| Mariposa County | |
| Settlement Type: | County |
| Named For: | Spanish word for "butterfly" and Mariposa Creek |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | California |
| Subdivision Type2: | Region |
| Subdivision Name2: | Sierra Nevada |
| Seat Type: | County seat |
| Seat: | Mariposa |
| Seat1 Type: | Largest community |
| Seat1: | Mariposa (population) Greeley Hill (area) |
| Unit Pref: | US |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 1463 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 1449 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 14 |
| Elevation Max Ft: | 12040 |
| Government Type: | Council–CAO |
| Governing Body: | Board of Supervisors[1] |
| Leader Title1: | Chair |
| Leader Name1: | Rosemarie Smallcombe [2] |
| Leader Title2: | Vice Chair |
| Leader Name2: | Miles Menetrey |
| Leader Title3: | Board of Supervisors |
| Leader Title4: | County Administrative Officer |
| Leader Name4: | Dallin Kimble |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 17131 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Established Title: | Incorporated |
| Established Date: | February 18, 1850[3] |
| Timezone: | Pacific Standard Time |
| Utc Offset: | -8 |
| Timezone Dst: | Pacific Daylight Time |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -7 |
| Image Map1: | Map of California highlighting Mariposa County.svg |
| Mapsize1: | 200px |
| Map Caption1: | Location in the state of California |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Congressional district |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 5th |
Mariposa County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population was 17,131.[4] The county seat is Mariposa.[5] It is located in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains, north of Fresno, east of Merced, and southeast of Stockton.
The county's eastern section is the central portion of Yosemite National Park.
Mariposa County is one of only three counties in California that do not contain any incorporated cities (with Alpine and Trinity counties being the other two). The county does contain, however, 17 communities that are recognized as census-designated places for statistical purposes. It also has the distinction of having no permanent traffic signals anywhere in the county.
Mariposa County was one of the original 27 counties of California, created at the time of statehood in 1850. While it began as the state's largest county, territory that was once part of Mariposa was ceded over time to form all or part of twelve other counties, including all of Merced, Madera, Fresno, Tulare, Kings, and Kern; and parts of San Benito, Mono, Inyo, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles. Thus, Mariposa County is known as the "Mother of Counties".[6]
Mariposa County's original seat was a now-nonexistent hamlet known as Agua Fria (Spanish for "cold water"), about 3 miles directly west of Mariposa proper on Agua Fria Road, which runs from Highway 140 to the south, to the community of Mt. Bullion to the northwest. Charles Fremont moved the county seat to Mariposa in 1854, resulting in the construction of the Mariposa County Courthouse, whose grounds occupies an entire block. The historic structure is fronted by Bullion Street; Jones Street is to the rear, with 9th and 10th Streets on either side. This handsome, white judicial building erected with whip-sawed wood from nearby forests is the The courthouse is so recognizable that its likeness is on the Mariposa County Seal.
The county took its name from Mariposa Creek, which was so named by Spanish explorers in 1806, when they discovered a great cluster of butterflies ("mariposas" in Spanish and Portuguese) in the foothills of the Sierra. Each year, the first weekend in May, residents mark the annual arrival of migrating monarch butterflies with a "Butterfly Days" festival and parade.
Mariposa County is located at the southern end of California's Mother Lode region. During the California Gold Rush, great quantities of the prized mineral were found and extracted, first in local stream-beds and later in hard rock mines. One of the most notable beneficiaries of this wealth was the famed explorer and 1856 Republican presidential candidate, John Charles Frémont, for whom the local hospital and Charles Street (more commonly known as "Highway 140") are named. Jessie Street, in the town of Mariposa, is named for Fremont's wife, Jessie Benton Frémont, who came to Mariposa with her husband on many extended visits although they never took up permanent residence within the county.
Many aspects of the area's mining history are depicted in exhibits at two local museums: the Mariposa History Museum, located in the town of Mariposa; and the California Mining and Mineral Museum, located at the Mariposa Fairgrounds (2 miles southeast of Mariposa on Highway 49).
Two small gold mines in Mariposa County, the Mockingbird mine and the Colorado Quartz mine, intermittently produce world-class (and very expensive) specimens of crystalline gold for mineral collectors. "Specimens from these occurrences commonly have bright luster and rich color, with well-developed crystals in unusual and attractive arrangements."[7] The best-known example is "The Dragon", now on display at the Houston Museum of Natural Science.[8]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (1.0%) is water.[9] The county extends:
A significant portion of the Merced River's course is within the county including its white water runs through Yosemite and the Merced River Canyon. Its run through the Merced River Canyon contains the sole habitat for the limestone salamander, a rare species endemic to Mariposa County.
There are a number of lakes within the county including: Lake McClure, Lake McSwain, Merced Lake, and Tenaya Lake.
| White alone (NH) | 15,192 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 12,838 | 83.24% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 74.94% | |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 129 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 105 | 0.71% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 0.61% | |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 459 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 410 | 2.51% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 2.39% | |
| Asian alone (NH) | 201 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 287 | 1.10% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 1.68% | |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 26 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 15 | 0.14% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 0.09% | |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 22 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 114 | 0.12% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 0.67% | |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 546 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 1,222 | 2.99% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 7.13% | |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,676 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 2,140 | 9.18% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 12.49% | |
| Total | 18,251 | style='background: #ffffe6; | 17,131 | 100.00% | style='background: #ffffe6; | 100.00% |
The largest self-reported ancestry groups in Mariposa County were English (14.5%), German (13.7%), Irish (13.1%), Italian (4.1%), "American" (3.8%), Scottish (3.2%) and Portuguese (3.0%).[12]
| Population, race, and income | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 18,290 | ||||
| White | 16,357 | 89.4% | |||
| Black or African American | 180 | 1.0% | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 335 | 1.8% | |||
| Asian | 200 | 1.1% | |||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 50 | 0.3% | |||
| Some other race | 458 | 2.5% | |||
| Two or more races | 710 | 3.9% | |||
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[13] | 1,727 | 9.4% | |||
| Per capita income[14] | $27,209 | ||||
| Median household income[15] | $49,174 | ||||
| Median family income[16] | $58,237 | ||||
| Places by population and race | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Type[17] | data-sort-type="number" | Population | data-sort-type="number" | White | data-sort-type="number" | Other [18] | data-sort-type="number" | Asian | data-sort-type="number" | Black or African American | data-sort-type="number" | Native American [19] | data-sort-type="number" | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| 255 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 951 | 85.0% | 13.6% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 12 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 811 | 83.5% | 16.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.6% | |||||||||
| 190 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 7.4% | |||||||||
| 509 | 72.5% | 7.1% | 6.1% | 7.3% | 7.1% | 19.4% | |||||||||
| 53 | 41.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 58.5% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 805 | 97.8% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 1.5% | 6.3% | |||||||||
| 67 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 1,088 | 88.4% | 7.1% | 3.4% | 1.1% | 0.0% | 14.8% | |||||||||
| 2,479 | 74.4% | 18.3% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 7.0% | 27.4% | |||||||||
| 661 | 91.8% | 5.6% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 0.0% | 7.1% | |||||||||
| 80 | 56.2% | 0.0% | 43.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||||||
| 779 | 90.9% | 2.1% | 1.0% | 6.0% | 0.0% | 6.0% | |||||||||
| Places by population and income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Type | Population[20] | data-sort-type="currency" | Per capita income | data-sort-type="currency" | Median household income | data-sort-type="currency" | Median family income |
| 255 | $17,787 | $15,417 | $12,050 | |||||
| 951 | $26,801 | $45,875 | $46,333 | |||||
| 12 | [21] | |||||||
| 811 | $18,940 | $26,759 | $26,759 | |||||
| 190 | $9,579 | $12,351 | $43,000 | |||||
| 509 | $27,412 | $70,870 | $45,862 | |||||
| 53 | $15,630 | |||||||
| 805 | $19,854 | $29,333 | $28,625 | |||||
| 67 | ||||||||
| 1,088 | $44,112 | $83,372 | $86,771 | |||||
| 2,479 | $19,614 | $43,418 | $39,830 | |||||
| 661 | $39,161 | $36,803 | $36,947 | |||||
| 80 | $19,068 | $22,353 | $85,156 | |||||
| 779 | $28,524 | $62,321 | $147,717 | |||||
The 2010 United States Census reported that Mariposa County had a population of 18,251. The racial makeup of Mariposa County was 16,103 (88.2%) White, 138 (0.8%) African American, 527 (2.9%) Native American, 204 (1.1%) Asian, 26 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 508 (2.8%) from other races, and 745 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,676 persons (9.2%).
| Population reported at 2010 United States Census | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mariposa County | 18,251 | 16,103 | 138 | 527 | 204 | 26 | 508 | 745 | 1,676 | |
| Bear Valley | 125 | 117 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | |
| Bootjack | 960 | 811 | 2 | 34 | 11 | 0 | 31 | 71 | 76 | |
| Buck Meadows | 31 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 7 | |
| Catheys Valley | 825 | 730 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 33 | 31 | 80 | |
| Coulterville | 201 | 181 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 20 | |
| El Portal | 474 | 434 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 28 | |
| Fish Camp | 59 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| Greeley Hill | 915 | 847 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 29 | 53 | |
| Hornitos | 75 | 66 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | |
| Lake Don Pedro | 1,077 | 979 | 7 | 18 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 41 | 109 | |
| Mariposa | 2,173 | 1,895 | 10 | 105 | 30 | 0 | 59 | 74 | 215 | |
| Midpines | 1,204 | 990 | 4 | 63 | 7 | 0 | 97 | 43 | 208 | |
| Wawona | 169 | 138 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 14 | 12 | |
| Yosemite Valley | 1,035 | 831 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 7 | 70 | 37 | 123 | |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 8,928 | 8,004 | 71 | 230 | 86 | 10 | 170 | 357 | 729 | |
As of the census[22] of 2000, there were 17,130 people, 6,613 households, and 4,490 families residing in the county. The population density was 12/mi2. There were 8,826 housing units at an average density of 6/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 88.9% White, 0.7% Black or African American, 3.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. 7.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 17.8% were of German, 13.4% English, 12.7% Irish and 6.7% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 96.0% spoke English and 3.5% Spanish as their first language.
There were 6,613 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,626, and the median income for a family was $42,655. Males had a median income of $31,194 versus $25,440 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,190. About 10.5% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
The Government of Mariposa County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and law as a general law county. The County government is composed of the Board of Supervisors, which has legislative and executive power. It is composed of five members elected from the five separate districts of the county, on a non-partisan basis, to serve four-year staggered terms.
In the California State Legislature, Mariposa is in, and in .
In the United States House of Representatives, Mariposa County is in .[23]
In its early history Mariposa was one of the most reliable Democratic counties in California. Along with Colusa County, it was one of only two counties in the Pacific States to support Alton B. Parker in 1904.[24] Over time, however, the county has steadily moved away from its Democratic roots, seen demonstrably in 1948 when Thomas E. Dewey won Mariposa without carrying California, as part of a trend turning the Great Basin into a rock-solid Republican stronghold.[25] Currently Mariposa is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964 but the last Democrat to win Mariposa was Bill Clinton in 1992 who won a plurality of forty-one votes.
On November 4, 2008, Mariposa County voted 62.1% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[26]
| Population and registered voters | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population[27] | 18,290 | ||
| Registered voters[28] [29] | 10,613 | 58.0% | |
| Democratic | 3,156 | 29.7% | |
| Republican | 4,751 | 44.8% | |
| Democratic - Republican spread | -1,595 | -15.1% | |
| Independent | 459 | 4.3% | |
| Green | 117 | 1.1% | |
| Libertarian | 97 | 0.9% | |
| Peace and Freedom | 22 | 0.2% | |
| Americans Elect | 1 | 0.0% | |
| Other | 155 | 1.5% | |
| No party preference | 1,855 | 17.5% | |
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
| Population and crime rates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 18,290 | ||
| Violent crime[30] | 48 | 2.62 | |
| Homicide | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Forcible rape | 3 | 0.16 | |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.05 | |
| Aggravated assault | 44 | 2.41 | |
| Property crime | 179 | 9.79 | |
| Burglary | 106 | 5.80 | |
| Larceny-theft[31] | 173 | 9.46 | |
| Motor vehicle theft | 16 | 0.87 | |
| Arson | 1 | 0.05 | |
Mariposa County has one hospital, John C. Fremont Hospital.[32]
According to a 2013 study, Mariposa County had the highest rate of child abuse and neglect,[33] and as recently as 2014, had the second highest of rate of unvaccinated children[34] in the state of California.
Mariposa County primarily receives the major Fresno TV and radio stations.
The county also has media outlets that serve the local community. These include:
15A connects Mariposa with Merced station and Yosemite with five trips daily.[35]
Mariposa-Yosemite Airport is a general aviation airport. The nearest airports with scheduled flights are Fresno and Merced.
Formerly known as the Crane Creek CDP; renamed in 2022
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Mariposa County.[36]
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2010 Census) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | † Mariposa | CDP | 2,173 | |
| 2 | Midpines | CDP | 1,204 | |
| 3 | Lake Don Pedro | CDP | 1,077 | |
| 4 | Yosemite Valley | CDP | 1,035 | |
| 5 | Bootjack | CDP | 960 | |
| 6 | Greeley Hill | CDP | 915 | |
| 7 | Catheys Valley | CDP | 825 | |
| 8 | El Portal | CDP | 474 | |
| 9 | Coulterville | CDP | 201 | |
| 10 | Wawona | CDP | 169 | |
| 11 | Bear Valley | CDP | 125 | |
| 12 | Hornitos | CDP | 75 | |
| 13 | Fish Camp | CDP | 59 | |
| 14 | Buck Meadows | CDP | 31 |