Mario Crocco Explained

Mario Crocco is an Argentine neurobiologist, since 1982 director of the Neurobiological Investigations Center of the Argentine health ministry and since 1988 director of the Electroneurobiological Investigations Laboratory at Hospital Borda in Buenos Aires.

Crocco is internationally known for having proposed in March 2007, a new taxonomic system that would include the hypothetical microorganism thought to have been detected on Mars by the Viking lander biological experiments in 1976. Though these findings were later deemed inconclusive,^[1] some scientists interpret the results as evidence of metabolism, and therefore of life; the major proponents of this position are Gilbert Levin,^[2] Rafael Navarro-González,^[3] and Ronald Paepe.^[4]

Gillevinia straata

Crocco proposed the creation of new Linnaean categories in order to incorporate hypothetical Martian microorganisms:^[5]

• Carbon-based life: Solaria
• Biosphere: Marciana - All living or extinct organisms whose lineages developed on Mars. A parallel taxon, including all earth-based lineages, is Terrestria.
• Kingdom: Jakobia - All members of Marciana whose anatomy and physiology are adapted to the ultraviolet radiation and other conditions characteristic of the Martian topsoil and other Martian biomes. (The name of the kingdom is an homage to the Bavarian-Argentine neurobiologist Christfried Jakob.)
• Genus and species: Gillevinia straata (in honor of Gilbert Levin and Patricia Straat, who conducted the original Viking experiments)

The intended effect was to reverse the burden of proof concerning the life issue, but biologists stated that naming a 'species' at this point is inappropriate, as it may lend credibility to the possibility that life has been detected.^[6] The proposed rationale was rejected by the scientific community and it remains a Nomen nudum as there is no evidence of organic biomolecules.

Neurobiology and psychophysics

Contributions to those fields are summarized in a Festschrift from 2008 (2nd ed., 2014), available from Internet:

Book: Contreras, Norberto C.. Algunos aportes de Mario Crocco a la neurobiología y psicofísica . 2014 . Ediciones Rueda. Buenos Aires. 978-950-564-097-3. es.

See also

• Life on Mars
• Viking lander biological experiments

Notes and References

1. The Viking Biological Investigation: Preliminary Results . Science. 1976-10-01. Harold. Klein. Gilbert Levin. 194. 4260 . 99–105 . 2008-08-15 . 10.1126/science.194.4260.99. 17793090. 1976Sci...194...99K. 24957458 .
2. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0705/0705.3176.pdf Conference presented in 2007 by Gilbert Levin and published by Electroneurobiología vol. 15 (2), pp. 39-47, 2007
3. Navarro-González, R; Navarro, K. F.; de la Rosa, J., Iñiguez, E.; Molina, P.; Miranda, L. D.; Morales, P; Cienfuegos, E.; Coll, P.; Raulin, F., Amils, R. and McKay, C. P. (2006), "The limitations on organic detection in Mars-like soils by thermal volatilization-gas chromato-graphy-MS and their implications for the Viking results", Proc. Natl. Academy of Sciences 103 (44), 16089-16094.
4. The Red Soil on Mars as a proof for water and vegetation. Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2007. Ronald. Paepe. 9. 1794. PDP. 2008-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164620/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01794/EGU2007-J-01794.pdf?PHPSESSID=e. 2011-06-13. dead.
5. Los taxones mayores de la vida orgánica y la nomenclatura de la vida en Marte . Electroneurobiología. 2007-04-14. Mario. Crocco . 15. 2 . 1–34 . 2008-08-14.
6. http://www.contactincontext.org/Crocco_nomenclature_CIC.pdf Science works through Mars lander life controversy