| Princess Margriet | |
| Full Name: | Margriet Francisca van Oranje-Nassau, van Lippe-Biesterfeld |
| Birth Date: | 19 January 1943 |
| Birth Place: | Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Dominion of Canada |
| House: | Orange-Nassau |
| Father: | Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
| Mother: | Juliana of the Netherlands |
Princess Margriet of the Netherlands (Margriet Francisca; born 19 January 1943) is the third daughter of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard. As an aunt of the reigning monarch, King Willem-Alexander, she is a member of the Dutch Royal House and currently eighth and last in the line of succession to the throne.[1]
Princess Margriet has often represented the monarch at official or semi-official events. Some of these functions have taken her back to Canada, the country where she was born de facto, and to events organised by the Dutch merchant navy of which she is a patron.
Margriet was born to Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Her mother was heir presumptive to Queen Wilhelmina.[2]
The Dutch royal family went into exile when the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940, and went to live in Canada. Margriet was born in Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ottawa. The maternity ward of the hospital was temporarily declared to be extraterritorial by the Canadian government.[3] [4] This ensured that the newborn would not be born in Canada, and not be a British subject under the rule of jus soli. Instead, the child would only inherit Dutch citizenship from her mother under the principle of jus sanguinis, which is followed in Dutch nationality law. Thus, the child would be eligible to succeed to the throne of the Netherlands. This would have applied if the child had been male, and therefore heir apparent to Juliana, or if her two older sisters died without eligible children.
It is a common misconception that the Canadian government declared the maternity ward to be Dutch territory. That was not necessary, as Canada follows jus soli, while the Netherlands follows jus sanguinis. It was sufficient for Canada to disclaim the territory temporarily.
Princess Margriet was named after the marguerite, the flower worn during the war as a symbol of the resistance to Nazi Germany. She was christened at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Ottawa, on 29 June 1943. Her godparents included US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Queen Mary (Queen dowager of the United Kingdom), Märtha, Crown Princess of Norway, and Martine Roell (lady-in-waiting to Princess Juliana in Canada).[5]
Princess Margriet has continued to visit Canada over the years in an official capacity, as recently as 2017 (Stratford, Ontario and Goderich, Ontario) and 2022 (Ottawa).
It was not until August 1945, when the Netherlands had been liberated, that Princess Margriet first set foot on Dutch soil. Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard returned to Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, where the family had lived before the war.
It was while she was studying at Leiden University that Princess Margriet met her future husband, Pieter van Vollenhoven. Their engagement was announced on 10 March 1965, and they were married on 10 January 1967 in The Hague, in the St. James Church.[6] It was decreed that any children from the marriage would be titled Prince/Princess of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven, with the style of Highness, titles that would not be held by their descendants. Together, they had four sons:
The Princess and her husband took up residence in the right wing of Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn. In 1975 the family moved to their present home, Het Loo, which they had built on the Palace grounds.
Princess Margriet is particularly interested in health care and cultural causes. From 1987 to 2011 she was vice-president of the Dutch Red Cross, who set up the Princess Margriet Fund in her honour. She is a member of the board of the International Federation of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
From 1984 to 2007, Princess Margriet was president of the European Cultural Foundation, who set up the Princess Margriet Award for Cultural Diversity in acknowledgement of her work.
She is a member of the honorary board of the International Paralympic Committee.[7]
See also: List of honours of the Dutch Royal Family by country.
Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
Cameroon: Grand Cordon of Order of Merit
Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit[9]
Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland[10]
France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic[11]
Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Renaissance[12]
Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau[13] Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown[14] LuxembourgCommemorative Medal of the marriage of TRH Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg
Mexico: Grand Cross of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Socialist Republic of Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of 23 August
Senegal: Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion
Suriname: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Yellow Star
Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
United States: Honorary Fellow[18] of the College of William & MarySee also: Dutch monarchs family tree.
