| Consort: | yes |
| Maria | |
| Succession: | Empress consort of Bulgaria |
| Spouse: | Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria |
| Spouse-Type: | Spouse |
| Issue: | Catherine of Bulgaria |
| Birth Date: | Unknown |
| Death Place: | Unknown |
Maria (Church Slavic; Old Slavonic; Church Slavonic; Old Bulgarian; Old Church Slavonic: Марі́а Bulgarian: Мария) was the last empress consort (tsaritsa) of the First Bulgarian Empire.[1] She was the wife of Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria and was involved in political manoeuvring.[2]
Maria was a daughter of Boris II, tsar of Bulgaria from 969-977 (though he spent 971-977 as a captive of the Byzantines). It is believed that Maria was married to Ivan Vladislav in the late 10th century.
Her husband's father was Aron, the brother of Tsar Samuel (Samuil) of Bulgaria; Samuil had succeeded her father. In 987 Samuel ordered his brother Aron executed for treason together with his entire family. The massacre was survived only by Ivan Vladislav, who was saved through the intercession of his cousin, Samuel's son Gabriel Radomir.
Tsar Samuil died in 1014 and the Bulgarian throne was inherited by his son Gavril Radomir. In 1015 Ivan Vladislav avenged the deaths of his innocent siblings by murdering his savior Gavrail Radomir, while the latter was hunting near Ostrovo (Arnissa), and seized the Bulgarian throne.
Maria's husband followed the determined policy of his predecessors to resist the ongoing Byzantine conquest over Bulgaria, but he was killed before the walls of Dyrrhachium in the winter of 1018. After his death the widowed empress Maria and much of the Bulgarian nobility and court submitted to the advancing Basil II and negotiated guarantees for the preservation of their lives, status, and property.[3] Maria together with her children were sent to Constantinople, where she adopted the name Zoe and was granted the title zostē patrikia (lady-in-waiting to the Empress) in 1019. Her family was integrated into the Byzantine court and inter-married with some of the most prominent Byzantine noble families.
In 1029 Maria together with her son Presian entered a conspiracy against emperor Romanos III Argyros. The plot was discovered, Presian was blinded and Maria was exiled to a monastery in the Thracesian Theme.[4]
No primary source mentions the ancestry of Maria, but Christian Settipani has noted the possibility that she may be the daughter of Tsar Boris II of Bulgaria and a Byzantine noblewoman.[5] Boris II was the eldest surviving son of Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria and Maria (renamed Eirene) Lekapena, a granddaughter of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos of Byzantium. Boris resided in Constantinople twice, initially as a hostage and then as a royal captive of Emperor John I Tzimiskes, when the emperor divested Boris II of his royal title and compensated him with the rank of a Byzantine magistros. During his sojourn in Constantinople Boris II had a relationship with an unknown woman by whom he left several children. Settipani believes that one of these children may have been Maria since:
Settipani notes that the various indications given above support the hypothesis, in the absence of any primary sources that could offer greater certainty, that she may have been a daughter of Tsar Boris II and therefore also a granddaughter of Maria Lekapena of Byzantium.
Maria and Ivan Vladislav had several children, including:
| Maria | Ivan Vladislav (1015–1018) | ||||||||||
| Alusian magistros | Aaron prōtoproedros | Radomir | Catherine wife of Isaac I Komnenos | ||||||||
| Presian magistros | Trayan | unknown son | 5 daughters | ||||||||
| [Anna] wife of Romanos IV Diogenes | Basil stratēgos | Theodore stratēgos | Maria wife of Andronikos Doukas | Manuel Komnenos | Maria Komnene | ||||||
| Samuil vestētōr | Radomir proedros | ||||||||||
| Constantine married Theodora, sister of Alexios I | Aron Theodore | Irene Doukaina wife of Alexios I | Theodora Doukaina | John Doukas governor of Bulgaria (1090–1092) | |||||||
| Maria (Anna) Doukaina wife of George Palaiologos | Michael Doukas prōtostratōr | ||||||||||