Mark Milley Explained

Birth Date:20 June 1958
Birth Place:Winchester, Massachusetts, U.S.
Allegiance:United States
Branch:United States Army
Serviceyears:1980–2023
Rank:General
Commands:
Battles:
Alma Mater:
Children:2

Mark Alexander Milley (born June 20, 1958) is a retired United States Army general who last served as the 20th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2023. He previously served as the 39th chief of staff of the Army from August 14, 2015, to August 9, 2019,[1] and held multiple command and staff positions in eight divisions and special forces throughout his military career.

An ROTC graduate from Princeton University, Milley earned his commission as an armor officer in 1980. Later he graduated from Columbia University. He was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by US President Donald Trump, making Milley the tenth U.S. Army officer to be chairman. As chairman, Milley was the highest-ranking officer in the United States Armed Forces and the principal military advisor to the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council.[2]

Early life and education

Milley was born on June 20, 1958, in Winchester, Massachusetts.[3] He is of Irish descent, and was raised Roman Catholic.[4] [5] His paternal grandfather, Peter (1897–1976), was from Newfoundland[6] and served with the Royal Newfoundland Regiment during the Gallipoli campaign in World War I.[7] His father, Alexander (1924–2015), enlisted in the U.S. Navy in March 1943 as a naval corpsman. He was assigned to the 4th Marine Division and landed at Kwajalein, Saipan, Tinian and Iwo Jima. After the war, he worked as a restaurateur and food-broker. He was a member of the Knights of Columbus, whose membership is limited to practicing Catholic men.[8] [9] Milley's mother, Mary Elizabeth (née Murphy), was a nurse who served with the Navy's WAVES in World War II and is described by Milley as a "break-the-glass-ceiling" type of woman.[10]

Milley attended a Catholic grammar school where he played hockey. Good grades and athletic ability led to him being recruited to Belmont Hill School.[11] and afterwards to Princeton University where he played varsity ice hockey.[12]

There, he joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) in 1976,[13] and in 1980 graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in politics after completing a 185-page-long senior thesis titled "The Irish Republican Army: A Critical Analysis of Revolutionary Guerrilla Organization in Theory and Practice". Milley also holds a Master of International Affairs degree from the School of International & Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University and another Master of Arts degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College.[14] He is also an attendee of the MIT Center for International Studies Seminar XXI National Security Studies Program.[15]

Military career

Milley earned his commission as an armor officer through Princeton's Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps program in 1980.[16]

Milley's career has included assignments with the 82nd Airborne Division, 5th Special Forces Group,[17] 7th Infantry Division, 2nd Infantry Division, Joint Readiness Training Center, 25th Infantry Division, Operations Staff of the Joint Staff, and a posting as Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense.[18]

Milley has held multiple command and staff positions in eight divisions and special forces throughout his military career. He commanded 1st Battalion, 506th Infantry, 2nd Infantry Division, in South Korea from 1996 to 1998.[19] He served as commander of 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (Light) from December 2003 to July 2005; deputy commanding general for operations of the 101st Airborne Division from July 2007 to April 2008, and as commanding general of the 10th Mountain Division from November 2011 to December 2012.[20] [21] [22] Milley commanded III Corps, based at Fort Hood, Texas, from December 2012 to August 2014,[23] [24] [25] and concurrently the International Security Assistance Force Joint Command from May 2013 to February 2014.[26] [27] He served as the commanding general of the United States Army Forces Command at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, from August 2014 to August 2015.[28] [29]

Chief of Staff of the Army

Milley was appointed chief of staff of the Army on August 14, 2015.[30] In his initial message to the U.S. Army, General Milley laid out his priorities on readiness, the future Army, and taking care of troops. "We must ensure the Army remains ready as the world's premier combat force. Readiness for ground combat is—and will remain—the U.S. Army's #1 priority. We will do what it takes to build an agile, adaptive Army of the future."[31]

Modernization and reform

During his tenure, Milley focused heavily on modernization efforts for the Army, which included a new command designed to consolidate the methods that deliver Army capabilities, similar to the approach used by U.S. Special Operations Command. At the 2017 Association of the United States Army annual meeting, Milley described the areas targeted for modernization, including tanks, aircraft and weapons. Milley said: "Faster results will be obtained...as we shift to a SOCOM-like model of buy, try, decide and acquire rather than the current industrial-age linear model that takes years to establish requirements, decades to test, and it may take a long, long time to go from idea to delivery." He warned: "If we adapt to the changing character of war, and we embrace the institutional changes that we need to implement, then we will continue to be the most lethal fighting force in the world for the next seven decades and beyond. If we do not, we will lose the next war."[32]

In February 2017, the Army announced the establishment of Security Force Assistance Brigades. Also known as SFABs, these permanent units were established in Fort Benning with a core mission to conduct security cooperation activities and serve as a quick response to combatant commander requirements.[33]

While their training would be similar to that of Special Forces, soldiers in the SFABs would not be considered Special Forces, Milley said. "They will be trained in many ways similar to Special Forces, but they are not Special Forces." These SFABs will be structured using the non-commissioned and commissioned officers of infantry brigade combat teams to train foreign military units in conventional light infantry tactics, Milley said.[34]

In 2018, Secretary of the Army Mark Esper and Milley established Army Futures Command in Austin, Texas, to take advantage of nearby academic and industrial expertise.[35] [36] [37] [38] Coequal in status to the Army's three senior most commands: Army Forces Command, Army Material Command, and Army Training and Doctrine Command, it represented one of the largest reform initiatives undertaken in more than forty years. Beyond developing future warfighting concepts, eight cross-functional teams conducted research to further the Army's modernization priorities: long-range precision fires, next-generation combat vehicles, air and missile defenses, soldier lethality, synthetic training environments, future vehicle lift platforms, and assured positioning, navigation, and timing.

In 2018, Esper and Milley also led the roll out of a new Army Combat Fitness Test.[39] [40] The new fitness test was designed to improve overall combat readiness and mimic physical tasks and stresses associated with combat and was set to replace the 40-year-old Army fitness test by October 2020.[41] Milley said: "We want to make sure that our soldiers are ... in top physical shape to withstand the rigors of ground combat. Combat is not for the faint of heart, it's not for the weak-kneed, it's not for those who are not psychologically resilient and tough and hardened to the brutality, to the viciousness of it."[42]

Army Green Service Uniform

In early 2017, Milley and then-Sergeant Major of the Army Daniel A. Dailey began considering the possibility of bringing back an iconic two-tone uniform known as the "Pinks and Greens" to honor the "greatest generation" of soldiers who fought in World War II.[43]

The Army believed the reintroduction of the uniform would give soldiers a uniform for professional environments that honored the Army heritage, reconnect today's soldiers with their service history, strengthen pride, bolster recruiting and enhance readiness.[44]

According to an Army Times poll conducted in the fall of 2018, of the 32,000 respondents, 72 percent indicated they were ready to embrace a new uniform, while 28 percent said they were happy with the current blue Army Service Uniform. Soldiers did express concerns about the need for an additional uniform as well as the costs associated with acquiring the new uniform.[45] The Army tried to address this concern in its official roll out announcement Nov. 11, 2018, indicating the uniform would be cost-neutral for enlisted soldiers, who would be able to purchase the new "everyday business-wear uniform" with their existing annual clothing allowance. The Army also indicated the new uniform would come "at no additional cost" to U.S. taxpayers and would be made in the U.S.[46] Secretary of the Army Esper, who also championed the iconic “pinks and greens” uniform and worked with Milley and Dailey on the initiative, approved its return in November 2018.[47]

Iraq War study

In 2018, Milley was involved in deciding whether the Army would publish a controversial study on the 2003–2006 Iraq War. Milley reportedly decided he wanted to read the two-volume, 1,300-page, 500,000-word document before making a decision. Milley also directed that an external panel of scholars review the work. After the panel returned glowing reviews on the study, including one that described it as "the gold standard in official history", Milley continued to delay publication so he could review it further.[48] When confronted by a journalist from The Wall Street Journal in October 2018, Milley reversed these decisions, ordering the study published officially and with a foreword from himself. He said the team who wrote the study "did a damn good job", the study itself was "a solid work", and that he aimed to publish the study by the holidays (2018).

Within days of this revelation, two members of Congress who sit on the House Armed Services Committee (Reps. Jackie Speier, D-California, and Ruben Gallego, D-Arizona) sent a letter to Army leaders expressing their anger over the delay. In a press release accompanying the letter to Milley and Esper, Speier said, "This is simply the Army being unwilling to publicly air its mistakes. Our military, Congress, and the American people deserve nothing less than total transparency on the lessons the Army has identified so that we may use those lessons to avoid costly, and too often deadly, mistakes of the past."[49] The two-volume study was published January 17, 2019.[50] [51] [52]

Report on climate change

In May 2019, Milley commissioned a U.S. Army War College report on the impact of climate change on society as a whole and on the U.S. military. The report was written by U.S. government officials from agencies including the U.S. Army, Defense Intelligence Agency, and NASA and released in August 2019. It outlined the possibility of blackouts, disease, thirst, starvation and war due to collapses of the country's aging power grid, its food supply systems, and the U.S. military. The report also mentions the likelihood of increasing water scarcity and failure of global food systems in developing countries which would result in an increase of civil and military conflicts.[53] [54]

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Milley was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from September 30, 2019, until September 30, 2023.[55]

Trump administration

On December 8, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, although Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis and then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Joseph Dunford favored Air Force Chief of Staff General David L. Goldfein for the appointment.[56] [57] [58] [59] Milley had initially been fielded as a candidate to succeed Curtis Scaparrotti as commander of the United States European Command and Supreme Allied Commander Europe but after the interview with Trump was nominated for the chairmanship instead.[60] [61] He was confirmed by the Senate 89–1 on July 25, 2019,[62] and sworn in on September 30.[63] [64] [65] [66] After attending 75th anniversary commemorations of the Battle of the Bulge in Belgium on December 16, 2019,[67] Milley met with the Russian military chief of staff Valery Gerasimov in Bern, Switzerland, on December 18. This continued a series of meetings between the American and Russian military chiefs reestablished by Milley's predecessor Joseph Dunford in 2017 to ensure open communication and reduce the risks in conflict areas.[68] [69]

During Trump's re-election campaign, a photograph featuring Vice President Mike Pence, Trump, Esper, and Milley, was used in one of Trump's political ads. Defense officials said that the image was used without Milley's knowledge and consent and that the ad was later removed "ahead of time."[70] [71]

St. John's Church incident

On June 1, 2020, during the protests in Washington, D.C., following the murder of George Floyd, Milley, in combat uniform, walked with the president from the White House across Lafayette Square to St. John's Episcopal Church about half an hour after federal officers and police had used tear gas and other riot control tactics to disperse protestors, drawing sharp criticism from former military officers and others.[72] [73] [74] [75] [76]

According to Peril, Milley attended the walk in combat fatigues as he had been summoned away at short notice from a planned visit to an FBI operations center, and immediately departed once he and Esper realized the political implications of the walk, saying that he felt "sick" and was "fucking done with this shit" to Esper.[77] [78] As a result, Milley was not present for Trump's photo op at St. John's Church.[79] The House Armed Services Committee subsequently requested that Esper and Milley testify before the committee about the military's role in the George Floyd protests, which they did on July 9.[80] [81]

Unsent resignation letter
Following the 2020 elections
After losing his bid for reelection in November 2020, Trump and his allies made attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, presaging the January 6 attack. According to I Alone Can Fix It, a July 2021 book by The Washington Post reporters Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig, Milley became concerned Trump was preparing to stage a coup, and held informal discussions with his deputies about possible ways to thwart it, telling associates: "They may try, but they're not going to fucking succeed. You can't do this without the military. You can't do this without the CIA and the FBI. We're the guys with the guns."

Rucker and Leonnig's book also quoted Milley as saying "this is a Reichstag moment", comparing Trump's attempts to overturn the election to the event used to cement Nazi Germany and referring to Trump's false statements about electoral fraud as "the gospel of the Führer". Milley reportedly told police and military officials preparing to secure Joe Biden's presidential inauguration: "Everyone in this room, whether you're a cop, whether you're a soldier, we're going to stop these guys to make sure we have a peaceful transfer of power. We're going to put a ring of steel around this city and the Nazis aren't getting in."[85] [86] Trump later said that he had not threatened or spoken about a coup and falsely claimed that Obama had fired Milley.[87]

On January 12, 2021, Milley and the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a statement condemning the storming of the U.S. Capitol by supporters of Trump and reminding all service members of their obligation to support and defend the Constitution and reject extremism.[88] [89] They said: "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic."[90]

In an interview on April 2, Milley said that the military reaction and response were "sprint speed" and "super fast".[91] Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi said from her personal experience that was not the case, and called for a commission to find the truth.[92]

Calls with Chinese general

According to a September 2021 Axios report, in mid-2020 Pentagon officials were concerned about the Chinese having received bad intelligence from dubious sources that had them worried about a possible surprise U.S. strike against China.[93] In a report released in November 2021, the Pentagon confirmed these Chinese worries and that Esper had directed Milley and the deputy assistant defense secretary for China Chad Sbragia in mid-October to reassure their Chinese counterparts that the U.S. "had no intention of instigating a military crisis against China."[94] Milley called his Chinese counterpart on October 30.[95]

In Woodward and Costa's book Peril, the authors wrote that on October 30, 2020, four days before the U.S. presidential election day, Milley called his counterpart in China, General Li Zuocheng, quoting Milley as saying: "I want to assure you that the American government is stable and everything is going to be okay ... We are not going to attack or conduct any kinetic operations against you ... If we're going to attack, I'm going to call you ahead of time. It's not going to be a surprise."[96] [97] The authors wrote that Milley again called Li in January 2021, two days after the 2021 United States Capitol attack, quoting Milley as saying: "Things may look unsteady... But that's the nature of democracy... We are 100 percent steady. Everything's fine. But democracy can be sloppy sometimes."[98] Unnamed defense department officials said Sbragia had called his Chinese counterpart two days earlier, with the authorization of then-acting secretary of defense Christopher C. Miller.[99] [100] One briefed on Milley's call said that it was "implausible that (Milley's call) would have been done without" Sbragia's knowledge.

Both calls were by video conference where fifteen people were present, including a State Department representative and notetakers.[101] [102] CNN reported that Milley consulted with Esper in conducting the October call.[103] Politico reported that a former senior defense official said Milley asked Miller for permission to make the January call, and that Miller said Milley "almost certainly" informed him about making the call, but he did not recall receiving a detailed readout afterwards.[104] On the same day, Miller told Fox News that he did not authorize the call and called for Milley to resign or be fired, stating, "If the reporting in Woodward's book is accurate it represents a disgraceful and unprecedented act of insubordination by the Nation's top military officer."[105] [106]

Two days later he told CNN that "he likely would not have been informed of such routine engagements that either his office or Milley would have had with China" and that he was criticizing the call in October, not the one in January. At a congressional hearing on September 28, 2021, Milley testified that both calls were coordinated with the staffs of Esper and Miller both before and after they were made.[107] The Wall Street Journal reported Pentagon officials said Miller had been apprised of the call. Milley's spokesman stated, "All calls from the Chairman to his counterparts, including those reported, are staffed, coordinated and communicated with the Department of Defense and the interagency."[108]

Milley stated that the calls were "routine calls... in order to ensure strategic stability" and "perfectly within the duties and responsibilities of the chairman." In hearings before the Senate and House Armed Services committees on September 28 and 29, respectively, Milley said he did not intend to undermine Trump with the calls,[109] adding that he "was communicating to my Chinese counterpart on instructions, by the way, to de-escalate the situation" and that Trump "has no intent to attack and I told [General Li] that repeatedly."[110] After the January 6 storming of the U.S. Capitol, Milley also spoke to other military leaders around the world, including in the United Kingdom, to reassure them "that the U.S. government was strong and in control."[111]

Meeting on nuclear launch procedure
Additional actions
Milley's reported comments and actions drew criticism from multiple Republicans.[113] [114] Trump described Woodward and Costa's reporting as "fake news" and "fabricated," stating that he "never even thought of attacking China."[115] Trump also said that if the reporting was true, then Trump believed Milley should be "tried for treason" for talking to Li "behind the President's back and telling China that he would be giving them notification" of an American attack.[116]

Senate Intelligence Committee ranking member Marco Rubio called on Biden to fire Milley, stating that Milley had undermined "the sitting commander in chief" and "contemplated a treasonous leak of classified information to the Chinese Communist Party in advance of a potential armed conflict with the People's Republic of China."[117] [118] Many Republicans accused Milley of treason and called for his resignation, firing, or court-martial. Alexander Vindman said that Milley needed to resign if it was true that he broke the chain of command.[119] Twenty-seven House Republicans, all members of the Freedom Caucus, wrote to Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin demanding an Army Regulation 15-6 investigation into Milley's actions and for Milley's security clearance to be suspended.[120] [121]

Historian and Brookings Institution senior fellow Max Boot, a critic of Trump, wrote that "Milley had no choice but to do what he did."[122] He also wrote that "Trump, Rubio and all the rest of the rabid partisans who accused a decorated combat veteran of treason based on a hasty misreading of a book excerpt" needed to retract their statements and apologize.[123] White House press secretary Jen Psaki said that Biden had worked closely with Milley and considered him to be a patriot.[124] Pentagon spokesperson John Kirby stated that Milley had the trust and confidence of Austin.

Senate Judiciary Committee chair Dick Durbin (D-Illinois) said that he had "no concerns that Milley might have exceeded his authority" and that Democratic lawmakers "were circumspect in our language but many of us made it clear that we were counting on him to avoid the disaster which we knew could happen at any moment." Biden later said he had "great confidence" in Milley.[125] Senator Angus King stated that Milley had "rendered the country a significant service", and U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services chair Jack Reed told reporters that "de-escalating international tensions was part of Milley's job."[126] Former United Nations ambassador and Trump national security advisor John Bolton defended Milley as a "staunch supporter of the Constitution and the rule of law."[127]

Biden administration

Upon the inauguration of Joe Biden as president in January 2021 Milley was invited to remain in his position of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and accepted the offer. He ceremonially relinquished office as chairman to General Charles Q. Brown Jr. on September 29, 2023, and his term officially ended on September 30.[128] [129]

In June 2021, a report from an Associated Press investigation found that at least 1,900 U.S. military firearms were recorded as lost or stolen in the last 10 years, most of them by the U.S. Army.[130] [131] Some of them were later used in violent crimes; in one case, stolen automatic rifles were sold to a California street gang. Reports say that when Milley learned of the scandal, he was shocked, and stated he would consider a more systematic fix on how the military keeps track of its firearms. However, some claim that Milley actually downplayed the report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms.[132]

In November 2022, Milley urged Russia and Ukraine to find a "political solution" to the Russo-Ukrainian War, saying that the war in Ukraine is unwinnable by purely military means.[133] [134] In February 2023, Milley said that Russia had lost "strategically, operationally and tactically" and that it was "paying an enormous price on the battlefield" in Ukraine.[135]

Defense of non-partisan military
On June 30, 2021, Trump suggested that Milley should resign, implying that he was unwilling "to defend [the [[United States Armed Forces|US military]]] from the Leftist Radicals who hate [the [[United States]]] and [its [[Flag of the United States|flag]]]." This came after Milley's defense of studying a broad range of ideas including "critical race theory" and news reports that Milley and Trump engaged in a shouting match over military involvement in the 2020–2021 US race protests. Trump previously denied the incident and accused Milley of falsifying it.[136]

On June 23, 2021, Milley attracted notice for telling Florida Republican Congressman Matt Gaetz that he found it "offensive" that the U.S. military was being characterized as "woke" for including "critical race theory" in its West Point curriculum and that he wanted "to understand white rage – and I'm white. What is it that caused thousands of people to assault this building and try to overturn the Constitution of the United States of America?"[137] [138] [139]

In their September 2021 book, Peril, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Robert Costa wrote that after the election Milley had become aware of a Trump military order to withdraw all troops from Afghanistan by January 15, 2021, which had been written by two Trump loyalists without consultation with national security officials. The authors reported that after Trump refused to concede his election loss, CIA director Gina Haspel told Milley, "We are on the way to a right-wing coup" and was worried Trump might attack Iran.[140] In remarks before the Senate Armed Services Committee on September 28, Milley denied that he agreed in a call with Nancy Pelosi that Trump was "crazy" as stated in the book,[141] [142] stating that he was "not qualified to determine the mental health of the president of the United States."

Threats to life by Trump
Withdrawal from Afghanistan

In December 2020, Milley met with the Taliban in Doha in an effort to arrange peace talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government. Milley believed that U.S. troops should remain in Afghanistan to prevent another terrorist attack like the September 11 attacks.[147] [148]

Nearly a year after the withdrawal of U.S. troops began, the Taliban launched an offensive against the Afghan government, quickly advancing in front of a collapsing Afghan Armed Forces.[149] U.S. intelligence believed that the Afghan government would likely collapse within six months after the withdrawal of NATO troops from the country.[150] On July 21, 2021, Milley reported that half of all districts in Afghanistan were under Taliban control and that momentum was "sort of" on the side of the Taliban.[151] Kabul was captured by the Taliban on August 15, 2021, prompting an international airlift of civilians at Kabul International Airport, which remained under temporary U.S. and NATO control.[152]

On August 26, 2021, following the suicide bombing at Kabul Airport that led to the death of 183 people, including 13 U.S. service members,[153] Republican Senators and members of the House called for the resignation of President Biden, Vice President Harris, Secretary of State Blinken, Defense Secretary Austin, and Milley.[154]

In late September 2021, Milley, at hearings before both the Senate and House Armed Services Committees said that the withdrawal from Afghanistan and evacuation from Kabul was "a logistical success but a strategic failure".[155] He rejected demands from Republican committee members to resign.[156]

Operational deployments

Milley has deployed for various military operations, including:

Service summary

Summary of assignments

BeginEndAssignmentDuty station
19992000Student, United States Naval War CollegeNewport,
Rhode Island
20002002Assistant Chief of Staff (G3), later Chief of Staff, 25th Infantry Division (Light)Schofield Barracks,
Hawaii
20022002Commander, US Provisional Brigade/Task Force Eagle, 25th Infantry Division (Light), Multinational Division(North)Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
20022003Deputy Chief of Staff for Transformation (G-7), 25th Infantry Division (Light)Schofield Barracks,
Hawaii
20032005Commander, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (Light)Fort Drum,
New York
20052006Chief, Global Force Management Division, later Assistant Deputy Director for Joint Operations (J-3), Joint StaffThe Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
20062007Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, Office of the Secretary of DefenseThe Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
July 2007June 2009Deputy Commanding General (Operations), 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)Fort Campbell,
Kentucky
June 2009November 2011Deputy Director for Regional Operations (J-3), Joint StaffThe Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
November 4, 2011[158] December 3, 2012Commanding General, 10th Mountain Division (Light)Fort Drum,
New York
December 20, 2012August 2014Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood; concurrently Commander, International Security Assistance Force Joint Command and Deputy Commander, United States Forces-AfghanistanFort Hood,
Texas
August 15, 2014August 10, 2015[159] Commanding General, United States Army Forces CommandFort Bragg,
North Carolina
August 14, 2015August 9, 2019Chief of Staff of the United States ArmyThe Pentagon, Washington, D.C.
October 1, 2019September 30, 2023Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffThe Pentagon, Washington, D.C.

Awards and decorations

General Milley has received the following awards:[160]

Right breastLeft breast
506th Infantry Regiment Distinctive Unit InsigniaCombat Infantryman Badge (2nd Award)
French Parachutist BadgeDefense Distinguished Service Medal
with two oak leaf clusters		Army Distinguished Service Medal
with four oak leaf clusters		Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Joint Meritorious Unit
Award
with oak leaf cluster		Army Meritorious Unit
Commendation
with three oak leaf clusters		Air Force Distinguished Service MedalDefense Superior Service Medal
with two oak leaf clusters		Legion of Merit
with two oak leaf clusters
101st Airborne Division Combat Service Identification BadgeBronze Star Medal
with three oak leaf clusters		Meritorious Service Medal
with silver oak leaf cluster		Army Commendation Medal
with four oak leaf clusters
Army Achievement Medal
with oak leaf cluster		National Defense Service Medal
with service star		Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
with two service stars
Afghanistan Campaign Medal
with three campaign star		Iraq Campaign Medal
with two campaign stars		Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service MedalKorea Defense Service MedalHumanitarian Service Medal
Army Service RibbonArmy Overseas Service Ribbon
with award numeral 6		NATO Medal for service with ISAF
with service star
Multinational Force and Observers MedalFrench National Order of Merit, Commander[161] Order of the British Empire, Honorary Knight Commander[162]
Special Forces TabRanger Tab
Master Parachutist BadgeSpecial Operations Diver Badge
Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification BadgeUnited States Army Staff Identification Badge
Other awards
Presidential Commendation (Trump)[163]
Expert Infantryman Badge
10 Overseas Service Bars

Civilian career

Milley joined the faculties of Georgetown University and Princeton University in February 2024. At Georgetown, he will mentor students as a distinguished fellow in residence with the Security Studies Program in the School of Foreign Service. The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA) appointed him the Charles and Marie Robertson visiting professor and lecturer from February 2024 until June 2025.[164] He also became a senior adviser to JPMorgan Chase bank and joined the Harry Walker Agency, a speakers' agency.[165]

Personal life

Milley and Hollyanne Haas (born January 19, 1965) were married in May 1985. They have two children.[166] [167] Hollyanne is a nurse who worked in critical care for 18 years and then in cardiac nursing for 15, currently in Northern Virginia.[168] [169] At the 2020 Veterans Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery, she administered CPR to a veteran who had collapsed, saving his life.

Publications

Articles

External links

|-|-|-|-|-|-

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Chief of Staff of the Army | General Mark A. Milley . United States Army . December 11, 2018 . June 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180624035954/https://www.army.mil/leaders/csa/?from=wiki . live .
  2. - Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions
  3. Web site: Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 114th Congress . October 30, 2021 . October 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211015150510/https://www.congress.gov/114/chrg/shrg24274/CHRG-114shrg24274.pdf . live . Page 581
  4. News: Ryan . Missy . For military's top man, navigating the Trump-Biden transition is his biggest test yet . . June 22, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . June 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210623093613/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-biden-milley-transition-military/2021/06/22/44df70ea-c9f1-11eb-93fa-9053a95eb9f2_story.html . live .
  5. Web site: General Milley's fighting Irish roots helped him stand up to Trump. Irish Central. September 17, 2021. September 17, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921201818/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/politics/general-mark-milley-peril. live.
  6. Web site: Trump's right-hand man has roots in Newfoundland. The Telegram. July 1, 2023. July 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230702041523/https://www.saltwire.com/nova-scotia/news/update-trumps-right-hand-man-has-roots-in-newfoundland-397626/. live.
  7. News: Blackmore . Sarah . Hundreds gather for Memorial Day ceremony in St. John's . . July 1, 2023 . July 1, 2023 . July 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230701182200/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/memorial-day-st-johns-2023-1.6894652 . live .
  8. Web site: Alexander Milley Obituary. Wicked Local Somerville. Legacy. August 18, 2021. August 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819135706/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/wickedlocal-somerville/name/alexander-milley-obituary?pid=174681978. live.
  9. News: John . Grady . Joint Chiefs Chair Milley Remembers Father's Service at Iwo Jima . . August 18, 2021 . February 19, 2020 . December 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201207141541/https://news.usni.org/2020/02/19/joint-chiefs-chair-milley-remembers-fathers-navy-service-at-iwo-jima . live .
  10. News: Hollyanne Milley, Wife of Joint Chiefs Chairman, Saves Veteran's Life at Arlington . Sisk . Richard . November 13, 2020 . . October 30, 2021 . June 27, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210627134521/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/11/13/hollyanne-milley-wife-of-joint-chiefs-chairman-saves-veterans-life-arlington.html . live .
  11. News: Berkowitz . Bram . Winchester Native Mark A. Milley Becomes U.S. Army Chief of Staff . . August 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905073921/http://winchester.wickedlocal.com/article/20150827/NEWS/150827482 . September 5, 2015 . October 31, 2021 . live .
  12. Web site: Harris . Mary . The Truth About Mark Milley . . September 21, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211031132258/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/09/milley-trump-woodward-peril-nukes.html . live .
  13. Web site: Cooper. Helene. How Mark Milley, a General Who Mixes Bluntness and Banter, Became Trump's Top Military Adviser. The New York Times. September 29, 2019. November 1, 2021. October 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191014215357/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/29/us/politics/mark-milley-chairman-joint-chiefs.html. live.
  14. Web site: General Mark A. Milley: Commanding General. United States Army. August 27, 2015. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906014951/http://www.forscom.army.mil/cmd_staff/GEN_Milley/GEN_Milley.htm . September 6, 2015.
  15. Web site: From the Director: September, 2015 . Art . Robert . September 1, 2015 . MIT Seminar XXI . . November 11, 2015 . October 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191008201527/http://semxxi.mit.edu/about/messages/from-the-director . live .
  16. Web site: Graham-Ashley . Heather . III Corps' new commander views road ahead, training, support . III Corps and Fort Hood Public Affairs . December 20, 2012 . January 2, 2013 . October 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191008201520/https://www.army.mil/article/93394 . live .
  17. Gal Perl Finkel, The IDF that Eisenkot leaves behind is ready, The Jerusalem Post, January 1, 2019.
  18. http://www.forscom.army.mil/cmd_staff/GEN_Milley/GEN_Milley.htm U.S. Army Forces Command, Commanding General
  19. Web site: Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 114th Congress . October 30, 2021 . October 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211015150510/https://www.congress.gov/114/chrg/shrg24274/CHRG-114shrg24274.pdf . live . Page 579
  20. Web site: Block . Gordon . Fort Drum welcomes new 10th Mountain Division commander at ceremony . Watertown Daily Times . December 4, 2012 . January 2, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203322/http://www.watertowndailytimes.com/article/20121204/NEWS03/712049844 . September 14, 2018 . dead .
  21. Web site: State of New York, Senate Resolution No. 2911. Ritchie. Patricia. January 19, 2012. New York Senate. October 12, 2021. February 21, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170221183110/https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/Senate%20Reso%20Honoring%20MG%20Mark%20A%20Milley_0.pdf. live.
  22. Web site: Milley to relinquish command Monday. November 29, 2012. U.S. Army. Army.mil. October 12, 2021. October 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151026012654/http://www.army.mil/article/92020/Milley_to_relinquish_command_Monday/. live.
  23. Web site: Gen. Mark Milley picked for Army chief of staff. Michelle Tan, Staff writer. May 13, 2015. Army Times. August 17, 2015. September 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918004603/https://www.armytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/05/13/gen-mark-milley-picked-for-army-chief-of-staff/. live.
  24. Web site: III Corps' new commander views road ahead, training, support. Graham-Ashley. Heather. December 20, 2012. Army.mil. October 12, 2021. October 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191008201534/https://www.army.mil/article/93394/iii_corps_new_commander_views_road_ahead_training_support. live.
  25. Web site: III Corps gains new commanding general: Milley confirmed to take command of FORSCOM. August 8, 2012. Fort Hood Public Affairs Office. DVIDS. October 12, 2021. January 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190106084113/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/138783/iii-corps-gains-new-commanding-general-milley-confirmed-take-command-forscom. live.
  26. Web site: Lt. Gen. Mark A. Milley takes command of International Security Assistance Force Joint Command. Caldwell. Jacob. ISAF Joint Command. May 2, 2013. DVIDS. October 12, 2021. September 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210915154732/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/106230/lt-gen-mark-milley-takes-command-international-security-assistance-force-joint-command. live.
  27. Web site: III Corps completes mission in Afghanistan, returns to the waiting arms of family and friends in TX. Scar. Ken. February 11, 2014. Army.mil. October 12, 2021. July 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210717122336/https://www.army.mil/article/119875/iii_corps_completes_mission_in_afghanistan_returns_to_the_waiting_arms_of_family_and_friends_in_tx. live.
  28. Web site: Milley takes FORSCOM colors, Allyn departs Fort Bragg to become Army vice chief. August 18, 2014. Hinnant. Jim. U.S. Army. October 13, 2021. December 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191206125000/https://www.army.mil/article-amp/131856/milley_takes_forscom_colors_allyn_departs_fort_bragg_to_become_army_vice_chief. live.
  29. Web site: Abrams relinquishes command of FORSCOM. Meinhardt. Eve. October 17, 2018. U.S. Army. October 13, 2021. February 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210217212646/https://www.army.mil/article/212549/abrams_relinquishes_command_of_forscom. live.
  30. Web site: Michelle Tan, Staff writer. August 14, 2015. Milley takes over as new chief of staff; Odierno retires. Army Times. August 17, 2015. October 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211010132843/https://www.armytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2015/08/14/milley-takes-over-as-new-chief-of-staff-odierno-retires/. live.
  31. Web site: 39th Chief of Staff Initial Message to the Army. Mark Milley. Army.mil. September 9, 2015. September 25, 2020. April 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200413104601/https://www.army.mil/article/154803/39th_Chief_of_Staff_Initial_Message_to_the_Army. live.
  32. News: Army Chief: Modernization Reform Means New Tanks, Aircraft, Weapons. Matthew. Cox. Military.com. October 10, 2017. September 25, 2020. March 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210314185557/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/10/10/army-chief-modernization-reform-means-new-tanks-aircraft-weapons.html. live.
  33. Web site: Army creates Security Force Assistance Brigade and Military Advisor Training Academy at Fort Benning . February 16, 2017 . Army.mil . September 25, 2020 . January 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210124064910/https://www.army.mil/article/182646/army_creates_security_force_assistance_brigade_and_military_advisor_training_academy_at_fort_benning . live .
  34. News: Army Chief: Train and Advise Troops 'Are Not Special Forces'. Matthew. Cox. Military.com. October 9, 2017. September 25, 2020. December 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224054928/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/10/09/army-chief-train-advise-troops-not-special-forces.html. live.
  35. Web site: 2018-06-14 . Authority Transfers Begin to Army Futures Command . 2023-11-26 . AUSA . en.
  36. Web site: Cox . Matthew . 2018-07-13 . It's Official: Austin Is Home of New Army Futures Command . 2023-11-26 . Military.com . en.
  37. Web site: Barone . Chelsea . 2018-08-07 . The Army Futures Command Finds a Home in Austin, TX . 2023-11-26 . Modern Battlespace . en-US.
  38. Web site: Jr . Sydney J. Freedberg . 2018-05-07 . Permanent Evolution: SecArmy Esper On Futures Command (EXCLUSIVE) . 2023-11-26 . Breaking Defense . en-US.
  39. Web site: Army secretary: New fitness test measures combat readiness . 2023-11-26 . Joint Base San Antonio . en-US.
  40. Web site: New Fitness Test Measures Combat Readiness, Army Secretary Says . 2023-11-26 . U.S. Department of Defense . en-US.
  41. Web site: New Army Combat Fitness Test holds pilot program in Winterville. March 7, 2019. October 29, 2020. February 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200206063332/https://www.wnct.com/news/new-army-combat-fitness-test-holds-pilot-program-in-winterville/. live.
  42. Web site: Army Chief: Pass New Combat Fitness Test or 'Hit the Road'. Military.com. October 8, 2018. October 29, 2020. March 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210314184305/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/10/08/army-chief-pass-new-combat-fitness-test-or-hit-road.html. live.
  43. Web site: Army Close to Finalizing Pinks and Greens Uniform for All Soldiers. November 3, 2017. November 5, 2020. January 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210123062428/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/11/03/army-close-finalizing-pinks-greens-uniform-all-soldiers.html. live.
  44. Pink and Green Uniform. Stand-to. January 10, 2018. P. E. O.. Soldier.
  45. Web site: Poll: Army Times readers are all the way in for 'pinks & greens,' but the comments section tells another story. October 7, 2018. November 5, 2020. September 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918004605/https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2018/10/05/poll-army-times-readers-are-all-the-way-in-for-pinks-greens-but-the-comments-section-tells-another-story/. live.
  46. Web site: U.S. Army to roll out new Army Greens uniform. November 11, 2018 . November 5, 2020. March 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210319211816/https://www.army.mil/article/213650. live.
  47. Web site: Cox . Matthew . 2018-11-19 . Soldiers to Get New Greens Uniform in 2020 After Army Finalizes Design . 2023-11-26 . Military.com . en.
  48. News: The Army Stymied Its Own Study of the Iraq War. Michael R.. Gordon. The Wall Street Journal. October 22, 2018. July 10, 2019. December 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201208145507/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-army-ordered-an-unvarnished-iraq-war-historythen-let-it-languish-1540220153. live.
  49. Web site: Army's detailed Iraq war study remains unpublished years after completion. Todd. South. October 25, 2018. Army Times. July 10, 2019. September 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918004604/https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2018/10/25/armys-detailed-iraq-war-study-remains-unpublished-years-after-completion/. live.
  50. The U.S. Army in the Iraq War, 2003–2006: Invasion, Insurgency, Civil War. 1. U.S. Army War College Press. January 17, 2019. June 5, 2020. November 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191123095420/https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/3667.pdf. dead.
  51. The U.S. Army in the Iraq War, 2007–2011: Surge and Withdrawal. 2. U.S. Army War College Press. January 17, 2019. June 5, 2020. October 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191026152707/https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/3668.pdf. live.
  52. News: Todd. South. Army's long-awaited Iraq war study finds Iran was the only winner in a conflict that holds many lessons for future wars. Army Times. January 18, 2019. June 5, 2020. September 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918004605/https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/01/18/armys-long-awaited-iraq-war-study-finds-iran-was-the-only-winner-in-a-conflict-that-holds-many-lessons-for-future-wars/. live.
  53. Web site: Ahmed. Nameez. U.S. Military Could Collapse Within 20 Years Due to Climate Change, Report Commissioned By Pentagon Says. October 24, 2019. November 1, 2021. VICE. September 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200928225814/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mbmkz8/us-military-could-collapse-within-20-years-due-to-climate-change-report-commissioned-by-pentagon-says. live.
  54. Implications of Climate Change for the U.S. Army. August 2019. U.S. Army War College. July 2, 2020. March 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210305083954/https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/implications-of-climate-change-for-us-army_army-war-college_2019.pdf. live.
  55. News: Cooper. Helene. Wars, Pandemic, Insurrection, U.F.O.s: Gen. Mark Milley's Term Had It All. October 27, 2023. April 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028181724/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/us/politics/general-mark-milley-trump-biden.html. October 28, 2023. The New York Times.
  56. Web site: Hirsh. Michael. December 20, 2018. Mattis Quits Over Differences With Trump. July 25, 2020. foreignpolicy.com. January 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210123121421/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/20/mattis-quits-over-differences-with-trump-defense-secretary/. live.
  57. Web site: Mehta. Aaron. July 25, 2019. Senate confirms Milley as chairman of the Joint Chiefs. July 25, 2020. Defense News. September 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918004605/https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2019/07/25/milley-confirmation/. live.
  58. Web site: Donald Trump makes it official: Gen. Mark Milley to chair Joint Chiefs of Staff. USA Today. December 8, 2018. July 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190711095359/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/12/08/trump-says-gen-mark-milley-chair-joint-chiefs-staff/2249369002/. live.
  59. News: Bowman . Tom . Meet Mark Milley, Trump's Pick For Joint Chiefs Chairman . December 8, 2019 . . October 1, 2019 . October 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191004024153/https://www.npr.org/2018/12/08/674935309/meet-mark-milley-trumps-pick-for-joint-chiefs-chairman . live .
  60. Web site: Milley, America's Top General, Walks Into a Political Battle. Helene Cooper. Eric Schmitt. Thomas Gibbons-Neff. June 5, 2020. June 30, 2021. The New York Times. June 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210630063416/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/05/us/politics/protests-milley-trump.html. live.
  61. News: Cooper. Helene. Schmitt. Eric. Gibbons-Neff. Thomas. June 5, 2020. Milley, America's Top General, Walks Into a Political Battle. A-13. The New York Times. New York, NY. June 26, 2021. June 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210630063416/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/05/us/politics/protests-milley-trump.html. live.
  62. Web site: July 25, 2019. On the Nomination (Confirmation: General Mark A. Milley to be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). United States Senate. Senate.gov. July 25, 2019. August 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190804173431/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00230. live.
  63. Web site: Macias. Amanda. September 30, 2019. Trump oversees swearing-in of Gen. Mark Milley as the new chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. October 1, 2019. CNBC. October 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191014054958/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/30/trump-watches-as-gen-mark-milley-becomes-chairman-of-joint-chiefs.html. live.
  64. Web site: Babb. Carla. September 30, 2019. New Top US Military Officer Takes Helm Amid Iran Tensions, Afghan Violence. October 1, 2019. Voice of America. October 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191001173620/https://www.voanews.com/usa/new-top-us-military-officer-takes-helm-amid-iran-tensions-afghan-violence. live.
  65. Web site: Baldor. Lolita C.. September 30, 2019. Gen. Milley faces challenges as next Joint Chiefs chairman. October 1, 2019. Associated Press. October 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191001191133/https://apnews.com/58a1cfe95c50432e9e0964f7f075211d. live.
  66. News: Golby. Jim. October 1, 2019. President Trump tapped Gen. Mark Milley as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Here are 3 things to know.. October 1, 2019. The Washington Post. October 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191002140718/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/01/president-trump-tapped-gen-mark-milley-chairman-joint-chiefs-staff-here-are-things-know/. live.
  67. News: Casert . Raf . Carlson, Mark . WWII allies, Germany mark 75 yrs since Battle of the Bulge . . December 16, 2019 . November 1, 2021 . November 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211103230526/https://apnews.com/article/belgium-luxembourg-us-news-ap-top-news-mark-esper-754480954e9587acd887dde548edf2b8 . live .
  68. Web site: Garamone. Jim. Top U.S., Russian Military Leaders Meet to Improve Mutual Communication. U.S. Department of Defense. December 18, 2019. November 1, 2021. November 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211103230527/https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2043133/top-us-russian-military-leaders-meet-to-improve-mutual-communication/. live.
  69. News: Detsch . Jack . Intel: Top US and Russian generals link up to talk Syria . December 18, 2019 . . December 27, 2019 . March 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210314184316/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/12/russia-us-generals-talk-syria-military-gerasimov-milley.html . live .
  70. News: Seligman. Lara. Top general did not give his consent to be used in Trump political ad. 2020-10-29. Politico. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126052043/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/12/top-general-trump-ad-consent-429112. live.
  71. News: Eyan . Missy . As election nears, Pentagon leaders' goal of staying out of elections is tested . . October 14, 2020 . November 1, 2021 . January 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126221616/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/as-election-nears-pentagon-leaders-goal-of-staying-out-of-elections-is-tested/2020/10/14/cbf20c6a-0e2a-11eb-bfcf-b1893e2c51b4_story.html . live .
  72. News: The crackdown before Trump's photo op: How law enforcement cleared protesters outside the White House. 2020-06-11. The Washington Post. February 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215211941/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2020/06/08/timeline-trump-church-photo-op/?arc404=true. live.
  73. News: 2020. Pentagon Distances Leaders From Trump Photo Op. U.S. News & World Report. June 2, 2020. February 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215212307/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2020-06-02/pentagon-distances-esper-milley-from-trumps-church-photo-op. live.
  74. News: Schmitt. Eric. Cooper. Helene. Gibbons-Neff. Thomas. Haberman. Maggie. June 3, 2020. Esper Breaks With Trump on Using Troops Against Protesters. The New York Times. June 4, 2020. 0362-4331. June 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200626201528/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/us/politics/esper-milley-trump-protest.html. live.
  75. Web site: Trump's church photo-op took Esper, Milley by surprise. June 2, 2020. NBC News. June 2, 2020. June 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200603151927/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-s-church-photo-op-took-defense-secretary-esper-gen-n1222391. live.
  76. Web site: Spinelli. Dan. Top general defends his actions after appearing in Trump photo op. June 2, 2020. Mother Jones. January 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210117071018/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/06/top-general-defends-his-actions-after-appearing-in-trump-photo-op/. live.
  77. Web site: Mark Milley, US general who stood up to Trump, founders over Kabul strike. Borgen. Julian. September 18, 2021. The Guardian. October 30, 2021. October 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211024132136/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/18/mark-milley-us-general-who-stood-up-to-trump-founders-over-kabul-strike. live.
  78. Web site: Gen. Mark Milley fumed that he was 'fucking done with this shit' after Trump used him to stage a photo op during George Floyd protests: book. September 16, 2021. Sheth. Sonam. Business Insider. October 30, 2021. September 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210922192453/https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-fucking-done-shit-trump-bible-photo-lafayette-george-floyd-2021-9. live.
  79. Book: Woodward. Bob. Costa. Robert. Peril. 170–171. Simon & Schuster. September 21, 2021. 978-1-982182-91-5.
  80. News: Mehta . Aaron . House Armed Services Committee, Pentagon clash over Esper and Milley testimony . . June 7, 2020 . October 31, 2021 . June 8, 2020 . https://archive.today/20200608155739/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/06/05/esper-milley-wont-testify-before-the-house/ . live .
  81. News: Bowman . Tom . Esper And Milley Testify On Military's Role in Handling Recent Protests . . July 9, 2020 . October 31, 2021 . November 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201119080655/https://www.npr.org/2020/07/09/889502158/esper-and-milley-testify-on-militarys-role-in-handling-recent-protests . live .
  82. https://katiecouric.com/news/mark-milley-trump-resignation-letter/ Mark Milley’s Scathing, Never-Sent Resignation Letter to Trump
  83. Web site: Joint Chiefs Chairman Milley discussed resigning over role in Trump's church photo op. 2020-06-17. NBC News. Courtney. Kube. Carol E.. Lee. June 11, 2020. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308172649/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/joint-chiefs-chairman-milley-discussed-resigning-over-role-trump-s-n1230116//. live.
  84. News: 'I should not have been there,' General Milley says about the Trump photo op. . . June 12, 2020 . October 31, 2021 . March 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308230902/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/george-floyd-protests.html#link-24a6c80d . live .
  85. Web site: Jamie. Gangel. Jeremy. Herb. Marshall. Cohen. Elizabeth. Stuart. 'They're not going to f**king succeed': Top generals feared Trump would attempt a coup after election, according to new book. CNN. July 15, 2021. September 19, 2021. September 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210919040105/https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/14/politics/donald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt/index.html. live.
  86. Web site: July 14, 2021. Joint Chiefs chairperson feared potential 'Reichstag moment' aimed at keeping Trump in power. The Seattle Times. July 15, 2021. July 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210716021532/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/joint-chiefs-chairperson-feared-potential-reichstag-moment-aimed-at-keeping-trump-in-power/. live.
  87. News: Forgey . Quint . July 15, 2021 . Trump denies coup attempt in latest attack on Milley . . July 15, 2021 . July 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210722012106/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/15/trump-deny-coup-mark-milley-499763 . live .
  88. Web site: January 12, 2021. Memorandum for the Joint Force. live. September 17, 2021. The United States Joint Chiefs of Staff. March 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210318001110/https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/JCS%20Message%20to%20the%20Joint%20Force%20JAN%2012%2021.pdf.
  89. Web site: Military Joint Chiefs statement condemning 'sedition and insurrection' at US Capitol. CNN. January 12, 2021. September 17, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113212540/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/12/politics/joint-chiefs-memo-capitol-insurrection/index.html. live.
  90. Web site: January 12, 2021. Top military leaders condemn 'sedition and insurrection' at Capitol, acknowledge Biden win. CNBC. Amanda. Macias. September 17, 2021. January 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210113045439/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/12/top-military-leaders-condemn-sedition-and-insurrection-at-capitol-acknowledge-biden-win.html. live.
  91. Web site: Coleman. Justine. 2021-03-03. Joint Chiefs chairman: Military response on Jan. 6 was 'super fast'. 2021-04-02. The Hill. April 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210402214628/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/541343-joint-chiefs-chairman-military-response-on-jan-6-was-super-fast. live.
  92. Web site: Williams. Jordan. 2021-04-28. Pelosi pushes back on Joint Chiefs chairman's account of Guard deployment on Jan. 6. 2021-04-29. The Hill. April 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210429160352/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/550748-pelosi-pushes-back-on-joint-chiefs-chairmans-account-of-guard-deployment-on. live.
  93. Web site: Swan. Jonathan. Inside the crisis surrounding Gen. Mark Milley. September 15, 2021. Axios. September 15, 2021. September 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210917082908/https://www.axios.com/mark-milley-woodward-trump-crisis-bb8a80b1-3e3a-492b-934a-99825cc6ef7f.html. live.
  94. Web site: Kube. Courtney. Report: China may have 700 nukes by 2027, had feared war with U.S. in 2020. NBC News. November 3, 2021. November 4, 2021. November 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211103230531/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/china-has-upped-nuke-production-worried-u-s-would-start-n1283096. live.
  95. News: Martinez . Luis . Seyler . Matt . Milley defends calls to China amid concerns about Trump . . September 28, 2021 . September 30, 2021 . October 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211014045132/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/milley-defends-calls-china-amid-concerns-trump/story?id=80279037 . live .
  96. News: Stanley-Becker . Isaac . Top general was so fearful Trump might spark war that he made secret calls to his Chinese counterpart, new book says . September 16, 2021 . . September 14, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210915233648/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/09/14/peril-woodward-costa-trump-milley-china/ . September 15, 2021 . live .
  97. News: Why Milley secretly secured nuclear codes, called China in final days of Trump presidency . . September 14, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210920012905/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-milley-secretly-secured-nuclear-codes-called-china-in-final-days-of-trump-presidency . live .
  98. News: Schmidt . Michael . Cullen . Matthew . Fears That Trump Might Launch a Strike Prompted General to Reassure China, Book Says . September 16, 2021 . . September 14, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210915142745/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/14/us/politics/peril-woodward-book-trump.html . September 15, 2021 . live .
  99. News: Lubold. Gordon. 2021-09-17. Mark Milley Says Calls to Chinese General Were Within His Duties. The Wall Street Journal. 2021-09-18. 0099-9660. September 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210920002232/https://www.wsj.com/articles/mark-milley-says-calls-to-chinese-general-were-within-his-duties-11631878596. live.
  100. Web site: Katie Bo. Williams. Office of Trump's defense secretary held call with China on January 6, two days before Milley's controversial call. 2021-09-18. CNN. September 17, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921031944/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/trump-defense-secretary-call-china-milley/index.html. live.
  101. News: Pentagon, White House mobilize defense of Milley amid criticism over China calls. Katie Bo. Williams. Jeremy. Herb. CNN. September 16, 2021. September 17, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921025711/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/milley-woodward-china-trump/index.html. live.
  102. News: Milley calls with Chinese counterpart 'were not secret': US officials. Jennifer. Griffin. Singman. Brooke. September 15, 2021. Fox News. September 16, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921084230/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/milley-calls-with-chinese-counterpart-were-not-secret-us-officials. live.
  103. Web site: Veronica. Stracqualursi. Wall Street Journal: Milley defends calls to China during Trump presidency as 'perfectly' within his duties. September 18, 2021. CNN. September 17, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921075308/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/mark-milley-defends-china-calls-trump/index.html. live.
  104. Web site: Claims that Milley made 'secret' calls to Chinese leaders exaggerated, sources say. Politico. Lara. Seligman. Daniel. Lippman. September 15, 2021. September 17, 2021. September 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210920180139/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/15/claims-that-milley-made-secret-calls-to-chinese-leaders-exaggerated-sources-say-511918. live.
  105. Web site: Singman. Brooke. September 15, 2021. Trump acting Defense Secretary Miller says he 'did not' authorize Milley China calls, says he should resign. September 18, 2021. Fox News. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921155902/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-acting-defense-sec-miller-says-he-did-not-authorize-milley-china-calls-says-he-should-resign. live.
  106. Web site: Biden has 'great confidence' in Milley after secret actions in Trump's final months . Karl . Jonathan . Gittleson . Ben . . September 15, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210921025523/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-great-confidence-milley-secret-actions-trumps-final/story?id=80040052 . live .
  107. News: Horton . Alex . Demirjian . Karoun . Wagner . John . Milley defends calls made to his Chinese counterpart, saying they were sanctioned and briefed across the administration . . September 28, 2021 . September 30, 2021 . October 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211001132558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/general-milley-china-calls/2021/09/28/2b319e44-2099-11ec-8200-5e3fd4c49f5e_story.html . live .
  108. Web site: Biden backs top general Milley after reported 'secret' calls with China. September 15, 2021. Reuters. September 16, 2021. September 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210917100523/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/top-us-generals-calls-with-china-did-not-go-around-civilian-leaders-spokesman-2021-09-15/. live.
  109. Web site: Top US military official defends phone calls to Chinese counterpart made during final days of Trump presidency. Delaney. Robert. 2021-09-28. South China Morning Post. September 30, 2021. October 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211013101555/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3150486/top-us-military-official-defends-phone-calls-chinese-counterpart-during. live.
  110. Web site: Gen. Milley says he wasn't trying to undermine Trump in China call. Teaganne. Finn. September 28, 2021. NBC News. September 30, 2021. October 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211013233442/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/gen-milley-defends-call-china-says-he-wasn-t-trying-n1280239. live.
  111. Web site: Lemire . Jonathan . Burns . Robert . Milley defends calls to Chinese as effort to avoid conflict . . September 15, 2021 . September 20, 2021 . September 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210921032046/https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-china-united-states-michael-pence-joint-chiefs-of-staff-caba520490ba574393f1cb6d1e961dba . live .
  112. Web site: Mark. Moore. Juliegrace. Brufke. September 16, 2021. Freedom Caucus demands Lloyd Austin probe Mark Milley's calls to China. September 18, 2021. New York Post. September 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918055113/https://nypost.com/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-austin-probe-milley-calls-to-chinafreedom-caucus-demands-lloyd-austin-probe-mark/. live.
  113. Web site: Hertling. Mark. Retired General: General Milley did his job. 2021-09-17. CNN. September 17, 2021. September 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918142404/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/16/opinions/milley-woodward-costa-book-hertling/index.html. live.
  114. Web site: Metzger. Bryan. Republicans call Gen. Mark Milley 'traitor,' and say he should be fired or court-martialed for a report that he secretly intervened to avoid war with China. September 15, 2021. 2021-09-17. Business Insider. September 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210920220631/https://www.businessinsider.com/republicans-milley-fired-resign-court-martialed-treason-china-trump-call-2021-9. live.
  115. Web site: Trump calls Milley story 'fake news'. Mychael. Schnell. September 14, 2021. The Hill. September 15, 2021. September 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918014014/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572292-trump-calls-milley-story-fake-news. live.
  116. News: Asawin. Suebsaeng. Adam. Rawnsley. September 14, 2021. Trump Calls Allies to Demand Gen. Mark Milley Be 'Arrested' for 'Treason'. The Daily Beast. September 15, 2021. September 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210917081152/https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-calls-allies-to-demand-gen-mark-milley-be-arrested-for-treason. live.
  117. Web site: Beals. Monique. September 14, 2021. Rubio demands Biden fire Milley. 2021-09-15. The Hill. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921113041/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572267-rubio-demands-biden-fire-gen-milley. live.
  118. News: New disclosures show how Gen. Mark A. Milley tried to check Trump. They could also further politicize the military.. The Washington Post. 2021-09-18. 0190-8286. August 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220814220516/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/milley-biden-trump-military-politics/2021/09/16/84e4e6aa-1700-11ec-ae9a-9c36751cf799_story.html. live.
  119. News: Sonam . Sheth . Trump impeachment witness Alexander Vindman says Gen. Mark Milley 'must resign' following report that he called his Chinese counterpart to avoid war with China . . September 15, 2021 . October 1, 2021 . October 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006020457/https://www.businessinsider.com/alexander-vindman-calls-mark-milley-resign-china-calls-woodward-book-2021-9 . live .
  120. Web site: Freedom Caucus demands that Mark Milley's calls to China be investigated . Securebooks.in . September 16, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . October 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211003123607/https://securebooks.in/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-that-mark-milleys-calls-to-china-be-investigated/ . dead .
  121. RepScottPerry . 1438534782296760326 . For the security of our Nation, @secdef must formally investigate Gen. Milley. He now has a letter demanding a formal Article 15-6 Investigation. No matter how many stars are on your shoulders, you're never above your oath to support and defend the Constitution.. September 16, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210917141514/https://twitter.com/RepScottPerry/status/1438534782296760326 . September 17, 2021 . October 2, 2021 .
  122. News: Boot . Max . Opinion: Milley acted to prevent Trump from creating a disaster. But don't expect future generals to save us. . . September 14, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . September 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210917051927/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/14/milley-acted-prevent-trump-creating-disaster-dont-expect-future-generals-save-us/ . live .
  123. News: Boot . Max . Max Boot . Opinion: Milley deserves an apology from all the Republicans who accused him of 'treason' . . September 14, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . September 30, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210930124230/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/29/milley-deserves-an-apology-all-republicans-who-accused-him-treason/ . live .
  124. Web site: Trump, Republicans call Gen. Mark Milley 'treasonous' for calls with China . Brown . Matthew . Vanden Brook . Tom . . September 15, 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210917102833/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/09/15/trump-rubio-accuse-general-milley-treason-over-woodward-expose/8346958002/ . live .
  125. Web site: Betsy . Klein . Oren . Liebermann . Donald . Judd . Biden says he has 'great confidence' in Gen. Mark Milley after new reports. September 15, 2021. CNN. September 15, 2021. September 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212830/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/white-house-defends-milley/index.html. live.
  126. Web site: Stewart . Phil . Zengerle . Patricia . Under fierce Republican attack, U.S. General Milley defends calls with China . . September 29, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . October 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010003722/https://www.reuters.com/world/top-us-general-milley-staunchly-defends-calls-with-china-2021-09-28/ . live .
  127. Web site: John Bolton defends Milley's 'unquestioned' patriotism as Trump world rages. John. Bowden. September 16, 2021. The Independent. September 17, 2021. September 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918130330/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/bolton-milley-china-call-b1921476.html. live.
  128. Web site: Webcast: Armed Forces Farewell Tribute in Honor of General Mark A. Milley and an Armed Forces Hail in Honor of General Charles Q. Brown Jr.. September 29, 2023. DVIDS.
  129. Web site: Cooper. Helene. Wars, Pandemic, Insurrection, U.F.O.s: Gen. Mark Milley's Term Had It All. September 27, 2023. September 30, 2023. https://archive.today/20230927151323/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/us/politics/general-mark-milley-trump-biden.html. September 27, 2023. The New York Times.
  130. News: Hall . Kristin M. . Laporta . James . Pritchard . Justin . Top general 'shocked' by AP report on AWOL guns, mulls fix . June 18, 2021 . November 1, 2021 . . June 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210617222634/https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-e2ba30a8314d0642cbe8387fb9f34cae . live .
  131. Web site: Cohn. Alicia. 2021-06-17. Milley downplays report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms. 2021-06-18. The Hill. June 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210618123034/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms. live.
  132. Web site: Cohn. Alicia. 2021-06-17. Milley downplays report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms. 2021-06-30. The Hill. June 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210618123034/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms. live.
  133. News: Ukraine Military Victory Unlikely Soon, Top US General Says . VOA News . November 16, 2022 . January 11, 2023 . January 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230103203501/https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-military-victory-unlikely-soon-top-us-general-says/6837655.html . live .
  134. News: Russia's Losses Give Ukraine an Opening for Negotiations, Top US General Says . . November 16, 2022 . January 11, 2023 . April 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230426202240/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-16/milley-says-russia-s-reverses-give-ukraine-an-opening-for-negotiations . live .
  135. News: Top US general says Russia has already 'lost' the Ukraine war and has paid an 'enormous price on the battlefield' . . February 14, 2023 . March 6, 2023 . March 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230306075634/https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/top-us-general-says-russia-has-already-lost-the-ukraine-war-and-has-paid-an-enormous-price-on-the-battlefield/articleshow/97926139.cms . live .
  136. News: Seligman . Lara . June 30, 2021 . Trump calls on Milley to resign after report of a shouting match between the two . . June 30, 2021 . July 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210701165320/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-milley-shouting-match-resign-497203 . live .
  137. Web site: O'Brien. Connor. Top general fires back at 'offensive' criticism of military being 'woke'. June 23, 2021. October 4, 2021. Politico. June 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210629065255/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/23/top-general-fires-back-criticism-military-woke-495703. live.
  138. News: Top General Defends Studying Critical Race Theory In The Military. June 23, 2021. NPR. Danielle. Kurtzleben. June 23, 2021. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703151832/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/23/1009592838/top-general-defends-studying-critical-race-theory-in-the-military. live.
  139. Web site: Dartunorro. Clark. Mosheh. Gains. Military leaders push back on questions by Rep. Gaetz about critical race theory. June 23, 2021. October 4, 2021. NBC News. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703013230/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/military-leaders-push-back-questions-rep-gaetz-about-critical-race-n1272190. live.
  140. Web site: Woodward/Costa book: Worried Trump could 'go rogue,' Milley took top-secret action to protect nuclear weapons. Jamie. Gangel. Jeremy. Herb. Elizabeth . Stuart. CNN. September 14, 2021. September 14, 2021. September 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210921172812/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/14/politics/woodward-book-trump-nuclear/index.html. live.
  141. Web site: Haltiwanger. John. Milley told Pelosi he's not qualified to determine Trump's 'mental health' when she expressed concern about the former president using nuclear weapons. 2021-09-28. Business Insider. September 30, 2021. October 14, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211014003104/https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-told-pelosi-not-qualified-to-determine-trumps-mental-health-2021-9. live.
  142. Web site: Under fierce Republican attack, US General Milley defends calls with China. 2021-09-29. CNA. September 30, 2021. September 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210930163504/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/under-fierce-republican-attack-us-general-milley-defends-calls-china-2208296. dead.
  143. Web site: Klaas . Brian . Trump Floats the Idea of Executing Joint Chiefs Chairman Milley . The Atlantic . September 25, 2023 . September 28, 2023.
  144. Web site: Macias . Amanda . Trump and GOP Rep. Gosar suggest Joint Chiefs boss Mark Milley deserves death . CNBC . September 25, 2023 . September 28, 2023.
  145. Web site: Chasan . Aliza . Gen. Milley says he has "appropriate" safety measures after Trump social media threat . CBS News . September 27, 2023 . September 28, 2023.
  146. Web site: Milley on Trump suggesting 'execution': Threat to me is threat to entire military . MSNBC.
  147. Web site: 2021-04-20. After years fighting them, Milley talks peace with Taliban. 2021-08-21. AP News. Robert. Burns. August 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821202013/https://apnews.com/article/mark-milley-taliban-peace-talks-5aa10724bbc4df823fd19ad2301837df. live.
  148. Web site: Milley Meets With Taliban In Fragile Peace Negotiations. 2021-08-21. Defense One. December 17, 2020. August 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821201946/https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/12/milley-meets-taliban-fragile-peace-negotiations/170839/. live.
  149. News: Robertson. Nic. June 24, 2021. Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues. CNN. July 26, 2021. July 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190124/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html. live.
  150. News: June 24, 2021. Afghan government could fall within six months of U.S. military withdrawal, new intelligence assessment says. The Washington Post. 0190-8286. July 26, 2021. August 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210803154255/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/afghan-government-could-fall-within-six-months-of-us-military-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says/2021/06/24/42375b14-d52c-11eb-baed-4abcfa380a17_story.html. live.
  151. News: Ali. Idrees. Stewart. Phil. July 21, 2021. Half of all Afghan district centers under Taliban control – U.S. general. Reuters. July 26, 2021. July 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210729163918/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/half-all-afghan-district-centers-under-taliban-control-us-general-2021-07-21/. live.
  152. News: Lara. Jakes. Eric. Schmitt. The latest enemy to U.S. evacuation efforts in Afghanistan: Time. The New York Times. August 25, 2021. January 25, 2022. August 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210831031940/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/25/world/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-biden-news. live.
  153. News: Alfonso. Fernando III. The latest on the Kabul airport attack. CNN. August 28, 2021. September 1, 2021. September 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210902141527/https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-us-news-08-28-21/index.html. dead.
  154. Web site: Melanie Zanona. Republicans split on strategy to make Biden pay a political price for Afghanistan. 2021-08-27. CNN. August 27, 2021. August 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210830164359/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/27/politics/republicans-mccarthy-biden-afghanistan/index.html. live.
  155. News: Borger . Julian . US Afghanistan withdrawal a 'logistical success but strategic failure', Milley says . . September 28, 2021 . September 30, 2021 . October 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211013112227/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/28/afghanistan-withdrawal-gen-mark-milley-senate . live .
  156. News: As Senators Grill Defense Officials on Afghan 'Strategic Failure,' Milley Defends Calls to China . September 30, 2021 . September 29, 2021 . . October 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211006142515/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/09/28/us/senate-hearing . live .
  157. The Chairmanship of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1949–2019. Lowery. Nathan S.. The Chairmanship of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Chiefs of Staff. 6th. 2020. 2690-165X. 223. January 3, 2022. January 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220103153409/https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/History/Dec21/Chairmanship%20of%20the%20JCS%201949-2019.pdf?ver=5Bghr__dy6kkWoDvFv9FQw%3D%3D. live.
  158. Web site: Kennedy. Michelle. 10th Mountain Division welcomes new commanding general. November 10, 2011. January 5, 2022. U.S. Army. January 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220105121816/https://www.army.mil/article/68839/10th_mountain_division_welcomes_new_commanding_general. live.
  159. Web site: Harrison. Bob. Abrams takes charge of FORSCOM as Milley departs to become 39th Army Chief of Staff. August 11, 2015. January 5, 2022. U.S. Army. January 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220105121815/https://www.army.mil/article/153582/abrams_takes_charge_of_forscom_as_milley_departs_to_become_39th_army_chief_of_staff. live.
  160. Web site: Gen. Mark A. Milley, Chief of Staff of the Army. September 19, 2016. January 24, 2020. January 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210120042925/https://www.ausa.org/people/gen-mark-milley-chief-staff-army. live.
  161. 1061674118314147841 . USEmbassyFrance . At today's #ArmisticeDay100 ceremony at Suresnes American Cemetery to honor our fallen heroes, @USEmbassyFrance was privileged to welcome six veterans of WWII. @POTUS thanked each of them for their service. #HonorOurVeterans #VeteransDay2018 #tggf #thegreatestfoundation https://t.co/IqQlyDNAej . U.S. Embassy France . November 11, 2018 . September 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190819084032/https://twitter.com/USEmbassyFrance/status/1061674118314147841 . August 19, 2019 . live.
  162. Web site: Dame Karen . Pierce . Congratulations to the newly announced honorary award recipients! His Majesty King Charles III approved the awards to recognise & salute their contributions to - relations, philanthropy, higher education & diversity in business. .
  163. Web site: President Trump Awards Presidential Commendations to Operation Warp Speed Team – the White House .
  164. News: Allen . Mike . Retired Gen. Mark Milley joins Georgetown, Princeton faculties . . February 13, 2024 . April 19, 2024.
  165. News: Klippenstein . Ken . Gen. Mark Milley's Second Act: Multimillionaire . The Intercept] . March 11, 2024 . April 19, 2024.
  166. Web site: General Mark A. Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . . June 27, 2021 . March 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210319220159/https://www.defense.gov/Our-Story/Biographies/Biography/Article/614392/general-mark-a-milley/ . live .
  167. Web site: 20th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . https://web.archive.org/web/20211004142918/https://www.jcs.mil/About/The-Joint-Staff/Chairman/General-Mark-Alexander-Milley/ . October 4, 2021 . . October 30, 2021.
  168. News: Morgan . Jared . Gen. Milley's wife saved a man's life at the Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington . . November 16, 2020 . October 30, 2021 . October 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211031101319/https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/11/16/gen-milleys-wife-saved-a-mans-life-at-the-veterans-day-wreath-laying-ceremony-at-arlington/ . live .
  169. News: Kube . Courtney . Gen. Milley's wife saved vet who collapsed at Veterans Day ceremony in Arlington . . November 16, 2020 . October 30, 2021 . August 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817032653/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/gen-milley-s-wife-saved-vet-who-collapsed-veterans-day-n1247641 . live .
  170. News: Milley . Mark A. . Schmidt . Eric . 2024-08-05 . America Isn’t Ready for the Wars of the Future . 2024-08-05 . Foreign Affairs . en-US . 0015-7120.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mark Milley".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.