March 13 Explained
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
- 1920 - The Kapp Putsch briefly ousts the Weimar Republic government from Berlin.[18]
- 1930 - The news of the discovery of Pluto is announced by Lowell Observatory.[19]
- 1940 - The Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union officially ends after the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty.[20]
- 1943 - The Holocaust: German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.[21]
- 1954 - The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage by Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp; Viet Minh victory led to the end of the First Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.[22]
- 1957 - Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.[23]
- 1969 - Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.[24]
- 1974 - Sierra Pacific Airlines Flight 802 crashes into the White Mountains near Bishop, California, killing 36.[25]
- 1979 - The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts the Prime Minister of Grenada, Eric Gairy, in a coup d'état.[26]
- 1988 - The Seikan Tunnel, the longest tunnel in the world with an undersea segment, opens between Aomori and Hakodate, Japan.[27]
- 1992 - The 6.6 Erzincan earthquake strikes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).[28]
- 1993 - The 1993 Storm of the Century affects the eastern United States, dropping feet of snow in many areas.[29]
- 1996 - The Dunblane massacre leads to the death of sixteen primary school children and one teacher in Dunblane, Scotland.[30]
- 1997 - The Missionaries of Charity choose Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as their leader.[31]
- 2003 - An article in Nature identifies the Ciampate del Diavolo as 350,000-year-old hominid footprints.[32]
- 2012 - The Sierre coach crash kills 28 people, including 22 children.[33]
- 2013 - The 2013 papal conclave elects Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio taking the name Pope Francis as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.[34]
- 2016 - The Ankara bombing kills at least 37 people.[35]
Notes and References
- W. Montgomery Watt (1956), Muhammad at Medina Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 12. Watt notes that the date for the battle is also recorded as the 19th or the 21st of Ramadan (15 or 17 March 624).
- Book: Parker . Geoffrey . Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II . 2014 . Yale University Press . 978-0-300-21044-6 . 151 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Kaba . Lansiné . Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591-1612) . The Journal of African History . 1981 . 22 . 4 . 457–475 . 10.1017/S0021853700019861 . 181298 . 11632225 . 41500711 . 0021-8537.
- Book: Morison . Samuel Eliot . The Founding of Harvard College . 1995 . Harvard University Press . 978-0-674-31451-1 . 221 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Jones . Grant D. . The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom . 1998 . Stanford University Press . 978-0-8047-3522-3 . xix . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Web site: the battle of cartagena de indias,Jenkins Ear War. www.grandesbatallas.es. 2020-04-10.
- Book: Kamp . P. . Dark Companions of Stars: Astrometric Commentary on the Lower End of the Main Sequence . 1986 . Springer Science & Business Media . 978-90-277-2270-6 . 281 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Scott . Franklin Daniel . Sweden, the Nation's History . 1988 . SIU Press . 978-0-8093-1489-8 . 295 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Woodman, Richard . Richard Woodman . 2001 . The Sea Warriors . Constable Publishers . 255–56. 1-84119-183-3.
- Price, Munro. Napoleon: The End of Glory. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Web site: Quo Graviora. March 13, 1826.
- Book: Rudolf . Max . Rudolf . William . A Musical Life: Writings and Letters . 2001 . Pendragon Press . 978-1-57647-038-1 . 186 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Dill . Marshall . Germany: A Modern History . 1970 . University of Michigan Press . 978-0-472-07101-2 . 105 . registration . march 13. . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Web site: Additional Article of War, March 13, 1862 . www.freedmen.umd.edu . 16 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190825234718/http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/artwar.htm . 25 August 2019 . live .
- Book: Sandler . Stanley . Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia . 2002 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1-57607-344-5 . 459 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- 251070 . Ritter Island . 2023-03-14.
- Book: Martin . Arthur Clive . The Concentration Camps, 1900-1902: Facts Figures, and Fables . 1956 . H. Timmins . 1 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Richards . Michael D. . Waibel . Paul R. . Twentieth-Century Europe: A Brief History, 1900 to the Present . 2014 . John Wiley & Sons . 978-1-118-65138-4 . 125 . 16 February 2020 . en.
- Hoyt . William Graves . W. H. Pickering's Planetary Predictions and the Discovery of Pluto . Isis . December 1976 . 67 . 4 . 551–564 . 10.1086/351668 . 794024 . 26512655 .
- Web site: 70th Anniversary of the End of the Winter War. Yle News. 13 March 2010. 13 March 2022.
- Book: Rubin . Arnon . Facts and Fictions about the Rescue of the Polish Jewry During the Holocaust: Jewish welfare services in the occupied Poland . 2003 . Tel Aviv University Press . 978-965-555-144-0 . 8 . 22 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Davidson . Phillip B. . Vietnam at War: The History, 1946-1975 . 1991 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-506792-7 . 234 . 22 February 2020 . en.
- Book: Bonachea . Ramon L. . Cuban Insurrection 1952-1959 . 2018 . Routledge . 978-1-351-52470-4 . 22 February 2020 . en.
- Web site: Mansfield . Cheryl L. . Apollo 9 . NASA . 22 February 2020 . en . 9 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191217201729/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo9.html . 17 December 2019 . live .
- Web site: 1975-01-10 . Aircraft Accident Report - Sierra Pacific Airlines, Inc., Convair 340/440, N4819C, Near Bishop, California, March 13, 1974 . 11 October 2023 . . NTSB-AAR-75-01.
- Web site: Biography: Sir Eric Matthew Gairy MGov . www.mgovernance.net . 22 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200204152714/https://www.mgovernance.net/biography-sir-eric-matthew-gairy . 4 February 2020 . live .
- Book: Langmead. Donald. Garnaut. Christine. Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats. registration. 11 March 2018. 2001. ABC-CLIO. 9781576071120. 301.
- Web site: Search the Event Bibliography . International Seismological Centre Online Event Bibliography . ISC . 22 February 2020.
- Web site: Superstorm of 1993 "Storm of the Century" . National Weather Service . NWS . October 9, 2020.
- News: Mass shootings and gun control . 22 February 2020 . BBC News . 2 June 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190822041954/https://www.bbc.com/news/10216955 . 22 August 2019 . live .
- News: 13 March 1997 . Indian-born nun to succeed Mother Teresa . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170403233833/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9703/13/india.teresa/ . 3 April 2017 . 22 February 2020 . CNN.
- Mietto. Paolo. Avanzini. Marco. Rolandi. Giuseppe. Palaeontology: Human footprints in Pleistocene volcanic ash. Nature. 422. 6928. 2003. 133. 0028-0836. 10.1038/422133a. 2003Natur.422..133M. 12634773. 2396763. free.
- News: Hope . Alan . 1 July 2014 . Sierre bus crash investigation closed without charges . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191229075742/http://www.flanderstoday.eu/current-affairs/sierre-bus-crash-investigation-closed-without-charges . 29 December 2019 . 22 February 2020 . Flanders Today.
- News: Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope . 22 February 2020 . 13 March 2013 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20190615195029/https://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0313/376399-cardinals-to-resume-conclave-in-vatican/ . 15 June 2019 . live .
- News: Akkoc . Raziye . js . video source Storyful 2:51PM GMT 14 Mar 2016 Follow !function.