Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa explained

Honorific-Prefix:His Excellency
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Honorific-Suffix:GColTE GCIH ComSE
Office:20th President of Portugal
Primeminister:António Costa
Luís Montenegro
Term Start:9 March 2016
Predecessor:Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Office1:President of the Social Democratic Party
Term Start1:31 March 1996
Term End1:1 May 1999
1Namedata1:Rui Rio
Carlos Horta e Costa
António Capucho
Artur Torres Pereira
Predecessor1:Fernando Nogueira
Successor1:José Manuel Barroso
Office2:Leader of the Opposition
Term Start2:31 March 1996
Term End2:1 May 1999
Primeminister2:António Guterres
Predecessor2:Fernando Nogueira
Successor2:José Manuel Barroso
Office3:Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Primeminister3:Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Term Start3:12 June 1982
Term End3:9 June 1983
Predecessor3:Fernando Amaral
Successor3:António de Almeida Santos
Office4:Secretary of State for the Presidency of the Council of Ministers
Primeminister4:Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Term Start4:4 September 1981
Term End4:10 June 1982
Predecessor4:José Luís da Cruz Vilaça
Successor4:Leonor Beleza
Term Start5:2 June 1975
Term End5:2 April 1976
Constituency5:Lisbon
Birth Name:Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa
Birth Place:Lisbon, Portugal
Residence:Belém Palace (official)
Cascais (private)
Party:Social Democratic Party (1975–2015)
Independent (since 2015)[1]
Partner:Rita Amaral (1981–present)
Children:2
Relatives:Baltasar Rebelo de Sousa (father)
Signature:Signature Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.svg

Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa (pronounced as /pt-PT/; born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician and academic. He is the 20th and current president of Portugal, since 9 March 2016.[2] He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, though he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency.[3] Rebelo de Sousa has previously served as a government minister, parliamentarian in the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic, legal scholar, journalist, political analyst, law professor, and pundit.

Early life

Born in Lisbon, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa is the eldest son of Baltasar Rebelo de Sousa (1921–2001) and his wife Maria das Neves Fernandes Duarte (1921–2003). He has claimed that his mother had Jewish ancestry.[4] He is named after Marcelo Caetano, the last prime minister of the Estado Novo regime and a friend of his father.[5] [6]

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa became a professor and publicist specialized in constitutional law and administrative law, earning his doctorate at the University of Lisbon, where he taught law.[7]

Party politics and academic career

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa started his career during the Estado Novo as a lawyer, and later as a journalist. He joined the Popular Democratic Party, becoming a Deputy to the Assembly of the Republic.[8] During that time, he helped draft Portugal's constitution in 1976.[9] Later he rose to Minister of Parliamentary Affairs under Prime Minister Francisco Pinto Balsemão.[10] Together with him he was a co-founder, Director and Administrator of the Expresso newspaper,[11] owned by Pinto Balsemão. He was also a founder of Sedes.[12] He worked with another newspaper, Semanário, between 1983 and 1987. He started as a political analyst and pundit on the radio broadcaster TSF with his Exams, in which he gave marks (0 to 20) to the main political players.

In 1989 he ran for President of the Municipal Chamber of Lisbon (Mayor of Lisbon) but lost to Jorge Sampaio, though he did win a seat as City Councilor (Vereador).[13] In that campaign he took a plunge into the waters of the Tagus River to prove they were not polluted despite claims to the contrary.[14] In other local elections, he also became the President of the Municipal Assembly of Cascais (1979–1982)[15] and the President of the Municipal Assembly of Celorico de Basto (1997–2009).[16]

Leader of the PSD, 1996–1999

Rebelo de Sousa was the leader of the Social Democratic Party from 31 de March 1996 to 1 May 1999. He created a center-right coalition, the Democratic Alliance, with the People's Party in 1998. He became, however, the Vice-President of the European People's Party–European Democrats. The coalition did not please large parts of its own party, due to the role the People's Party leader, Paulo Portas, had in undermining Aníbal Cavaco Silva's government while director of the weekly O Independente.

Post-leadership

He had a weekly program of political analysis every Sunday on public TV station RTP after previously having a similar program on the private TV station TVI. President Jorge Sampaio dissolved the Assembly of the Republic, a move that also meant dismissing the Government at a time when it had a stable coalition majority, and calling for anticipated elections, which led to the defeat of Santana Lopes and the election of the Socialists under José Sócrates.

In 2010, he left RTP and returned to TVI to do the same program that he had before.

He was made a Member of the Council of State, by President Aníbal Cavaco Silva, and was sworn in on 6 April 2006.[17]

He was a leading figure on the anti-abortion side of the 2007 abortion referendum. He even founded a website titled "Assim Não" (Not like this), which was divulged with a famous introductory video.[18] It became so well known that it was parodied in Saturday Night Live-fashion by famous humour group Gato Fedorento.[19]

President of Portugal, 2016–present

On 24 January 2016, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was elected as President of Portugal in the first round of voting. He stood as an independent, appealing for moderation and cross-party consensus.[20] During his election campaign, he promised to repair political divisions and the hardship of Portugal's 2011–14 bailout. Unlike his predecessor, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, he had never previously held a top state position.[21]

In March 2020, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa asked parliament to authorize a state of emergency to contain the COVID-19 pandemic; this marked the first time the country declared a state of emergency nationwide in 46 years of democratic history.[22]

In December 2020, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa announced his intention to run for office again in the 2021 Portuguese presidential election.[23] Marcelo was re-elected president in January 2021, with 60.7% of the votes, the third highest vote margin ever in presidential elections in Portugal since the Carnation Revolution. He was also the first candidate ever to win the vote in all municipalities, ranging from 51.3% in the Beja District to 72.16% in Madeira.[24]

During his presidency, Rebelo de Sousa has publicly supported making restitution and acknowledging abuses made during Portugal's colonialist history and the country's role in the Atlantic slave trade.[25]

State visits

See main article: List of international presidential trips made by Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, as President of Portugal, has visited the Vatican, Spain, Mozambique, Morocco, Brazil, Switzerland, Cuba, United Kingdom, Greece, United States of America and Angola. The first visit was to the Vatican City to meet the Pope Francis and the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin.[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] In 2019, he joined President Emmanuel Macron for the traditional Bastille Day military parade in Paris, which honoured European military cooperation and the European Intervention Initiative that year.[33]

Health

In December 2017, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa underwent emergency surgery at Curry Cabral Hospital in order to treat an incarcerated umbilical hernia.[34] [35] The procedure was performed by Eduardo Barroso, a friend of the president.[36] He was discharged from the hospital and lauded the Portuguese National Health Service, considering it an important achievement of Portuguese democracy.[37]

In June 2018, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was briefly hospitalized after he collapsed after a visit to Bom Jesus do Monte sanctuary in Braga; the incident was caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure alongside acute gastroenteritis.[38] [39]

In October 2019, he underwent planned cardiac catheterization at Santa Cruz Hospital, Carnaxide, in the outskirts of Lisbon, after accumulated calcium was detected in one of his coronary arteries.[40]

On 8 March 2020, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa suspended all his public agenda and returned to his private home in Cascais, entering a voluntary quarantine period for 14 days after being revealed that a group of students from Felgueiras, who had visited Belém Palace some days before, had also been quarantined after a positive case of COVID-19 was detected in their school.[41] Marcelo subsequently tested negative for the virus and worked remotely for a period during the COVID-19 pandemic.[42] [43] [44] [45] [46]

On 11 January 2021, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa tested positive for COVID-19, after a contact with a positive case in his staff. He was reportedly asymptomatic, and canceled his appointments, opting to remain in self-isolation.[47] Three further COVID-19 tests yielded negative results.[48] Some physicians said that a false positive PCR-RT test, although possible, was unlikely,[48] and tentatively attributed the subsequent negative tests to a low viral load.[49] On 13 January, however, the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regional public health authority confirmed that the President was considered to have had a low-risk exposure, and was therefore simply under passive surveillance for two weeks: the President was instructed that he could resume his agenda save for any events in crowded public places.[50]

In December 2021, he underwent planned surgery to remove two inguinal hernias at the Military Hospital in Lisbon.[51]

On 5 July 2023, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa collapsed during a visit to the NOVA University School of Science and Technology, in Almada. He was taken to Santa Cruz Hospital "as a precaution". His chief of staff, Fernando Frutuoso de Melo, assured the situation was probably due to the heat and to the President's "heavy schedule". After being submitted to several medical exams, the President was discharged four hours later, with a Holter monitor, and addressed journalists on his way out from the hospital, saying he had had an episode of low blood pressure since he had skipped lunch — as he usually does, replacing it with Fortimel, a medical nutrition supplement — and had been offered a glass of warm moscatel shortly before he fainted that "must have upset, probably, [his] digestion". The physicians recommended rest, though the President's personal physician, Daniel de Matos, remarked their recommendation would in all likelihood fall on deaf ears. His scheduled presence at several events was nonetheless cancelled until 9 July, but the President recorded video messages to be displayed at those events. Only indoor audiences at Belém Palace remained scheduled.[52] [53] [54] [55]

Personal life

On 22 July 1972, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa married Ana Cristina da Gama Caeiro da Mota Veiga in the parish of São Miguel de Machede in Évora.[56] His wife, born on 4 June 1950 in the Santos-o-Velho parish of Lisbon, is the daughter of António da Mota Veiga and Maria Emília da Gama Caeiro. In the following years, Sousa and Mota Veiga had two children:

The couple separated in 1980 and subsequently divorced, although Marcelo, citing his Roman Catholic faith, believes marriage lasts until death.[57] He started dating his former student Rita Amaral Cabral in 1981, who at the time was his fellow lecturer at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon.[58] They continue to entertain a casual relationship, but live separately.[59]

Controversies

As President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was involved in 2023 in a controversy raised in a TVI program, which alluded to an alleged call by the head of state to speed up the treatment of Brazilian twins with the drug Zolgensma, considered one of the most expensive and rare drugs in the world, which is used by administering a single dose, costing two million euros. Suspicions of corruption and influence peddling surrounding this event and involving also his son, a friend of well-connected Brazilians who were friends of the Brazilian children’s family, have been raised by various sectors of Portuguese politics and the media.[60] Between July 2019 and July 2021, Infarmed, the Portuguese medicines agency, approved 17 applications for authorisation of the medicine given to the Brazilian twins. In most cases, authorisation took no more than a day.[61]

On 23 April 2024, he compared the current and previous prime ministers, saying that "António Costa was slow, because he is oriental" and Luís Montenegro, a rural personality in Sousa’s opinion, "is not oriental but he is slow", at a dinner with foreign journalists.[62]

Electoral history

Lisbon City Council election, 1989

|-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! align="center" style="width: 50px"| Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:magenta;"|| align="left"|PS/CDU/MDP/CDE| align=left |Jorge Sampaio || 180,635 || 49.1 || 9 || style="color:green;"| +1|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD/CDS/PPM| align=left |Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa || 154,888 || 42.1 || 8 || style="color:red;"| –1|-| style="background:green;"|| align="left"| PRD| align=left |Hermínio Martinho || 11,453 || 3.1 || 0 || new|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| PCTP/MRPP| align=left |Garcia Pereira || 6,390 || 1.7 || 0 || ±0|-| style="background:red;"|| align="left"| FER| align=left |Gil Garcia || 1,326 || 0.4 || 0 || new|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 13,433 || 3.7 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 368,125 || 54.76 || 17 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Autárquicas 1989[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] |}

PSD leadership election, 1996

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-|bgcolor=orange|| align=left | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa| align=right | 603| align=right | 66.4|-|bgcolor=orange|| align=left | Pedro Santana Lopes| align=right | 305| align=right | 33.6|-|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout| align=right | 908| align=center | |-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results[68] |}

Presidential election, 2016

See main article: 2016 Portuguese presidential election. |-! colspan="2" |Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa || 2,413,956 || 52.0|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Sampaio da Nóvoa || 1,062,138 || 22.9|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Marisa Matias || 469,814 || 10.1|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Maria de Belém || 196,765 || 4.2|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Edgar Silva || 183,051 || 3.9|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Vitorino Silva || 152,374 || 3.3|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Paulo de Morais || 100,191 || 2.2|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Henrique Neto || 39,163 || 0.8|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Jorge Sequeira || 13,954 || 0.3|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Cândido Ferreira || 10,609 || 0.2|-| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 102,552 || – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout| 4,744,567 || 48.66|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[69] |}

Presidential election, 2021

See main article: 2021 Portuguese presidential election. |-! colspan="2" |Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa || 2,531,692 || 60.7|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Ana Gomes || 540,823 || 13.0|-| style="background:#202056;"|| align=left |André Ventura || 497,746 || 11.9|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |João Ferreira || 179,764 || 4.3|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Marisa Matias || 165,127 || 4.0|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Tiago Mayan Gonçalves || 134,991 || 3.2|-| style="background:#00939d;"|| align=left |Vitorino Silva || 123,031 || 3.0|-| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 85,182 || – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout| 4,258,356 || 39.26|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[70] |}

Honours and awards

Portuguese Orders

Insignia of Office

Ancient Military Orders

National Orders

Foreign Orders

Collar of the National Order of Merit (23 May 2023)

Collar of the Order of Agostinho Neto (6 March 2019)[72]

Grand Star of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (12 June 2019)[72]

Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (22 October 2018)[73]

Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (29 May 2023)[74]

Grand Cross of the Order of the Balkan Mountains (30 January 2019)

1st Class of the Amílcar Cabral Order (7 April 2017)[74]

Collar of the Order of Merit (27 March 2017)[74]

Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav (4 May 2018)

Grand Collar of the Order of Makarios III (8 October 2022)

Grand Cross with Gold Breast Star of the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella (23 March 2023)[75]

Grand Collar of the Order of Timor-Leste (19 May 2022)[76]

Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16 April 2019)[77] [74]

Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (26 August 2016)

Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (21 April 2017)[78]

Amílcar Cabral Medal (19 May 2021)[74]

Knight with the Collar of the Order of Pius IX (7 July 2016)[79]

Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (23 February 2023)

Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (29 November 2017)[80]

Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of the Three Stars (12 April 2023)[81] [74]

Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (23 May 2017)

Honorary Companion of Honour with Collar of the National Order of Merit (15 May 2018)[82]

Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (17 July 2017)[83]

Plaque of the Order of Honour (2 October 2023)[74]

Collar of the Order of Muhammad (27 June 2016)[84]

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (3 October 2017)[74]

Collar of the National Order of Merit (11 May 2017)

Grand Cross with diamonds of the Order of the Sun of Peru (25 February 2019)

Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (11 August 2023)[85] [74]

Collar of the Order of the Star (3 October 2023)[74]

Grand Cross of the National Order of the Lion (12 April 2017)

Second Class of the Order of the Republic of Serbia (11 January 2017)[86] [74]

Recipient of the Order for Exceptional Merits (31 May 2021)

References

External links

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Notes and References

  1. News: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa: "A minha candidatura é independente". Observador. 21 November 2015. 13 January 2024. 13 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240113171532/https://observador.pt/2015/11/21/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-a-minha-candidatura-e-independente/. live.
  2. News: President says Portugal must respect EU, avoid return to crisis. Reuters. 9 March 2016. 25 December 2018. www.reuters.com. 3 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803153010/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-portugal-politics-idUSKCN0WB1B0. live.
  3. Web site: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa suspendeu a militância no PSD. 1 April 2016. Observador. 13 July 2020. 17 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160417025221/http://observador.pt/2016/04/01/marcelo-rebelo-sousa-suspendeu-militancia-do-psd/. live.
  4. https://www.dnoticias.pt/pais/devemos-reconhecer-e-acarinhar-a-nossa-heranca-judaica-KC620408 Devemos reconhecer e acarinhar a nossa herança judaica, Diário de Notícias
  5. Web site: O destino por cumprir de Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. www.jornaldenegocios.pt. Jornal de Negócios. 30 March 2024.
  6. Web site: 70 anos de Marcelo e 7 factos que não conhece da vida do Presidente. www.tsf.pt. TSF. 30 March 2024.
  7. http://www.fd.ul.pt/docentes/listacat.pdf Teaching staff, Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon
  8. Web site: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa . 2022-11-22 . PSD . pt-pt . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223628/https://www.psd.pt/pt/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa . live .
  9. Vince Chadwick (24 January 2016), Portugal elects Rebelo de Sousa as president Politico Europe.
  10. Web site: Composição . 2022-11-22 . www.historico.portugal.gov.pt . pt . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223628/https://www.historico.portugal.gov.pt/pt/o-governo/arquivo-historico/governos-constitucionais/gc08/composicao.aspx . live .
  11. Web site: O Presidente . 2022-11-22 . www.presidencia.pt . pt . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223631/https://www.presidencia.pt/presidente-da-republica/o-presidente/ . live .
  12. Web site: MPR - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa . 2022-11-22 . www.museu.presidencia.pt . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022154227/https://www.museu.presidencia.pt/pt/conhecer/presidentes-da-republica-biografias/presidentes-da-democracia/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa/ . live .
  13. Web site: Quando Sampaio conquista Câmara Municipal de Lisboa . 2022-11-22 . www.dn.pt . pt-PT . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223626/https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-dez-2020/quando-sampaio-conquista-camara-municipal-de-lisboa-13151833.html . live .
  14. Web site: Falcão . Catarina . Há 25 anos Marcelo deu o mergulho que quase lhe valeu Lisboa . 2022-11-22 . Observador . pt-PT . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223630/https://observador.pt/especiais/ha-25-anos-marcelo-deu-o-mergulho/ . live .
  15. Web site: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa . 2022-11-22 . www.cascais.pt . pt-pt . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223627/https://www.cascais.pt/pessoa/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa . live .
  16. Web site: Presidente vota em Celorico de Basto, primeiro-ministro em Sintra . 2022-11-22 . www.dn.pt . pt-PT . 22 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221122223625/https://www.dn.pt/portugal/autarquicas-presidente-vota-em-celorico-de-basto-primeiro-ministro-em-sintra-8810939.html . live .
  17. Web site: Presidente deu posse a novos membros do Conselho de Estado . Presidência da República Portuguesa . 2018-02-03 . 3 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064947/http://anibalcavacosilva.arquivo.presidencia.pt/?idc=83&idi=211 . live .
  18. Web site: As razões do Assim Não (Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa). https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/WBeDK3CBFiQ . 2021-12-13 . live. Vídeos Perdidos. 25 December 2018. YouTube.
  19. Web site: Assim Não (Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa). https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/ixtI2EoqkO4 . 2021-12-13 . live. RTP. 25 December 2018. YouTube.
  20. Paul Ames (24 January 2016), 5 takeaways from Portugal’s presidential election Politico Europe.
  21. Axel Bugge (9 March 2016), "President says Portugal must respect EU, avoid return to crisis" Reuters.
  22. Victoria Waldersee, Catarina Demony and Sergio Goncalves (18 March 2020), Portugal's president asks parliament to authorise state of emergency due to coronavirus Reuters.
  23. Catarina Demony (7 December 2020), In a Lisbon bakery, Portugal's president announces run for second term Reuters.
  24. Web site: Presidenciais distrito a distrito: Marcelo ganha em todos, Ventura é "vice" em 12 (mas Ana Gomes fica à frente em Lisboa e no Porto) . 24 January 2021 . . 29 January 2021 . 28 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210128185341/https://expresso.pt/presidenciais2021/2021-01-24-Presidenciais-distrito-a-distrito-Marcelo-ganha-em-todos-Ventura-e-vice-em-12--mas-Ana-Gomes-fica-a-frente-em-Lisboa-e-no-Porto- . live .
  25. Web site: Portugal has to "pay costs" for its colonial past - President . 25 April 2024 . . 25 April 2024 .
  26. News: Vaticano: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa em audiência com o Papa Francisco. 29 June 2016. Agência Ecclesia. 17 March 2016. pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20160430204256/http://www.agencia.ecclesia.pt/noticias/vaticano/vaticano-marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-em-audiencia-com-o-papa-francisco/. 30 April 2016. dead.
  27. News: Ribeiro. Nuno. Marcelo inicia hoje visita oficial ao Vaticano e Espanha. 29 June 2016. Público. 16 March 2016. pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20160629143224/https://www.publico.pt/politica/noticia/marcelo-inicia-hoje-visita-oficial-ao-vaticano-e-espanha-1726215. 29 June 2016. dead.
  28. News: Marcelo chegou a Moçambique. 29 June 2016. TVI. 3 May 2016. pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20160506034910/http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/politica/presidente-da-republica/marcelo-chegou-a-mocambique. 6 May 2016. dead.
  29. News: Em Marrocos, a falar de energia, 'Brexit', Espanha e sanções. 29 June 2016. Público. Lusa. 28 June 2016. pt. https://web.archive.org/web/20161014031819/https://www.publico.pt/politica/noticia/fornecimento-de-energia-de-portugal-a-marrocos-na-agenda-de-marcelo-1736555. 14 October 2016. dead.
  30. News: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa em visita oficial ao Brasil. Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. 2018-11-20. pt. 20 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181120140215/http://www.rtp.pt/noticias/jogos-olimpicos-2016/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-em-visita-oficial-ao-brasil_v938156. live.
  31. Web site: Em visita oficial a Londres, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa encontra-se com financeiros e primeira-ministra . Observador. pt-PT. 2018-11-20. 3 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010029/https://observador.pt/2016/11/16/em-visita-oficial-a-londres-marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-encontra-se-com-financeiros-e-primeira-ministra/. live.
  32. News: Portugal's President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa visits Greece. 2018-03-13. The Greek Observer. 2018-11-20. en-US. 20 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620090620/https://thegreekobserver.com/politics/article/38881/portugals-president-marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-visits-greece/. dead.
  33. Bate Felix and Caroline Pailliez (14 July 2019), European leaders join Macron for Bastille Day parade Reuters.
  34. Web site: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa internado em Lisboa para ser operado de urgência. www.dn.pt. Diário de Notícias. 30 December 2017. pt. 30 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171230171903/https://www.dn.pt/portugal/interior/marcelo-rebelo-de-sousa-internado-em-lisboa-para-ser-operado-9012633.html. live.
  35. Web site: Boletim Clínico do estado de saúde do Presidente da República. www.presidencia.pt. Presidência da República. 30 December 2017. pt. 29 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229180117/http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=10&idi=141270. live.
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  83. Web site: ACUERDO por el que se otorga la Condecoración de la Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca, en grado de Collar, al Excelentísimo Señor Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa, Presidente de la República Portuguesa.. Diario Oficial de la Federación. es. 2018-11-20. 24 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210124125735/http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5490418&fecha=17/07/2017. live.
  84. http://www.maroc.ma/en/royal-activities/hm-king-portuguese-president-hold-tete-tete-talks HM the King, Portuguese President Hold Tête-à-Tête Talks
  85. https://www.prezydent.pl/aktualnosci/wydarzenia/prezydent-portugalii-z-wizyta-w-polsce,73497
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  87. Boletín Oficial del Estado. es. Real Decreto 223/2018, de 13 de abril, por el que se concede el Collar de la Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III al Excelentísimo señor Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Presidente de la República Portuguesa. 16 April 2018. 14 April 2018. 0212-033X. 91. 38968. 17 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023955/https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2018-5100. live.
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