh . Jaideva . 1992-01-01 . SUNY Press . 978-0-7914-1179-7 . Albany, New York . en.
9. Davis . Richard . 1990 . Review of The Doctrine of Vibration: An Analysis of the Doctrines and Practices of Kashmir Shaivism, by Mark S. G. Dyczkowski . . 29 . 4 . 424–426 . 1062928 . JSTOR.
10. White . David Gordon . 2011 . Review of Manthānabhairavatantram Kumārikārikākhaṇḍaḥ: The Section Concerning the Virgin Goddess of the Tantra of the Churning Bhairava, by M. S. G. Dyczkowski . . 131 . 2 . 295–297 . 23044647 . JSTOR.
11. Book: Kinsley, David R. . Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahāvidyās . 1998 . Motilal Banarsidass . 978-81-208-1522-3 . 1st . Delhi . 253–280 . en.
12. .