Operation Atalanta Explained

Conflict:Operation Atalanta
Partof:counter-piracy efforts off the Horn of Africa
Date:8 December 2008 – present
Place:Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean
Result:Ongoing
Combatant2:Somali pirates
Commander2:Unknown
Strength1:(normally)
Strength2:Unknown

Operation Atalanta, formally European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Somalia, is an ongoing counter-piracy military operation at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean, that is the first naval operation conducted by the European Union (EU), in support of United Nations resolutions 1814, 1816, 1838, and 1846 adopted in 2008 by the United Nations Security Council. Since 29 March 2019,[1] the operational headquarters is located at Naval Station Rota (NAVSTA Rota) in Spain, having moved from London as a result of the British withdrawal from the EU.[2]

It is part of a larger global action by the EU to prevent and combat acts of piracy in the Indian Ocean, and it is the first EU naval operation to be launched.[3] It cooperates with the multinational Combined Task Force 151 of the US-led Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) and NATO's anti-piracy Operation Ocean Shield.

The mission was launched in December 2008 with a focus on protecting Somalia-bound vessels and shipments belonging to the WFP and AMISOM, as well as select other vulnerable shipments. In addition, Operation Atalanta monitors fishing activity on the regional seaboard.[4] In 2012, the scope of the mission expanded to include Somali coastal territories and internal waters so as to co-ordinate counter-piracy operations with Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and regional administrations.[5] On 16 July 2012, the EU also mandated the EUCAP Nestor mission to build up the maritime capacity of regional navies.[6]

In July 2018, the Council of the European Union extended the Mandate of Operation ATALANTA until December 2020.

On 1 January 2021, the Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/2188 of 22 December 2020 that extended again the mandate of the EU NAVFOR Somalia Operation ATALANTA for another two years was implemented.

Overview

Under EU Council Joint Action 851, which is based on various UN resolutions, Operation ATALANTA:

The Operation's mission evolved over its first ten years. On 8 December 2009, monitoring of fishing activity was formally added to the mandate. Although it took time for the data to lead to direct legal consequences, DG MARE has subsequently used the information EU NAVFOR provides to build sanctions cases against foreign governments. On 17 December 2018 the EU Council granted permission for EU NAVFOR to share data on forms of maritime crime other than piracy with INTERPOL and EUROPOL.

Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/2188 extended the mandate of the EU NAVFOR Somalia Op. ATALANTA for another two years until the end of 2022.With this latest mandate extension, besides operation's core tasks, there were included some non-executive secondary tasks:

Finally, the new mandate includes the possibility to activate as an executive secondary task, the contribution to the disruption of drug and weapons trafficking inside EU NAVFOR Somalia area of operations.

Located in Brest (FR) and depending on the Headquarters of Operation ATALANTA, is the Maritime Security Centre – Horn of Africa (MSCHOA),[7] an initiative established by the European Union Naval Force, with close co-operation from industry. The MSCHOA centre provides 24-hour manned monitoring of vessels transiting through the Gulf of Aden, whilst the provision of an interactive website enables the centre to communicate the latest anti-piracy guidance to industry and for Shipping Companies and operators to register their movements through the region.

Participation in EU NAVFOR goes beyond EU member states. Norway was the first non-EU country to contribute to the Operation, with a warship in 2009. Thereafter Croatia (pre-Accession), Montenegro, Serbia, Ukraine and the Republic of Korea have provided staff officers either to the Operational Headquarters (OHQ) or to the Force Headquarters (FHQ). Ukraine contributed a warship early in 2014, and New Zealand contributed an MPRA asset (a Lockheed P-3 Orion of No. 5 Squadron RNZAF) later the same year.[8] The Republic of Korea formally joined EU NAVFOR on 27 February 2017.

Around 700 personnel are involved in ATALANTA, with the size of the force typically varying between 1–6 surface combat vessels and 1–3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft. In 2019, the budget was around €5 million for the common costs of the mandate.For 2021 the budget will be €4.4 million for the common costs of the mandate.

The operation takes its name from the mythological Greek heroine Atalanta.[9]

Judicial international co-operation to end impunity

Piracy has to be understood as organised criminal activity occurring at sea. It is organised on land, with kidnapping crews and ships for ransom as the business model. Prosecution of piracy suspects is a key component of the overall fight against piracy. The EU NAVFOR seeks, where possible, a legal finish. Transfers of suspect pirates for trial to competent authorities remain necessary to put an end to impunity in the Indian Ocean.

The EU is assisting the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in their work to establish sufficient conditions to allow fair and efficient piracy trials in Somalia. The EU is the largest contributor to the UNODC counter-piracy programme. In the short term, transfers for trial from EU NAVFOR ships remain necessary to put an end to impunity in the Indian Ocean.

Prelude

The Transitional Federal Government of Somalia wrote to the President of the United Nations Security Council asking for international help to fight piracy and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia. In June 2008, the Council unanimously passed Resolution 1816 authorising nations that have the agreement of the Transitional Federal Government to enter Somali territorial waters to deal with pirates. The measure, which was sponsored by France, the United States and Panama, was to last six months. France initially wanted the resolution to include other regions with pirate problems, such as West Africa, but were opposed by Vietnam, Libya and China, who wanted the sovereignty infringement limited to Somalia.[10]

Highlights

Operation Atalanta formally commenced on 8 December 2008 in accordance with the mandate laid down in UNSC Resolution 1814.

On 1 January 2009, eight Somali suspects were captured by the French aviso French: [[French aviso Premier-Maître L'Her|Premier-Maître L'Her]] as they attempted to seize a Panamanian-registered cargo ship some 50 nautical miles south of Yemen.[11]

On 14 April 2009, the French frigate French: [[French frigate Nivôse|Nivôse]] (F 732), attached to Operation Atalanta, captured 11 suspected pirates, together with their mother ship and two skiffs, in an EU NAVFOR focused operation carried out in the Indian Ocean. The French ship responded to the distress message by the 21,000 tonne Liberia-flagged which came under small arms and RPG attack from two skiffs operating from a pirate mother ship. The warship deployed its helicopter, which quickly arrived on the scene, to deter the hijacking and shadow the mother vessel until the frigate arrived.[12]

On 26 May 2009, the EU Naval Task Force vessel HSwMS Malmö responded to a distress call from the European cargo vessel and apprehended seven suspected pirates.[13]

From 5 to 7 March 2010, forces from France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden were in action; the French frigate French: Nivôse secured its "biggest seizure" to-date in a vital shipping lane off the coast of Somalia, with 35 pirates arrested and four mother ships seized in three days.[14]

In May 2010, there were a number of incidents in the area. The Russian destroyer freed the 106,474-ton, which was about 350 miles east of Socotra, transporting crude oil from Sudan to China. Two days later, however, Russia's Defense Ministry said it had proved impossible to establish the pirates' citizenship or to establish legal grounds for prosecuting, therefore the pirates were returned to their boat and set free.[15] In another incident, a Swedish aircraft attached to the EU Naval Force, the French warship French: [[French frigate La Fayette|La Fayette]] and the Dutch warship collaborated in the spotting and capturing of a pirate action group composed of a whaler and two skiffs, about 400 miles northwest of the Seychelles. Reports on these incidents, citing other news reports, concluded that pirates were holding almost 20 vessels and about 300 crew members.[16]

In September 2011, marines from the Spanish landing platform dock rescued the French citizen Evelyn Colombo. She had been kidnapped from the French yacht Tribal Kat, and her husband Christian killed while trying to protect her.[17]

In November 2012, Marines from the Spanish corvette liberated 21 Pakistani sailors from the trawler Arabic: Al Talal, who had been kidnapped, detaining 9 pirates.[18]

On 15 May 2012, EU naval forces conducted their first raid on pirate bases on the Somali mainland as part of the operation, saying they "destroyed several boats". The forces were transported by helicopter to the pirate bases near the port of Harardhere. The attack was carried out overnight, and, according to the European forces, no local residents were hurt during the mission.[19]

On 24 October 2014, the first non-European third state asset integrated into EU NAVFOR when New Zealand provided a P-3 Orion of 5 Squadron RNZAF.

On 27 October 2016, following an appeal from the President of Puntland direct to the Operational Headquarters, diverted to the Puntland coast in the first EU NAVFOR show of force against violent extremist organisations when the coastal town of Qandala was overrun by ISIS sympathisers.

In November 2017, a six crew member motor whaler acting as mother ship, and a skiff attacked a 52,000 tonne container ship and a fishing vessel in the Southern Somali Basin. The suspected pirates were apprehended by the Italian Marines from the after their vessels were located using Virginio Fasan SH-90 helicopter, following initial searches by the Spanish Maritime patrol aircraft Cisne.

On 27 October 2018, EU NAVFOR destroyed a whaler that took part on a boarding attempt against the on 16 October to prevent it being used for pirate acts.

In April 2019, several piracy incidents took place involving different shipping vessels and a Yemeni dhow where captured off the coast of Somalia. On 21 April, EU NAVFOR dispatched its Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPRAs) and conducted a search in the area, resulting in identifying the mothership dhow. On 23 April, in collaboration with its MPRAs, EU NAVFOR's flagship, the, successfully intercepted and boarded the captured dhow vessel. EU NAVFOR apprehended five suspected pirates, and the 23 hostages aboard the hijacked were released unharmed.

In March 2024, a vessel was deployed to track the hijacked MV Abdullah off the coats of Somalia.[20]

Deployed units

Vessels

The following vessels were part of EU NAVFOR's fleet in Operation Atalanta. Operation Atalanta has the task force designator Task Force 465.[21]

CountryVesselTypeHelicopterNotes
CanariasSanta María-class frigateSH-60Flagship
Virginio FasanBergamini-class frigateNH90 capableDeployed during Operation Prosperity Guardian[22]

Aircraft

As of May 2021 the following aircraft were deployed with the European Union Naval Force – Operation Atalanta.[23]

CountryAircraftType
Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft
ScanEagleUnmanned Aerial System(UAS)

Vessels and aircraft in former rotation periods

The following vessels have, among others, been committed to the Operation .[24] [25]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 23 November 2023. La Base de Rota (Cádiz) acoge la celebración por los 15 años del inicio de la operación Atalanta de la Unión Europea. es. Europa Press.
  2. Web site: 2018-07-30 . EU piracy force to leave UK post-Brexit . 2022-05-29 . BBC News . en-GB.
  3. Operation Sophia in Uncharted Waters: European and International Law Challenges for the EU Naval Mission in the Mediterranean Sea. Butler. Graham. Ratcovich. Martin. July 2016. Nordic Journal of International Law. 85 . 3 . 235–259 . The first EU naval mission, Operation Atalanta, launched in 2008 is still an active operation that has had its mandated extended to meet the need for its continuance.. 10.1163/15718107-08503003.
  4. Web site: Mission . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 16 January 2011.
  5. News: EU Extends Counter-piracy Operations Off Somalia By Two More Years. RTT News. 23 March 2012.
  6. News: GGI Analysis: The Somali crisis and the EU . Global Governance Institute . 24 July 2012 . unfit . https://web.archive.org/web/20130402205646/http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html . 2 April 2013 .
  7. Web site: MSCHOA . MSCHOA . 2021-11-20.
  8. Web site: Lithuania will take part in the EU counterpiracy Operation ATALANTA . 4 January 2011 . Ministry of National Defense Republic of Lithuania . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160604204312/http://www.kam.lt/en/news_1098/current_issues/lithuania_will_take_part_in_the_eu_counterpiracy_operation_atalanta.html . 4 June 2016 . dead .
  9. Web site: OPERATION ATALANTA, THE EUROPEAN UNION NAVAL FORCE FOR SOMALIA TAKES STOCK AFTER 13 YEARS OPERATING . European External Action Service . 8 July 2024 . 10 September 2021 . The EU launched Operation Atalanta, named after the mythological Greek huntress, in December 2008 as a collective initiative of its Member States....
  10. News: 2008-06-02 . Navies to tackle Somali pirates . en-GB . 2022-05-29.
  11. News: 2009-01-02 . France captures 'Somali pirates' . 2022-05-29.
  12. Web site: Maritime Security Centre (EU). https://archive.today/20120906071508/http://www.mschoa.org/display.aspx?articlename=72. dead. 6 September 2012.
  13. News: Swedish navy arrests pirates off Somali coast . The Local . AFP . 26 May 2009 . 11 June 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331224106/https://www.thelocal.se/20090526/19672/ . 2023-03-31.
  14. Web site: European naval forces capture more pirates. 9 March 2010. 9 March 2010. Independent Online. Six pirate action groups have been intercepted, mother ships and skiffs have been destroyed and over 40 pirates have been taken into custody.
  15. News: Barry . Ellen . 2010-05-07 . Russia Frees Somali Pirates It Had Seized in Shootout . The New York Times . 2022-05-29 . 0362-4331.
  16. News: Cowell. Alan. 2010-05-06. Russian Destroyer Frees Hijacked Oil Tanker. The New York Times. 2023-01-15. 0362-4331. An EU-NAVFOR press release on the Russian action was cited in the article.
  17. Web site: 2011-09-12 . Spanish Warship Rescues Women from Pirates . 2022-05-29 . Naval Today.
  18. Web site: The Infanta Cristina captures Somalian Pirates . 17 November 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926224439/https://murciatoday.com/the-infanta-cristina-captures-somalian-pirates._9383-a.html . 2022-09-26 . 2022-05-29 . Murcia Today.
  19. Web site: Somali piracy: EU forces in first mainland raid . 15 May 2012 . BBC News . 15 May 2012.
  20. Web site: 2024-03-13 . EU maritime force says it is shadowing a Bangladesh-flagged ship seized by pirates off Somali coast . 2024-03-14 . AP News . en.
  21. United Nations, S/2010/91, p.71
  22. News: Reuters. Italian navy to send frigate to boost Red Sea security. Angelo Amante . Alvise Armellini. December 19, 2023.
  23. Web site: EU NAVFOR Deployed Units . 10 August 2013 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 10 August 2013 . 28 July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130728155945/http://eunavfor.eu/deployed-units/mpras/#news-tabs . dead .
  24. Web site: L'opération Atalanta . Le Point . 13 January 2011.
  25. Web site: Chile desplegará una fragata para combatir la piratería en el océano Índico . es . Chile to deploy a frigate to combat piracy in the Indian Ocean . 15 May 2015 . IDS, Información de Defensa y Seguridad .
  26. Web site: EU NAVFOR welcomes the Belgium frigate BNS LOUISE-MARIE . 20 October 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153449/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/10/eu-navfor-welcomes-the-belgium-frigate-bns-louise-marie/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  27. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks BNS LOUISE-MARIE after three months of operation . 24 January 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009155441/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2011/01/eu-navfor-thanks-bns-louise-marie-after-three-months-of-operation/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  28. Web site: EU NAVFOR ship BRANDENBURG leads HANSA STAVANGER safely into Mombasa . 18 August 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101104065858/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2009/08/eu-navfor-ship-brandenburg-leads-hansa-stavanger-safely-into-mombasa/ . 4 November 2010 .
  29. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks the German frigate FGS SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN . 20 September 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154509/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/09/eu-navfor-thanks-the-german-frigate-fgs-schleswig-holstein/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  30. Web site: The German warship FGS KOELN leaves EU NAVFOR after more than 2 months on operation . 25 November 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154522/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/11/the-german-warship-fgs-koeln-leaves-eu-navfor-after-more-than-2-months-on-operation/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  31. Web site: EU NAVFOR Warship Sinks Pirate Skiffs . 14 June 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052911/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-warship-sinks-pirate-skiffs/ . dead .
  32. Web site: EU NAVFOR warship FGS LUEBECK successfully releases Indian dhow and crew . 20 January 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 11 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160311192329/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-warship-fgs-luebeck-successfully-releases-indian-dhow-and-crew . dead .
  33. Web site: EU NAVFOR welcomes the German frigate FGS HAMBURG to the Mission . 22 November 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153320/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/11/eu-navfor-welcomes-the-german-frigate-fgs-hamburg-to-the-mission/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  34. Web site: German frigate FGS HAMBURG leaves EU NAVFOR after four months of valuable contribution . 21 March 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111104090624/http://eunavfor.eu/2011/03/german-frigate-fgs-hamburg-leaves-eu-navfor-after-four-months-of-valuable-contribution/ . 4 November 2011 . dead .
  35. Web site: EU NAVFOR German warship FGS RHOEN leaves EU NAVFOR after 102 days of operation . 1 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154613/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eu-navfor-german-warship-fgs-rhoen-leaves-eu-navfor-after-102-days-of-operation/ . 9 October 2011 .
  36. Web site: EU NAVFOR meets Omani Authorities . 23 November 2009 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153556/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2009/11/eunavfor-meets-omani-authorities/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  37. Web site: EU Naval Force Rescues Iranian Fishermen . 12 May 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 15 February 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053108/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-rescues-iranian-fisherman/ . dead .
  38. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks HLMNS AMSTERDAM after more than 2 months of operations . 19 November 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153628/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/11/eu-navfor-thanks-hlmns-amsterdam-after-more-than-2-months-of-operations/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  39. Web site: Dutch LPD-ship JOHAN DE WITT was a true Force multiplier for EU NAVFOR . 1 July 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110118083157/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/07/dutch-lpd-ship-johan-de-witt-was-a-true-force-multiplier-for-eu-navfor/ . 18 January 2011 . dead .
  40. Web site: 4 March 2016 . ITS Carabiniere receives recognition award for UNFAO vessel protection . EU NAVFOR .
  41. Web site: Italian Warship ITS Grecale Heads for Home After Successful Counter-Piracy Deployment with Operation Atalanta . 16 June 2015 . EU NAVFOR . 16 April 2016 . 4 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804004716/https://eunavfor.eu/italian-warship-its-grecale-heads-for-home-after-successful-counter-piracy-deployment-with-operation-atalanta/ . dead .
  42. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks LIBECCIO after 125 days in Operation ATALANTA . 1 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153740/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eu-navfor-thanks-its-libeccio-after-125-days-in-operation-atalanta/ . 9 October 2011 .
  43. Web site: Somali Fishermen Rescued by EUNAVFOR Atalanta Italian Ship Scirocco. 13 June 2012. EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office. 25 February 2015. 24 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151224225235/http://eunavfor.eu/somali-fishermen-rescued-by-eunavfor-atalanta-italian-ship-scirocco/. dead.
  44. Web site: EU NAVFOR welcomes the Italian Frigate ESPERO. 28 February 2011. EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office. 25 February 2015. 10 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191030/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-welcomes-the-italian-frigate-espero. dead.
  45. Web site: EU NAVFOR welcomes the Italian warship ITS ZEFFIRO . 3 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153027/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eu-navfor-welcomes-the-italian-warship-its-zeffiro/ . 9 October 2011 .
  46. Web site: Italian frigate ZEFFIRO leaves EU NAVFOR after two months of valuable contribution . 28 February 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110305050150/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2011/02/italian-frigate-zeffiro-leaves-eu-navfor-after-two-months-of-valuable-contribution/ . 5 March 2011 . dead .
  47. Web site: Media Day: 'Now we have an understanding of how EU NAVFOR works' . 30 July 2009 . EU NAVFOR . 16 April 2016 . 25 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210725070449/https://eunavfor.eu/media-day-now-we-have-an-understanding-of-how-eu-navfor-works/ . dead .
  48. Web site: Italian corvette to join EU Naval Force Atalanta . 7 March 2009 . EU NAVFOR . 16 April 2016 . 24 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210724014755/https://eunavfor.eu/italian-corvette-to-join-eu-naval-force-atalanta/ . dead .
  49. Web site: EU Naval Force Quick To Capture Suspect Pirate Boat – update . 11 October 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 24 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151224223654/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-quick-to-capture-suspect-pirate-boat/ . dead .
  50. Web site: 25 July 2012 . Operation Atalanta: San Giusto undertakes antipiracy responsibility . Ministry of Defence of the Italian Republic . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206174428/https://www.difesa.it/EN/Primo_Piano/Pagine/OperationAtalantaITSSanGiustoundertakesantipiracyresponsibility.aspx . Dec 6, 2021 .
  51. Web site: EU Naval Force Flagship ITS Andrea Doria Visits Dubai in Support of UAE Counter-Piracy Week . 29 October 2014 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 17 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150117122213/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-flagship-its-andrea-doria-visits-dubai-in-support-of-uae-counter-piracy-week/ . dead .
  52. Web site: EU NAVFOR Warship ITS ETNA Successfully Completed MV ALPHA KIRAWIRA Escort . 12 February 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 16 April 2016 . 17 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210617031451/https://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-warship-its-etna-successfully-completed-mv-alpha-kirawira-escort/ . dead .
  53. Web site: La Jeanne d'Arc et le Georges Leygues rejoignent l'opération Atalanta - Journaux de bord : Marine nationale. 28 March 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090328205351/http://jdb.marine.defense.gouv.fr/post/2009/03/21/La-Jeanne-d%E2%80%99Arc-et-le-Georges-Leygues-rejoignent-l%E2%80%99op%C3%A9ration-Atalanta . 28 March 2009 .
  54. Web site: EUNAVFOR welcomes the French frigate ACONIT . 6 January 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 .
  55. Web site: French frigate ACONIT leaves EU NAVFOR after one month of outstanding performance . 7 February 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 March 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110223135726/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2011/02/french-frigate-aconit-leaves-eu-navfor-after-one-month-of-outstanding-performance/ . 23 February 2011 .
  56. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks FS GUÉPRATTE after two months: "Always proactive" says Force Commander . 26 July 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153802/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/07/eu-navfor-thanks-fs-guepratte-after-two-months-%E2%80%9Calways-proactive%E2%80%9D-says-force-commander/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  57. Web site: EU High Representative Visits French EU Naval Force Warship FS La Fayette Whilst in Kenya and Somalia . 28 August 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 4 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140304012932/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-high-representative-onboard-french-eu-naval-force-warship-fs-la-fayette-during-visit-to-kenya-and-somalia/ . dead .
  58. Web site: EU Naval Force French Frigate Surcouf and NATO Warship USS Halyburton Work Together to Apprehend Twelve Suspect Pirates . 8 January 2013 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064547/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-french-frigate-surcouf-and-nato-warship-uss-halyburton-work-together-to-apprehend-twelve-suspect-pirates/ . dead .
  59. Web site: EU Naval Force French Frigate Surcouf Rescues Ten Sailors in Indian Ocean . 14 January 2013 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 21 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150721073857/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-french-frigate-surcouf-rescues-ten-sailors-in-indian-ocean/ . dead .
  60. Web site: EUNAVFOR thanks French warship FS DE GRASSE after 4 months of operations . 14 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101222080632/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eunavfor-thanks-french-warship-fs-de-grasse-after-4-months-of-operations/ . 22 December 2010 .
  61. Web site: Warship Floréal captures suspected pirates . European Commission . 13 January 2011.
  62. Web site: EUNAVFOR thanks FS FLOREAL after three and a half months of operation . 21 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101227091613/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eunavfor-thanks-fs-floreal-after-three-and-a-half-months-of-operation-2/ . 27 December 2010 . dead .
  63. Web site: French Frigate NIVÔSE departs EU NAVFOR Task Force after a four-month deployment . 7 June 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100915010505/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/06/french-frigate-nivose-departs-eu-navfor-task-force-after-a-four-month-deployment/ . 15 September 2010 . dead .
  64. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks French frigate Jean Bart: "Successfully accomplished mission" . 1 August 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101113104237/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/08/eu-navfor-thanks-french-frigate-jean-bart/ . 13 November 2010 .
  65. Web site: EU NAVFOR welcomes the French warship FS JACOUBET . 13 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015100/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eu-navfor-welcomes-the-french-warship-fs-jacoubet/ . 23 December 2010 .
  66. Web site: EUNAVFOR thanks FS JACOUBET after one month of operation . 24 January 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110224050919/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2011/01/eunavfor-thanks-fs-jacoubet-after-one-month-of-operation/ . 24 February 2011 . dead .
  67. Web site: French Warship FS Marne Becomes EU Counter Piracy Flagship . 7 April 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031754/http://eunavfor.eu/french-warship-fs-marne-becomes-eu-counter-piracy-flagship/ . dead .
  68. Web site: Suspect Pirates Apprehended by EU Naval Force Flagship Transferred to the Seychelles . 30 January 2014 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 28 September 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140928091410/http://eunavfor.eu/suspect-pirates-apprehended-by-eu-naval-force-flagship-transferred-to-the-seychelles/ . dead .
  69. Web site: European Union Naval Force Somalia - Operation Atalanta | Portuguese Take Command of EU NAVFOR Counter Piracy Taskforce . 9 September 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111103111059/http://eunavfor.eu/2011/04/portuguese-take-command-of-eu-navfor-counter-piracy-taskforce/ . 3 November 2011 .
  70. Web site: European Union Naval Force Somalia - Operation Atalanta | EU NAVFOR Flagship NPR VASCO DA GAMA assists the Seychelles Coast Guard . 9 September 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111104105430/http://eunavfor.eu/2011/05/eu-navfor-flagship-npr-vasco-da-gama-assists-the-seychelles-coast-guard/ . 4 November 2011 .
  71. Web site: The European Union and the Somali Federal Government Strengthen Ties on Board EU Naval Force Counter Piracy Flagship . 24 June 2013 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 17 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141217210733/http://eunavfor.eu/the-european-union-and-the-somali-federal-government-strengthen-ties-on-board-eu-naval-force-counter-piracy-flagship/ . dead .
  72. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks Portuguese Maritime Patrol Aircraft Detachment . 23 August 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111104174513/http://eunavfor.eu/2010/08/eu-navfor-thanks-portuguese-maritime-patrol-aircraft-detachment/ . 4 November 2011 . dead .
  73. Web site: Spanish frigate VICTORIA leaves EU NAVFOR after four months of excellent service . 9 August 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154158/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/08/spanish-frigate-victoria-leaves-eu-navfor-after-four-months-of-excellent-service/ . 9 October 2011 .
  74. Web site: EU Naval Force Warship "ESPS Reina Sofía" Escorts Freed Dhow to Yemeni Coast . 20 April 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 25 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151225115839/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-warship-esps-reina-sofia-escorts-freed-dhow-to-yemeni-coast/ . dead .
  75. Web site: EUNAVFOR thanks SPS INFANTA CRISTINA . 9 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154236/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eunavfor-thanks-sps-infanta-cristina/ . 9 October 2011 .
  76. Web site: Spanish OPV Vencedora contributed outstandingly to EU NAVFOR with 85 percent of time on main task . 29 May 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100602234309/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/05/spanish-opv-vencedora-contributed-outstandingly-to-eu-navfor-with-85-percent-of-time-on-main-task/ . 2 June 2010 .
  77. Web site: The Spanish warship SPS GALICIA leaves EU NAVFOR mission after 82 days on operations . 21 November 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . https://web.archive.org/web/20120419002529/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/11/the-spanish-warship-esps-galicia-leaves-eu-navfor-mission-after-82-days-on-operations/ . 2012-04-19.
  78. Web site: EUNAVFOR welcomes the Spanish Combat Replenishment Ship SPS PATINO . 9 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009152959/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eunavfor-welcomes-the-spanish-combat-replenishment-ship-sps-patino/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  79. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks SPS PATIÑO after one and a half months of operation . 24 January 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110201030522/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2011/01/eu-navfor-thanks-sps-patino-after-one-and-a-half-months-of-operation/ . 1 February 2011 . dead .
  80. Web site: EU Naval Force Warship ESPS Relampago Rescues 68 People Adrift in Gulf of Aden . 10 September 2012 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 February 2015 . 25 December 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151225022445/http://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-warship-esps-relampago-rescues-68-people-adrift-in-gulf-of-aden/ . dead .
  81. Web site: Pirates release Greek Crude Oil Tanker M/V Maran Centaurus . 18 January 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 30 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144047/http://eunavfor.eu/2010/01/pirates-release-greek-crude-oil-tanker-mv-maran-centaurus/ . 4 November 2011 . dead .
  82. Web site: Bulk Carrier Filitsa released by pirates . 1 February 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 30 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100219032748/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/02/bulk-carrier-filitsa-released-by-pirates/ . 19 February 2010 . dead .
  83. Web site: EU NAVFOR warship HS ELLI conducts her final tasks . 9 August 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009154624/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/08/eu-navfor-warship-hs-elli-conducts-her-final-tasks/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  84. Web site: EUNAVFOR thanks HS ADRIAS . 15 December 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101220233606/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/12/eunavfor-thanks-hs-adrias/ . 20 December 2010 . dead .
  85. Web site: HS Adrias . Hellenic Frigates Command . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090424072030/http://www.hellenicnavy.gr/fgadrias_en.asp . 24 April 2009 . dead .
  86. Web site: EU NAVFOR ships BNS LOUISE-MARIE and HSwMS MALMOE escorts vulnerable giant MIGHTY SERVANT 1 . 15 September 2009 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100605052858/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2009/09/eu-navfor-ships-bns-louise-marie-and-hswms-malmo-escorts-vulnerable-giant-mighty-servant-1/ . 5 June 2010 . dead .
  87. Web site: EU NAVFOR thanks Swedish warship HSwMS CARLSKRONA after 7 months of operations . 15 November 2010 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 13 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009155231/http://www.eunavfor.eu/2010/11/eu-navfor-thanks-swedish-warship-hswms-carlskrona-after-7-months-of-operations/ . 9 October 2011 . dead .
  88. Web site: Finnish Navy Ship POHJANMAA joins operation Atalanta . 31 January 2011 . EU NAVFOR Public Affairs Office . 25 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111104162118/http://eunavfor.eu/2011/01/finnish-navy-ship-pohjanmaa-joins-operation-atalanta/ . 4 November 2011 . dead .
  89. Web site: Miinalaiva Pohjanmaa päättää tehtävänsä . fi . Mining Ostrobothnia will decide on its role . Iltalehti . 30 April 2011 . 30 April 2011 . 20 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160620062838/http://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/2011043013635718_uu.shtml . dead .
  90. Web site: El buque colombiano que navegó 153 días por las playas de Somalia (The Colombian vessel sailed 153 days on the beaches of Somalia) . Leo Medina Jimenez . 26 January 2016 . El Tiempo . 28 January 2016.

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