March 1924 Explained
The following events occurred in March 1924:
March 1, 1924 (Saturday)
- The Nixon Nitration Works disaster, an explosion of ammonium nitrate, killed at least 18 people, destroyed several miles of New Jersey factories, and demolished the "tiny industrial town of Nixon, New Jersey."[1]
- Public vehicles such as taxicabs were allowed into London's Hyde Park for the first time since 1636, after the House of Commons had repealed the ban on motion by M.P. Ben Smith.[2] The 1636 law had made Hyde Park "reserved for people who kept their own carriages." Smith himself had been a taxicab driver prior to becoming an official in the Transport and General Workers' Union.[3] [4]
- The Communist Party of Germany was legally reinstated.[5] It had been banned in November 1923 after it tried to launch a general strike.[6]
- Alice's Day at Sea, the first of 57 films in Walt Disney's Alice Comedies series, was introduced to American cinemas as a short (11-minute) movie to be shown prior to a feature film.[7] The silent film featured 5-year-old Virginia Davis in a combination of live action and animation. An earlier Alice comedy, Alice's Wonderland, had been shown to theater owners but never released to the public.
- Born: Deke Slayton, U.S. astronaut who was one of the original Mercury 7 and who later served on the Apollo–Soyuz mission in 1975; in Sparta, Wisconsin (d. 1993)[8]
- Died:
March 2, 1924 (Sunday)
March 3, 1924 (Monday)
- Shefqet Vërlaci became the new Prime Minister of Albania after Ahmet Zogu's serious injury in the assassination attempt of February 23.[12]
- The Turkish National Assembly formally ended the Ottoman Caliphate that had operated for 407 years, voting "almost unanimously" to abolish the office,[13] and ordered that Abdulmejid II and his harem were to be deported by March 15. Abdulmejid, first cousin of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, who had become religious leader of Islam upon being elected Caliph on November 19, was formally deposed at 2:00 the next morning.[14]
- Seán O'Casey's drama Juno and the Paycock opened at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.[15]
- Born:
- Died: Pell Trenton (stage name for William T. Baker), 40, American film actor, star of The Blue Moon and other silent movies, died of pulmonary tuberculosis
March 4, 1924 (Tuesday)
- A 7.1 magnitude earthquake, with an epicenter at Orotina in Costa Rica, struck at 5:23 in the morning local time[16] and killed 70 people. Damage was caused in the capital at San Jose, away.[17]
- Aidan de Brune became the first person to walk all the way around Australia, returning to Sydney from whence he had departed on September 20, 1921.[18]
- The University of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team completed a perfect season of 26 wins and no losses, as one of the major unbeaten team in the nation, by winning the 16-team Southern Intercollegiate Conference postseason tournament, defeating the Alabama Crimson Tide, 26 to 18, in Atlanta.[19] The University of Texas Longhorns also went unbeaten, finishing the Southwest Conference regular season with a 23-0 record and being 20-0 in SWC games, but did not play against North Carolina.[20]
- Born:
March 5, 1924 (Wednesday)
March 6, 1924 (Thursday)
- In an elaborate nighttime ceremony at Luxor under floodlights, Egypt's Prime Minister Saad Zaghloul formally opened the site of Tutankamun's tomb to the Egyptian public, which reportedly attracted the largest crowd seen in Luxor. The reopening turned into an anti-British demonstration when the British High Commissioner, Field Marshal Allenby, arrived when the crowd was demanding immediate British withdrawal from Egypt.[23]
- Turkey's first government was reorganized as Prime Minister Ismet Pasha formed a new council of ministers at the request of President Mustapha Kemal Ataturk.[24] Ismet replaced four members of his Cabinet and eliminated the Ministry of Sharia and Foundations, and the Ministry of the General Staff while splitting the Ministry of the Economy into the new Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Agriculture.
- Born: Obi James Anyasi II, African tribal monarch who ruled the Esan people of Idumuje-Unor in southeast Nigeria from 1946 to 2013 (d. 2013)
March 7, 1924 (Friday)
- The Delahueristas, rebel supporters of former Mexican President Adolfo de la Huerta, surrendered across Mexico as President Álvaro Obregón offered an amnesty, bringing an end to the De la Huerta rebellion after three months.[25]
- A representative of the Irish Republican Army Organisation (IRAO) handed an ultimatum to Ireland's President W. T. Cosgrave, from Major-General Liam Tobin and Colonel Charles Dalton, demanding an end to Defence Minister Richard Mulcahy's demobilization of Irish Army troops.[26] Mulcahy ordered the arrest of both officers on charges of mutiny.[27]
- Born: Kōbō Abe, Japanese novelist; in Kita, Tokyo (d. 1993)
- Died: Pat Moran, 48, American baseball player from 1901 to 1914, manager of the Cincinnati Reds in 1922 and 1923, died of kidney disease during spring training in Florida while preparing for the 1924 National League season.[28]
March 8, 1924 (Saturday)
- All 171 miners were killed in two explosions at the Castle Gate mine at Castle Gate, Utah, near the town of Helper.[29]
- The Governor-General of British India, Lord Reading transferred full power of administration of the princely state of Bahawalpur (now part of the Punjab province of Pakistan) to the 19-year-old Nawab of Bahawalpur, Sadeq Mohammad Khan V who had been the nominal ruler since ascending the throne at the age of two on February 15, 1907.[30]
- Inventor Nikola Tesla spoke out for the first time in years, announcing he had perfected a system of transmitting power without wires.[31]
- Georgios Kafantaris was forced by the Greek Army to resign as Prime Minister of Greece, along with his cabinet, less than a month after succeeding Eleftherios Venizelos, after refusing to endorse the Army's call for the abolition of the monarchy in favor of a republic. Kafantaris had proposed a referendum on the future of the monarchy while the Army requested an immediate change.[32]
- The Kingdom of Greece established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, a policy that continued even after the kingdom was abolished less than one month later.
- Born:
- Walter Chiari (stage name for Walter Annicchiarico), Italian stage and film actor; in Verona (d. 1991)
- Louie Nunn, American politician and the only Republican governor of the U.S. state of Kentucky during the second half of the 20th century; in Park, Kentucky (d. 2004)
- Sean McClory, Irish-born U.S. television and film actor; in Dublin (d. 2003)
- Died: Alfred Holland Smith, 60, President of the New York Central Railroad, was killed when he fell from a horse while riding through New York City's Central Park.[33]
March 9, 1924 (Sunday)
- The French Cabinet held an emergency meeting to consider extraordinary measures to stabilize the collapsing franc,[34] which dropped to 117.60 francs against the British pound sterling.[35]
- Died: General Panagiotis Danglis, 70, former Greek Army leader and Minister of Military Affairs during World War One, co-inventor of the Schneider-Danglis mountain gun
March 10, 1924 (Monday)
March 11, 1924 (Tuesday)
- The worst Atlantic gale in twenty years hit the east coast of the United States, downing telephone and telegraph lines and killing nine people.[41]
- Belva Gaertner, a cabaret singer, was arrested for the murder of her abusive lover, Walter Law, who was found dead from a bullet wound in her car in Chicago. She would be acquitted based on reasonable doubt over whether Law's death was a murder or a suicide. The story would be the inspiration of the Maurine Dallas Watkins Broadway play, Chicago in 1926, and for the successful John Kander and Fred Ebb musical Chicago in 1975.[42]
- Born:
- Died:
March 12, 1924 (Wednesday)
March 13, 1924 (Thursday)
March 14, 1924 (Friday)
March 15, 1924 (Saturday)
- Voting was held in the Dominican Republic for the next president and for the bicameral Congress. Horacio Vásquez defeated Jacinto Peynado by more than 2 to 1 margin, and his Progressive National Alliance party won 24 of the 31 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 10 of the 12 seats in the Dominican Senate.[54]
- Egypt's King Fuad I opened the initial session of the first-ever Egyptian constitutional parliament.[55]
- King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy gave the warrior-poet Gabriele D'Annunzio the title of Prince of Montenevoso.[56]
- England beat Scotland, 19 to 0, to clinch a perfect 4–0 record in the Five Nations Championship rugby tournament and complete a Grand Slam.
- Kenya held a legislative election, the first under its new Constitution.
- Born:
- Died:
- Louis Atilla (stage name for Ludwig Durlacher), 79, German strongman and personal trainer to members of royalty and high society.[57]
- Brigadier General Richard Henry Pratt, 83, controversial U.S. educator and superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School known for his policy of cultural assimilation of Native Americans into Anglo-Saxon culture. General Pratt is credited with coining, in 1902, the word racism but also his summary of erasing the native culture with the phrase "Kill the Indian...save the man."[58]
- Major General DeRosey Cabell, 62, chief of staff for General John J. Pershing of the U.S. Expedition into Mexico in 1916 to 1917 after Villa's attack on Columbus, New Mexico.[59]
- Daniel Ridgway Knight, 84, American artist
March 16, 1924 (Sunday)
- Italy formally annexed Fiume in a colorful ceremony. Crowds cheered as King Victor Emmanuel III read the annexation decree.[60]
- Born:
- Died:
- Robert Lincoln Poston, 33, African-American newspaper editor and journalist, died of lobar pneumonia
- Annie Matheson, 70, British writer known for Florence Nightingale: A biography and for her "Rose and Dragon" children's book series.[61]
March 17, 1924 (Monday)
March 18, 1924 (Tuesday)
March 19, 1924 (Wednesday)
- Winston Churchill of the Constitutionalists lost the Westminster Abbey by-election by 43 votes to Unionist candidate Otho Nicholson, who had 8,187 votes to Churchill's 8,144.[64] Churchill had originally lost by 33 votes and requested a recount, which showed a larger winning majority.[65]
- Bertolt Brecht's play The Life of Edward II of England (Leben Eduards des Zweiten von England) was given its first performance, premiering at the Munich Kammerspiele.
- Born:
- F. C. Kohli (Faqir Chand Kohli), Indian software producer, information technology entrepreneur, and founder of Tata Consultancy Services, in Peshawar, Punjab Province, British India (now Punjab province in Pakistan (d. 2020)
- Mary Wimbush, British film, television, radio and stage actress; in Kenton, Middlesex (now in Greater London) (d. 2005)
- Keith Brueckner, American theoretical physicist; in Minneapolis (d. 2014)
- Lev Kulidzhanov, Soviet Armenian film director; in Tiflis, Transcaucasian SFSR, Soviet Union (d. 2002)
- Died:
March 20, 1924 (Thursday)
In the U.S., the Virginia General Assembly passed the Racial Integrity Act, amending the state's racial classification law which had provided that a person was considered to be "colored" if they had a great-grandparent who was African-American. The amendment enacted the "one-drop rule", which provided that a person was considered non-white if it was shown that they had any ancestor who was African-American. The 1924 Act had what was called the "Pocahontas Clause" providing that a person with an American Indian ancestor would be considered white if they were 15/16ths European.[68]
- Born: James Barr, Scottish Biblical scholar; in Glasgow (d. 2006)[69]
- Died:
March 21, 1924 (Friday)
- The first modern mutual fund, the Massachusetts Investors Trust, was introduced by Edward G. Leffler with an open-ended policy that allowed investors to withdraw their account money at any time from the collective investment.[70]
- A British soldier was killed, and 21 others wounded, in a drive-by shooting at Queenstown in Ireland's County Cork. Four IRA members dressed as Irish Free State Army officers drove into town in a converted 1919 Rolls-Royce, dubbed the "Moon Car". As the Moon Car drove past the destroyer at the port of Spike Island, the men opened fire with a machine gun.[71]
- London drivers of trams and public buses went on strike.[72]
- Boxer Abe Goldstein won the world bantamweight championship in a 15-round bout against Joe Lynch before 14,900 people at Madison Square Garden in New York City.[73]
- Born: Harry Lehmann, German physicist; in Güstrow (d. 1998)
- Died: T. E. Dunville (stage name for Thomas Edward Wallen), 56, English comedian, committed suicide one day after his final stage performance. He left a suicide note for his wife, and his body was found in the River Thames the next day.[74]
March 22, 1924 (Saturday)
- The ocean liner collided with the smaller liner Fort St George in New York City. The damage required repairs to the extent of which had never been attempted on a ship the size of Olympic before.[75]
- Born:
- Died:
- Louis Delluc, 33, French filmmaker, died of pneumonia after becoming ill during the filming of his final film, L'Inondation. The Prix Louis-Delluc for Best Film is named in his honor.
- Siegmund Gabriel, 72, German chemist and discoverer of the Gabriel synthesis, the chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines, using potassium phthalimide
- Walter Humphreys Sr., 74, English cricketer and umpire
- Sir William Macewen, 75,[76] pioneering Scottish surgeon who developed the Macewen's operation for an inguinal hernia; and discovered the Macewen's sign for diagnosing hydrocephalus.
- General Robert Nivelle, 67, French Chief of the Army Staff, known for the Nivelle offensive on the Western Front during World War One.
March 23, 1924 (Sunday)
March 24, 1924 (Monday)
March 25, 1924 (Tuesday)
- The Greek Parliament voted to depose King George II and declare the Second Hellenic Republic.[79] A public referendum on the issue was set for April 13.
- The Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) defeated the Calgary Tigers of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), 3 to 0, to win the Stanley Cup, two games to none in a best-of-three series.[80] The game was played in Ottawa because the natural ice at the March 22 first game at Montreal's Mount Royal Arena had turned to slush in warmer than normal temperatures, on a day with a high of 42F.[81]
- A three-man team of British fliers, led by navigator Archibald Stuart-MacLaren, accompanied by pilot William Noble Plenderleith and flight engineer Sergeant W. H. Andrews, became the first of six different groups to attempt the first trip around the world by airplane. The British team departed from Calshot Aerodrome, near Southampton, in a Vickers Vulture II Mark VI amphibious biplane.[82] [83] Other teams from the U.S., Portugal, France, Italy and Argentina, would depart between April and June on different routes to cover a global trip of at least with plans to return the site of their takeoff.[84] The British attempt would eventually end on August 4 when Plenderleith was forced to make a forced sea landing in which the aircraft was badly damaged.[85]
- Born: Roberts Blossom, American film actor and poet; in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 2011)[86]
March 26, 1924 (Wednesday)
March 27, 1924 (Thursday)
- The first elected parliament in the Kingdom of Iraq, the 100-member Constituent Assembly, was opened in Baghdad by King Faisal I and directed to draw up the Middle Eastern nation's first constitution, which would be ratified in 1925.[91]
- Raymond Poincaré accepted President Alexandre Millerand's request to form a new government.
- Erich Ludendorff and Adolf Hitler made their final addresses as their trial for treason wound down in Munich.[92]
- The New York Philharmonic orchestra began its tradition of the Young People's Concerts, with guest conductor Ernest Schelling providing a description of aspects to be listened for in the music that would be heard, or about the parts of the orchestra itself. From 1926 onward, a concert would be performed every month.
- Irrelohe, a three-act opera by German composer Franz Schreker premiered at the Stadttheater Köln in Köln, with Otto Klemperer as conductor.[93] Irrelohe, German for a crazy fire, was named by Schreker for the Irrenlohe station, a railway stop in Bavaria.
- Born:
- Died: John George Alexander Leishman, 66, U.S. diplomat and former steel company executive who had served as the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire 1901—1909; Italy, 1909—1911; and Germany 1911—1913
March 28, 1924 (Friday)
- U.S. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty resigned over the Teapot Dome scandal.[94]
- Total S.A., one of the major energy product and sales companies worldwide, was founded in France, under the name Campagnie Francaise des Petroles.[95]
- The Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse in England was won by Master Robert, a 25 to 1 long shot, ridden by Bob Trudgill and trained by Aubrey Hastings.[96]
- Born:
- Died:
- Józef Sebastian Pelczar, 82, Polish Roman Catholic cleric, Bishop of Przemysl and co-founder of the Sister Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus; Pelczar would be elevated to sainthood in 2003.[97]
- Zoel García de Galdeano, 77, Spanish mathematician
March 29, 1924 (Saturday)
- The first known Motocross in the United Kingdom took place at Camberley, Surrey, with a "scramble race" of 89 riders, rather than the individual time trials that had been staged by clubs. Rather than everyone starting at once, however, riders started once per minute, riding two laps on a challenging course long.[98]
- The popular musical Wildflower, with music by Herbert Stothart and Vincent Youmans, and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and Otto Harbach, closed at the Casino Theatre on Broadway after 477 performances, following its premiere on February 7, 1923.[99]
- Jews in Bucharest in Romania were targeted by rioters in nighttime attacks that continued into the next morning.[100]
- Born:
- Died:
March 30, 1924 (Sunday)
- The first radio broadcaster in the German state of Bavaria, Bayerischer Rundfunk, began broadcasting from Munich at 5:00 in the afternoon under the name "Deutsche Stunde in Bayern".
- In the U.S., the drinking of denatured alcohol at a party in Toledo, Ohio killed at least 12 people.[101]
- The German People's Party announced in its election platform that it stood for a "new democratic monarchy". One of their election slogans was, "We are fighting under the colours of the black, white and red".[102]
- The historical drama film Beau Brummel, starring John Barrymore, was released.
- Born:
- Died: Glen MacDonough, 57, American opera librettist best known for 1903's Babes in Toyland[103]
March 31, 1924 (Monday)
- The air transport company Imperial Airways was founded in the United Kingdom by the merger of the UK's four existing airlines, Handley Page Transport, Instone Air Line, Daimler Airway and British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd. The four combined their aircraft for a fleet of 13 planes operating out of Croydon Airport to serve international flights to and from London.[104] In 1939, Imperial would merge with British Airways Ltd to form British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), which would merge in 1974, fifty years from the day of Imperial's founding, with British European Airways to create British Airways.
- The London tram and bus drivers' strike ended after a vote on a new wage package from the transport companies.[105]
- Born:
- B. S. Perera (Balasuriyage Steven Perera), popular Sri Lankan stage and film actor who appeared in over 180 movies in a 22-year career; in Colombo, Ceylon (d. 1982)[106]
- Leo Buscaglia (pen name for Felice Leonardo Buscaglia), American professor, author and motivational speaker who popularized hugging in the U.S. in the 1970s and wrote multiple books, starting with Love in 1972; in Los Angeles (d. 1998)[107]
Notes and References
- News: Blast Levels a Town: TNT, Being Changed to Fertilizer, Blows Up, Killing 18 . . March 5, 1924 . 2.
- "Public Vehicles in Hyde Park", Daily Telegraph (London), March 3, 1924, p.11
- "The Taxi-Driver M.P.— Labour's New M.P.", Daily Herald (London), March 14, 1924, p.4
- Book: Mercer, Derrik . 1989 . Chronicle of the 20th Century . London . Chronicle Communications Ltd. . 316–317 . 978-0-582-03919-3.
- Book: Serge, Victor . Victor Serge . 2011 . Witness to the German Revolution . . . 978-1-60846-172-1.
- Book: Ceplair, Larry . 1987 . Under the Shadow of War: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, and Marxists, 1918–1939 . . . 49 . 0-231-06532-9.
- Web site: Alice's Day at Sea . Internet Movie Database.
- Web site: Gray . Tara . 40th Anniversary of Mercury 7: Donald K. "Deke" Slayton . 1999 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201115205713/https://history.nasa.gov/40thmerc7/slayton.htm . November 15, 2020 . NASA History Program Office . September 13, 2023.
- News: Billy Armstrong, Film Star, Dead . . . March 3, 1924 . 11.
- Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938 . Amit Kumar . Gupta . The Social Scientist . September–October 1997 . 3–27.
- News: Sheean . Vincent . March 3, 1924 . Cardinal Asks Belgian Women to Ban Silk Hose . . 10.
- Book: Elsie, Robert . Robert Elsie . 2010 . Historical Dictionary of Albania (2nd Ed.) . limited . Plymouth . Scarecrow Press . 105 . 978-0-8108-6188-6.
- News: People's Party of Turkey Votes to Banish Caliphate . . . March 3, 1924 . 18.
- News: March 4, 1924 . Turkey Votes to Depose Caliph; Harem Packs Up . . 5.
- Web site: Juno and the Paycock . PlayographyIreland . Irish Theatre Institute . . January 16, 2015.
- News: Costa Rican Capital Wrecked by Earthquake, Lives Lost— Half of San Jose Buildings Damaged in Shocks . . March 4, 1924 . 1.
- Web site: Preparation lacking for those inevitable earthquakes . Baker . Garland M. . October 12, 2009 . A.M. Costa Rica . January 16, 2015.
- Book: Choat, Colin . The Amateur Tramp: A Walk of Ten Thousand Miles Around Australia . . 2018 . 18.
- News: Carolina Gallops to S. I. C. Championship— They Trounce Alabama, 26–18 . . March 5, 1924 . 9.
- https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/seasons/men/1924-standings.html "1923-24 Men's College Basketball Conference Standings"
- "King of the Hedjaz Accepts Caliphate— Moslems of Three Arab Countries Offer Him Position as Head of Islam", AP report in Boston Globe, March 7, 1924, p.13
- Book: Brown, L. Carl . 2000 . Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics . New York . Columbia University Press . 117 . 0-231-12038-9 .
- News: Egyptians Reopen Tomb of Pharaoh; Ceremonies Become the Occasion for Frenzied Nationalist Demonstration . . March 7, 1924 . 4.
- News: Turkish Premier Quits— President Asks Him to Form Another Cabinet . . March 7, 1924 . 3.
- News: March 8, 1924 . Mexican Revolt Ends as Obregon Offers Amnesty . Chicago Daily Tribune. 5 .
- "Irish Mutiny. Officers Abscond With Arms", The Times (London), March 10, 1924
- Book: Portrait of a Revolutionary: General Richard Mulcahy and the Founding of the Irish Free State. 0813117917. Valiulis. Maryann Gialanella. 1992.
- "Pat Moran Dies at Reds' Camp in Florida— bright's Disease Causes Death of Noted Baseball Pilot, Who Gave Phillies and Cincinnati Only National League Pennants", Philadelphia Inquirer, March 8, 1924, p.22
- Web site: 1924: Castle Gate Mine Explosion . Utah Division of State History . . January 16, 2015.
- Web site: Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan V . 28 March 2019 . 24 May 2012 . 18 August 2022 . dead . Story of Pakistan website . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328043424/https://storyofpakistan.com/nawab-sadiq-muhammad-khan-v.
- News: March 9, 1924 . Tesla Invents Plan to Transmit Power by Wireless System . . 5.
- News: Cabinet of Greece Resigns Under Fire . . March 8, 1924 . 16.
- News: A. H. Smith Killed by Fall From Horse . The New York Times . March 9, 1924 . 21.
- News: Wales . Henry . March 10, 1924 . French Rulers Plan Desperate Aid to Francs . Chicago Daily Tribune. 2 .
- "Fresh Decline in French Franc; Discuss Cause", Montreal Star, March 8, 1924, p.16
- News: Henning . Arthur Sears . March 11, 1924 . Gusher of Oil Bubbles Up in Senate Derrick . . 1.
- News: March 11, 1924 . France Obtains $50,000,000 to Bolster Franc . . 1.
- Steele . John . March 12, 1924 . British Pledge $21,500,000 Aid to Help Save Falling Franc . . 3.
- Web site: Radice v. New York . . Justia . January 16, 2015 .
- News: Honduran Dictator Gutierrez Is Dead; He Fled From Tegucigalpa, Trying to Come Here for Insulin Treatment . The New York Times . 13.
- News: March 12, 1924 . Worst Gale in Years batters East; 9 Killed . . 3.
- Book: Chicago: With the Chicago Tribune Articles that Inspired It . Thomas H. . Pauly . . 1997.
- Franco Basaglia (1924–1980): Three decades (1979–2009) as a bridge between the Italian and Brazilian mental health reform . Paolo . Fusar-Poli . Paolo Fusar-Poli . etal . . October 2009 . 100–103.
- Web site: Bill Ezinicki Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Salary, Title . . 18 September 2023.
- News: Dancer Eva von Gencsy's legacy is all that ballet-jazz . Paula . Citron . . . April 29, 2013.
- Web site: Chichester Alexander Bell . RecordingPioneers.com.
- Encyclopedia: Regula . Ludi . Mülinen, Helene von . Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) . 23 February 2021 . Online . de . 18 September 2023.
- Web site: Mexico (1906–present) . . January 16, 2015.
- Encyclopedia: Javorzyna . Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements . Edmund Jan . Osmańczyk . Edmund Osmańczyk . Anthony . Mango . . 2003 . 1199.
- News: Clayton . John . March 14, 1924 . Socialism in Germany Dies; Reichstag Shut . . 1.
- News: March 15, 1924 . Yankee Settles Memel Issue . . 7.
- News: March 20, 1924 . Rebels Put New Honduran Rule to Wild Flight . . 13.
- Cooke . WE . Fibrosis of the Lungs Due to the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust . . July 26, 1924 . 2 . 3317 . 147–140.2 . 10.1136/bmj.2.3317.147 . 20771679 . 2304688 .
- Dieter Nohlen, Elections in the Americas: A data handbook (Nomos, 2005), Vol. I, p247
- Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Egypt: A Country Study (Federal Research Division, 1991) p.50
- News: March 16, 1924 . Italian King Makes D'Annunzio Prince of Montenevoso . Chicago Daily Tribune. 5 .
- "Requiem for a Strongman: Reassessing the Career of Reassessing the Career of Professor Louis Attila", by Kim Beckwith and Jan Todd, Iron Game History (July 2002) pp. 42–55
- https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/01/05/260006815/the-ugly-fascinating-history-of-the-word-racism "The Ugly, Fascinating History Of The Word 'Racism'", by Gene Demby, National Public Radio, January 6, 2014
- Henry Blaine Davis Jr., Generals in Khaki (Pentland Press, 1998) pp. 64–65
- News: March 17, 1924 . Mussolini Made "Consul of King" For Fiume Fete . . 15.
- Web site: Late Nineteenth-and Early Twentieth-Century British Women Poets . Boos . Florence . 2001 . Gale . Alt URL
- Book: Thomas, Lowell. The First World Flight. registration. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1925. Boston & New York.
- "Mulcahy, Richard (1886–1971)", by Maryann Gialanella Valiulis, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
- "Abbey Election— Mr. Churchill Defeated", Westerham (Kent) Herald, March 29, 1924, p.2
- Book: Jenkins, Roy . Roy Jenkins . Churchill: A Biography.
- Book: Wegg, John . Finnair. The Art of Flying since 1923 . Finnair Oy . 1983 . 23.
- Book: Noll, Steven . Feeble-Minded in Our Midst: Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in the South, 1900-1940 . . 2018.
- Web site: Opinion: Why One Drop Matters . Floyd . Jami . Jami Floyd . February 10, 2011 . . January 16, 2015.
- Book: Adams, Sean A. . James Barr and Theological Lexicography . Pillars in the History of Biblical Interpretation . . 2016 . 319.
- 85 Innovations 1917-1938: 1924: Mutual Fund . https://web.archive.org/web/20030112130500/http://forbes.com/free_forbes/2002/1223/124_8.html . 12 January 2003 . . December 23, 2002 . 8.
- Web site: The Moon Car . Clothier . John . Rolls-Royce Enthusiasts Club . January 16, 2015.
- News: March 22, 1924 . 5,000,000 Must Walk as London Bus and Tram Strike Begins . . 3.
- News: Abe Goldstein Beats Joe Lynch for Title; Wins World's Bantamweight Championship in 15-Round Decision Bout at Garden . The New York Times . March 22, 1924 . 10.
- News: Tragic End of Lost Comedian— T. E. Dunville Found Drowned Near Old Home . . March 24, 1924 . 2.
- Web site: RMS Olympic . Goossens . Reuben . SS Maritime . January 16, 2015 .
- "Famous Surgeon Dead— Sir Wm. Macewen Was Professor at Glasgow", Montreal Gazette, March 25, 1924, p.6
- News: March 24, 1924 . Mussolini Says Fascism Has Put Italy on Feet . . 5.
- News: March 25, 1924 . House Votes $10,000,000 German Relief . . 1.
- News: Assembly Declares Greece a Republic—This Is Subject to Confirmation of Its Action by a Popular Referendum . The New York Times . March 26, 1924 . 1.
- News: Canadiens Hockey Champions, Taking Hard-Fought Game— Locals Defeated Calgary 3 to 0 in Final of Stanley Cup Series . . March 26, 1924 . 16.
- News: Calgary Is One Down in Hockey Final— N.H.L. Champions Triumph 6-1 in Game Played on Very Heavy Ice . . March 22, 1924.
- "23,254 Miles Trip by Air— Start Of British World Flight", Birmingham (England) Gazette, March 26, 1924, p.1
- Flight. 27 March 1924. The Vickers "Vulture" Amphibian. 173.
- Flight. 27 March 1924. The Vickers "Vulture" Amphibian. 173.
- Web site: HMCS Thiepval and the Race Around the World 1924. Salmon. Dan. MacFarlane. John. Nauticapedia. 26 May 2019.
- Web site: Roberts Blossom - Broadway Cast & Staff . Internet Broadway Database . The Broadway League . 18 September 2023.
- News: Wales . Henry . March 27, 1924 . Poincaré to Take Reins of France Again . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204741/http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/heads.php?gid=81965 "Friedrich (Karl) Akel"
- News: March 27, 1924 . Landslides Kill 73 in Italy; Rush to Rescue Yanks . Chicago Daily Tribune. 1 .
- March 28, 1924 . Landslide at Beauty Spot of Italy Kills Hundred . Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 .
- Book: Al-Wardi, Ali . Social Aspects of Iraq's Modern History . AlWarraq Press . 1976 . 270–300.
- Book: Childers, Thomas . Thomas Childers . 1983 . The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919–1933 . Internet Archive . University of North Carolina Press . 57 . 0-8078-1570-5 . registration.
- Book: Hailey, Christopher . Franz Schreker, 1878–1934: A cultural biography . . 1993.
- News: Daugherty Is Ousted by Coolidge; Turns on President and Accusers . The New York Times . March 29, 1924 . 1.
- Web site: The Emergence of the French Oil Industry between the Two Wars . Mohamed . Sassi . . 2004 . 17.
- Web site: Grand National 1924.
- Web site: Saint Joseph Sebastian Pelczar . CatholicSaints.Info.
- Book: Woods, Bob . Motocross History: From Local Scrambling to World Championship MX to Freestyle . Crabtree Publishing . 2008 . 12.
- Book: Mantle, Burns . Burns Mantle . The Best Plays of 1922–1923 . Small, Maynard and Co. . 1923 . 529.
- News: Fendrick . Raymond . March 31, 1924 . Stones for Jews, Cheers for Ford in Bucharest . . 12.
- "Denatured Alcohol Kills 12 in Toledo— Half Dozen More In Hospital And Two Are Expected to Die From Poison", Baltimore Sun, April 2, 1924, p.1
- News: Schultz . Sigrid . Sigrid Schultz . March 31, 1924 . German People's Party Boosts for Monarchy . . 5.
- News: Glen MacDonough Dies; Author and Librettist . . . March 31, 1924 . 2.
- Web site: November 11, 2007 . Imperial Airways . https://web.archive.org/web/20071111050826/http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/coming%20of%20age/imperial%20airways.htm . Century-of-Flight.
- Web site: Monday, 31 March 1924 . Takemeback . January 16, 2015.
- News: Inimitable B. S. Pereira . . . March 25, 2019.
- News: Leo Buscaglia, TV Advocate of Love's Power, Dies at 74 . Robert McG. Jr. . Thomas . Robert McG. Thomas Jr. . The New York Times . June 13, 1998.
