Margarites Explained

Margarites is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Margaritidae.

This genus belonged previously to the subfamily Margaritinae in the family Turbinidae.

Description

This genus consists of small species of variable size between 3 mm and 15 mm. The Alaskan specimens of Margarites costalis reach almost 25 mm in diameter.Their flat shell has a turbiniform shape with convex whorls and a typical iridescent lustre.

Species

Species within the genus Margarites include:

• Margarites albolineatus (E. A. Smith, 1899)
• Margarites angulatus Galkin, 1955
• Margarites argentatus (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites atlantoides (Quinn, 1992)
• Margarites avachensis Galkin, 1955 [ex Bartsch MS]
• Margarites avenosooki MacGinitie, 1959
• Margarites bairdii (Dall, 1889)
• Margarites biconica Numanami, 1996
• Margarites bisikovi Egorov, 2000
• Margarites cabernet Egorov, 2000
• Margarites calliostomoides Egorov, 2000
• Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites crebrilirulata (Smith, 1907)
• Margarites dnopherus (Watson, 1879)
• Margarites ecarinatus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites giganteus (Leche, 1878)
• Margarites glabrus Golikov & Gulbin, 1978
• Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Margarites gunnerusensis Numanami, 1996
• Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites hickmanae J. H. McLean, 1984
• Margarites huloti Vilvens & Sellanes, 2006
• Margarites imperialis Simone & Birman, 2006
• Margarites keepi Smith & Gordon, 1948
• Margarites kophameli (Strebel, 1905)
• Margarites koreanicus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites laminarum (Jeffreys, 1883)
• Margarites miona Dall, 1927
• Margarites mirabilis Simone & Birman, 2006
• Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)
• Margarites picturatus Golikov, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967
• Margarites pilsbryi Kuroda & Habe, 1952
• Margarites pribiloffensis (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites pupillus (Gould, 1849)
• Margarites refulgens (Smith, 1907)
• Margarites rossicus Dall, 1919
• Margarites ryukyuensis Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000
• Margarites salmoneus (Carpenter, 1864)
• Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites scintillans (Watson, 1879)
• Margarites shinkai Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992
• Margarites simbla Dall, 1913
• Margarites smithi Bartsch, 1927
• Margarites sordidus (Hancock, 1846)
• Margarites striatus (Leach, 1841)
• Margarites toroides Hoffman, van Heugten & Lavaleye, 2011
• Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites vityazi Egorov, 2000
• Margarites vorticiferus (Dall, 1873)

Species brought into synonymy:

• Margarites acuticostatus Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Parviturbo acuticostatus (Carpenter, 1864)
• Margarites alabastrum "Beck, H.H. MS" Lovén, S.L., 1846: synonym of Calliostoma occidentale (Mighels, J.W. & C.B. Adams, 1842)
• Margarites albula Gould, A.A., 1861: synonym of Solariella obscura (Couthouy, J.P., 1838)
• Margarites beringensis (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites biangulosus (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of Minolia biangulosa (A. Adams, 1854)
• Margarites cinereus Filatova, Z.A. & B.I. Zatsepin, 1948: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites clausus Golikov & Gulbin, 1978 : synonym of Cantharidoscops clausus (Golikov & Gulbin, 1978)
• Margarites diaphanus Gray, 1847: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites dnopherus Rios, 1994 (non Watson, 1879): synonym of Margarites mirabilis Simone & Birman, 2006
• Margarites dulcis E. A. Smith, 1907: synonym of Antimargarita dulcis (E. A. Smith, 1907)
• Margarites elevatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites erythrocoma Dall, 1889: synonym of Pseudostomatella erythrocoma (Dall, 1889)
• Margarites euspira (Dall, 1881): synonym of Bathymophila euspira (Dall, 1881)
• Margarites excavatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites expansa Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Margarella expansa (Sowerby I, 1838)
• Margarites frigidus Dall, 1919: synonym of Cantharidoscops frigidus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites gemma E.A. Smith, 1915: synonym of Falsimargarita gemma (E.A. Smith, 1915)
• Margarites glauca Möller, H.P.C., 1842: synonym of Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)
• Margarites grosvenori Dall, 1926: synonym of Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)
• Margarites hypolispus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites impervia Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta impervia (Strebel, 1908)
• Margarites johnsoni Dall, W.H., 1921: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites kamchaticus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites kurilensis Golikov & Gulbin, 1978: synonym of Margarites groenlandicus kurilensis Golikov & Gulbin, 1978
• Margarites margaritiferus Okutani, 1964: synonym of Solariella margaritifera (Okutani, 1964)
• Margarites marginatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites olivaceus marginatus Dall, 1919
• Margarites mighelsi Rehder, H.A., 1937: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites minima Seguenza, 1876: synonym of Lissotesta minima (Seguenza, 1876)
• Margarites ochotensis (Philippi, 1846): synonym of Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites pauperculus Dall, 1919: synonym of Solariella varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
• Margarites pruinosa Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885: synonym of Margarella pruinosa (Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885)
• Margarites regalis Verrill & Smith, 1880: synonym of Calliotropis regalis (Verrill & Smith, 1880)
• Margarites rudis Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites shannonicus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites striatus (Leach, 1841)
• Margarites striata striata Galkin, Y.I., 1955: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites umbilicalis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: synonym of Margarites groenlandicus umbilicalis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
• Margarites undulatus (G.B. Sowerby, I, 1838): synonym of Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Margarites violacea King & Broderip, 1832: synonym of Margarella violacea (King & Broderip, 1832)
• Margarites vorticifer (Dall, 1873): synonym of Margarites vorticiferus (Dall, 1873)
• Margarites wacei Melvill & Standen, 1918: synonym of Margarella wacei (Melvill & Standen, 1918)

Nomina dubia :

• Margarites multilineatus DeKay, 1843
• Margarites ornatus (De Kay, 1843)
• Margarites sigaretinus (Sowerby I, 1838)

References

• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp