Marianne (1932–1940) Explained

Marianne (in French pronounced as /maʁjan/) was a weekly Paris-based French illustrated magazine that appeared in France, between 1932 and 1940.[1] [2] [3]

History

Marianne was founded on 26 October 1932 by Gaston Gallimard and edited under director Emmanuel Berl,[4] [5] until 1937.[6] It began being published under the umbrella corporation ZED, which had been established in 1928.[7] The magazine was sold in January 1937,[2] to Raymond Patenôtre and relaunched by André Cornu[8] [9] in 1938.[10] It described itself as the Grand hebdomadaire littéraire illustré ("Great illustrated literary weekly").[2]

Marianne was said to be a 'Paris Liberal Weekly' publication,[11] and a "weekly of French interests and ideas."

When it was relaunched in 1938, Patenôtre let it remain politically slightly left of centre. Among the notable contributors was Léon Werth, who regularly contributed to the magazine.[12]

Marianne was noted also for its anti-Nazi illustrations between 1938 and 1940,[13] [14] [15] [16] including by Jacob Kjeldgaard, Danish journalist photographer.[17] Publication of Marianne was suspended by the Nazi-collaborating Vichy France regime[18] [19] [20] on 4 September 1940.[21] The Vichy France regime had already begun censoring[22] portions of it, at least from 14 August of that year.[23]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Marianne (Paris. 1932) - 9 Years available - Gallica . 2022-09-23 . gallica.bnf.fr.
  2. Web site: Marianne . 2022-09-23 . retronews.fr.
  3. Web site: Marianne: grand hebdomadaire littéraire illustré . WorldCat. 472455216 . fr.
  4. Bloch, Jean-Richard., Takahashi, Haruo. Correspondance J-R. Bloch―M. Martinet. Japan: Éditions Université Chuô, 1994.457.
    Marianne : Grand hebdomadaire politique et littéraire illustré , fondé le 26 octobre 1932 par Gaston Gallimard, éditeur de la N.R.F. sous la direction d'Emmanuel Berl.
  5. Rolland, Romain., Bloch, Jean Richard., Amann, Paul., Delphis, Claudine. Survies d'un juif européen: correspondance de Paul Amann avec Romain Rolland et Jean-Richard Bloch. Germany: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2009. 826.
  6. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/berl-emmanuel-1892-1976 Educational magazines  - Berl, Emmanuel 1892–1976
  7. Prendergast, Christopher. A History of Modern French Literature: From the Sixteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. United States: Princeton University Press,  2017. 537.
  8. Blandin, Claire., Delporte, Christian., Robinet, François. Histoire de la presse en France: XXe-XXIe siècles. France: Armand Colin, 2016.https://books.google.com/books?id=0W73DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT106.
  9. Bulletin des amis d'André Gide. France: Section André Gide, Centre d'études littéraires du XX. siècle, Université de Montpellier III, 1979.95.
  10. Web site: CORNU, André . 2022-09-23 . FranceArchives . fr.
  11. The Living Age ...,(Littell, Son and Company, 1937), vol. 353, p. 304.
  12. Werth, Léon. Deposition 1940-1944: A Secret Diary of Life in Vichy France. United States: Oxford University Press, 2018. 20.
  13. [LIFE magazine]
  14. https://www.loc.gov/item/2005684205/ Collection of photocopies of British and French anti-Nazi caricatures and cartoons, 1938-1940
  15. Ossowski, S.. The Foundations of Aesthetics. United States: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. 10.
  16. Douglas, Roy. Between the Wars 1919-1939: The Cartoonists' Vision. United Kingdom: Routledge, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=KdqCCwAAQBAJ&q=Marianne+swastika
  17. Book: Kjeldgaard, M. J. . Marinus & Marianne: Photomontages Satiriques 1932-1940 by MJ Kjeldgaard.
  18. Baert, Patrick. The Existentialist Moment: The Rise of Sartre as a Public Intellectual. Germany: Polity Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=VsxpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT50.
    Various newspapers and magazines disappeared, among which were La Lumière, Les Nouvelles Littéraires and Marianne.
  19. Rauch, R. William. Politics and Belief in Contemporary France: Emmanuel Mounier and Christian Democracy, 1932–1950. Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2012. 212.
  20. Michel, Henri. Vichy, année 40. France: R. Laffont, 1966. 182..
  21. The Authorized Press in Vichy and German-occupied France, 1940-1944: A Bibliography. United Kingdom: Greenwood Press, 1999. 161.
  22. "Disinherited Jews in France," The Sentinel⁩, 26 December 1940.
  23. Examples: Censored portion left blank in the Aug 14 issue. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7644895f/f1.highresIn the Aug 28 issue, it states: "212 lines censored."https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76448978/f1.highres.

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