March 2014 Sri Lankan provincial council elections explained

Election Name:6th Sri Lankan provincial council election
Country:Sri Lanka
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2013 Sri Lankan provincial council election
Previous Year:2013
Next Election:September 2014 Sri Lankan provincial council election
Next Year:2014 (Sep)
Seats For Election:159 seats across 2 provincial councils
Election Date:29 March 2014
Turnout:66.35%
1Blank:Councillors
2Blank:Councils
Leader1:Mahinda Rajapaksa
Party1:United People's Freedom Alliance
Home State1:n/a
Popular Vote1:2,063,083
Percentage1:54.86%
1Data1:89
2Data1:2
Leader2:Ranil Wickremasinghe
Party2:United National Party
Home State2:n/a
Popular Vote2:990,113
Percentage2:26.33%
1Data2:42
2Data2:0
Leader4:Sarath Fonseka
Party4:Democratic Party (Sri Lanka)
Home State4:n/a
Popular Vote4:279,299
Percentage4:7.43%
1Data4:12
2Data4:0
Leader5:Anura Kumara Dissanayake
Party5:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
Home State5:n/a
Popular Vote5:265,240
Percentage5:7.05%
1Data5:11
2Data5:0

Provincial council elections were held in Sri Lanka on 29 March 2014 to elect 159 members to two of the nine provincial councils in the country. 5.9 million Sri Lankans were eligible to vote in the election. Elections to a third provincial council (Uva) were held on 20 September. Elections to the remaining six provincial councils were not due as they had their last election in 2012 or 2013.

The United People's Freedom Alliance's domination of Sri Lankan elections continued as expected. It retained control of both Southern Provincial Council and Western Provincial Council. However, the UPFA recorded a loss of votes in both provinces as did the main opposition party, the United National Party, in the Western Province. Instead, many analysts assert a large protest vote was evident during this provincial election with many either opting not to vote or to vote for minor parties such as the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, Democratic Party and Democratic People's Front.

Background

In an attempt to end the Sri Lankan Civil War the Indo-Lanka Accord was signed on 29 July 1987. One of the requirements of the accord was that the Sri Lankan government to devolve powers to the provinces.[1] Accordingly, on 14 November 1987 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987.[2] [3] On 3 February 1988 nine provincial councils were created by order.[4] The first elections for provincial councils took place on 28 April 1988 in North Central, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, and Uva provinces.[5] On 2 June 1988 elections were held for provincial councils for Central, Southern and Western provinces. The United National Party (UNP), which was in power nationally, won control of all seven provincial councils.

The Indo-Lanka Accord also required the merger of the Eastern and Northern provinces into one administrative unit. The accord required a referendum to be held by 31 December 1988 in the Eastern Province to decide whether the merger should be permanent. Crucially, the accord allowed the Sri Lankan president to postpone the referendum at his discretion.[1] On September 2 and 8 1988 President Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Eastern and Northern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected council, creating the North Eastern Province.[4] Elections in the newly merged North Eastern Province were held on 19 November 1988. The Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front, an Indian backed paramilitary group, won control of the North Eastern provincial council.

On 1 March 1990, just as the Indian Peace Keeping Force were preparing to withdraw from Sri Lanka, Annamalai Varadaraja Perumal, Chief Minister of the North Eastern Province, moved a motion in the North Eastern Provincial Council declaring an independent Eelam.[6] President Premadasa reacted to Permual's UDI by dissolving the provincial council and imposing direct rule on the province.

The 2nd Sri Lankan provincial council election was held in 1993 in seven provinces. The UNP retained control of six provincial councils but lost control of the largest provincial council, Western, to the opposition People's Alliance. A special election was held in Southern Province in 1994 after some UNP provincial councillors defected to the opposition. The PA won the election and took control of the Southern Provincial Council.

The 3rd Sri Lankan provincial council election was held in 1999 in seven provinces. The PA, which was now in power nationally, managed to win the majority of seats in two provinces (North Central and North Western). It was also able to form a majority administration in the other five provinces with the support of smaller parties such as the Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC) . The UNP regained control of the Central Provincial Council in 2002 after the CWC councillors crossed over to the opposition.[7]

The 4th Sri Lankan provincial council election was held in 2004 in seven provinces. The United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA), the successor to the PA, won all seven provinces.

On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the JVP filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka requesting a separate Provincial Council for the East.[4] On 16 October 2006 the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect.[4] The North Eastern Province was formally demerged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007.

The 5th Sri Lankan provincial council election was held on a staggered basis during 2008/09 in eight provinces including the newly demerged Eastern Province. The UPFA won all eight provinces.

The 6th Sri Lankan provincial council election was also held on a staggered basis during 2012-14 in eight provinces, including in the Northern Province for the first time in 25 years. Elections were held on 8 September 2012 in Eastern, North Central and Sabaragamuwa provinces. The UPFA won the majority of seats in two provinces (North Central and Sabaragamuwa) and was also able to form a majority administration in Eastern Provinces with the support of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. Elections were held on 21 September 2013 in Central, Northern and North Western provinces. The UPFA won the majority of seats in two provinces (Central and North Western) whilst the Tamil National Alliance won in the Northern Province.[8] [9] [10] Southern Provincial Council and Western Provincial Council were dissolved by their governors on 12 January 2014.[11] [12]

Results

Overall

The UPFA won control of both provincial councils (Southern and Western).

Alliances and parties Votes % Seats Councils
bgcolor=  United People's Freedom Alliance 2,063,083 54.86% 89 2
bgcolor=  990,113 26.33% 42 0
bgcolor=  279,299 7.43% 12 0
bgcolor=  265,240 7.05% 11 0
bgcolor=  51,000 1.36% 2 0
bgcolor=  50,934 1.35% 2 0
bgcolor=  15,491 0.41% 1 0
bgcolor=  18,283 0.49% 0 0
bgcolor=  8,216 0.22% 0 0
United Lanka People's Party 3,696 0.10% 0 0
Jana Setha Peramuna 3,176 0.08% 0 0
Patriotic National Front 2,084 0.06% 0 0
United Lanka Great Council 2,065 0.05% 0 0
New Democratic Front 1,696 0.05% 0 0
bgcolor=  1,387 0.04% 0 0
bgcolor=  1,343 0.04% 0 0
854 0.02% 0 0
Our National Front 649 0.02% 0 0
569 0.02% 0 0
All Are Citizens, All Are Kings Organisation 375 0.01% 0 0
United Peace Front 292 0.01% 0 0
New Sinhala Heritage 245 0.01% 0 0
bgcolor=  220 0.01% 0 0
155 0.00% 0 0
Motherland 136 0.00% 0 0
Valid Votes 3,760,601 100.00% 159 2
Rejected Votes 161,011
Total Polled 3,921,612
Registered Electors 5,910,877
Turnout 66.35%

Southern Province

Results of the 7th Southern Provincial Council election held on 29 March 2014:[16]

valign=bottom rowspan=2 colspan=2 width="200"Alliances and parties !valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="40"Bonus
Seats !		Total
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats
bgcolor=  293,619 57.58% 13 174,687 57.42% 8 231,102 59.19% 10 2 699,408 58.06% 33
bgcolor=  134,305 26.34% 6 79,829 26.24% 4 96,297 24.66% 4 0 310,431 25.77% 14
bgcolor=  30,529 5.99% 1 39,345 12.93% 2 39,158 10.03% 2 0 109,032 9.05% 5
bgcolor=  45,484 8.92% 2 9,547 3.14% 0 20,501 5.25% 1 0 75,532 6.27% 3
bgcolor=  1,277 0.25% 0 277 0.09% 0 616 0.16% 0 0 2,170 0.18% 0
United Lanka People's Party 1,241 0.24% 0 175 0.06% 0 207 0.05% 0 0 1,623 0.13% 0
bgcolor=  1,419 0.36% 0 0 1,419 0.12% 0
United Lanka Great Council 611 0.12% 0 156 0.05% 0 168 0.04% 0 0 935 0.08% 0
854 0.17% 0 0 854 0.07% 0
New Democratic Front 425 0.08% 0 225 0.06% 0 0 650 0.05% 0
bgcolor=  604 0.12% 0 0 604 0.05% 0
Patriotic National Front 366 0.07% 0 95 0.03% 0 139 0.04% 0 0 600 0.05% 0
Jana Setha Peramuna 172 0.03% 0 100 0.03% 0 95 0.02% 0 0 367 0.03% 0
Our National Front 319 0.08% 0 0 319 0.03% 0
183 0.04% 0 41 0.01% 0 14 0.00% 0 0 238 0.02% 0
84 0.02% 0 71 0.02% 0 0 155 0.01% 0
Motherland 136 0.03% 0 0 136 0.01% 0
bgcolor=  97 0.02% 0 0 97 0.01% 0
Valid Votes 509,890 100.00% 22 304,252 100.00% 14 390,428 100.00% 17 2 1,204,570 100.00% 55
Rejected Votes 21,135 10,879 15,712 47,726
Total Polled 531,025 315,131 406,140 1,252,296
Registered Electors 809,882 467,847 608,524 1,886,253
Turnout 65.57% 67.36% 66.74% 66.39%

Western Province

Results of the 6th Western Provincial Council election held on 29 March 2014:[17]

valign=bottom rowspan=2 colspan=2 width="200"Alliances and parties !valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="40"Bonus
Seats !		Total
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats !align=center valign=bottom width="50"Votes !align=center valign=bottom width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom width="40"Seats
bgcolor=  443,083 45.33% 18 582,668 57.98% 23 337,924 58.91% 13 2 1,363,675 53.35% 56
bgcolor=  285,538 29.21% 12 249,220 24.80% 10 144,924 25.26% 6 0 679,682 26.59% 28
bgcolor=  71,525 7.32% 3 88,557 8.81% 4 43,685 7.62% 2 0 203,767 7.97% 9
bgcolor=  74,437 7.62% 3 56,405 5.61% 2 25,366 4.42% 1 0 156,208 6.11% 6
bgcolor=  44,156 4.52% 2 6,844 0.68% 0 0 51,000 2.00% 2
bgcolor=  20,163 2.06% 1 17,296 1.72% 1 12,056 2.10% 0 0 49,515 1.94% 2
bgcolor=  15,491 1.58% 1 0 15,491 0.61% 1
bgcolor=  12,776 1.31% 0 1,042 0.10% 0 2,295 0.40% 0 0 16,113 0.63% 0
bgcolor=  3,885 0.40% 0 4,331 0.75% 0 0 8,216 0.32% 0
Jana Setha Peramuna 967 0.10% 0 831 0.08% 0 1,011 0.18% 0 0 2,809 0.11% 0
United Lanka People's Party 1,283 0.13% 0 535 0.05% 0 255 0.04% 0 0 2,073 0.08% 0
Patriotic National Front 797 0.08% 0 395 0.04% 0 292 0.05% 0 0 1,484 0.06% 0
bgcolor=  1,061 0.11% 0 229 0.02% 0 0 1,290 0.05% 0
United Lanka Great Council 256 0.03% 0 530 0.05% 0 344 0.06% 0 0 1,130 0.04% 0
New Democratic Front 1,046 0.11% 0 0 1,046 0.04% 0
bgcolor=  739 0.13% 0 0 739 0.03% 0
All Are Citizens, All Are Kings Organisation 375 0.07% 0 0 375 0.01% 0
120 0.01% 0 155 0.02% 0 56 0.01% 0 0 331 0.01% 0
Our National Front 330 0.03% 0 0 330 0.01% 0
United Peace Front 292 0.03% 0 0 292 0.01% 0
New Sinhala Heritage 245 0.02% 0 0 245 0.01% 0
bgcolor=  220 0.02% 0 0 220 0.01% 0
Valid Votes 977,426 100.00% 40 1,004,952 100.00% 40 573,653 100.00% 22 2 2,556,031 100.00% 104
Rejected Votes 43,762 40,713 28,810 113,285
Total Polled 1,021,188 1,045,665 602,463 2,669,316
Registered Electors 1,552,734 1,590,076 881,814 4,024,624
Turnout 65.77% 65.76% 68.32% 66.32%

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Indo Sri Lanka Agreement, 1987. Tamil Nation.
  2. Web site: Introduction. Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. Government of Sri Lanka. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090707214924/http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ProvicialCouncils.html. 7 July 2009. dmy-all.
  3. Web site: Amendments to the 1978 Constitution. Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. Government of Sri Lanka. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090817113810/http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/AMENDMENTS.html. 17 August 2009. dmy-all.
  4. News: Selvanayagam. S. S.. North-East merger illegal: SC. The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 17 October 2006. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130403231109/http://archives.dailymirror.lk/2006/10/17/front/02.asp. 3 April 2013. dmy-all.
  5. Web site: Ethnic Conflict of Sri Lanka: Time Line - From Independence to 1999. International Centre for Ethnic Studies9. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091212123102/http://www.ices.lk/sl_database/ethnic_conflict/time_line.shtml. 12 December 2009. dmy-all.
  6. News: I'm no traitor, says Perumal. Ferdinando. Shamindra. 10 September 2000. Sunday Island (Sri Lanka).
  7. News: Sri Nissanka. Jayantha. Central Provincial Council : UNF takes over. Daily News (Sri Lanka). 30 April 2002. 18 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20121014214606/http://www.dailynews.lk/2002/04/30/new06.html. 14 October 2012. dead.
  8. News: Aneez. Shihar. Sri Lanka's Tamil party sweeps polls, seeks trust from government. Reuters. 22 September 2013.
  9. News: Doherty. Ben. Tamil Party wins in election landslide. The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 September 2013.
  10. News: UPFA wins NWP and CP. The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 22 September 2013. 18 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20130925012948/http://www.dailymirror.lk/news/35834-upfa-wins-nwp-and-cp.html. 25 September 2013. dead.
  11. News: Gazette notifications signed. The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 12 January 2013.
  12. News: Ganewatta. Kasun. Southern and Western Provincial Councils are to be dissolved tonight. Ceylon Today. 12 January 2014.
  13. The All Ceylon Makkal Congress contested separately in one district and with the UPFA in other districts.
  14. The Ceylon Workers' Congress contested separately in two districts and with the UPFA in other districts.
  15. The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress contested separately in four districts and with the UPFA in other districts.
  16. Web site: Provincial Council Elections 2014 : Southern Province. Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
  17. Web site: Provincial Council Elections 2014 : Western Province. Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.

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