Marcelle Werbrouck Explained

Marcelle Werbrouck
Birth Date:23 May 1889
Nationality:Belgian
Occupation:Egyptologist
Alma Mater:Sorbonne
College of France
Ecole du Louvre
Known For:Soroptimist International

Marcelle Werbrouck (23 May 1889 – 1 August 1959) was the first woman Belgian Egyptologist.[1] [2] Her subjects of research were often related the study of prominent goddesses and women of ancient Egypt.

Her first important work was dedicated to the kites, professional mourners (always women) who were paid to lament loudly throughout the burial proceedings.[3] [4] [5] She became later interested in Pharaonic architecture during her study of the temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahri.[6] Werbouck took part in many missions to the archaeological site of El-Kab in 1936-1937 and 1937-1938,[7] during which she contributed largely to the study of Egyptian divinities and more particularly the goddess Nekhbet.[8]

Career

Daughter of the Belgian general Werbrouck,[9] Marcelle Werbrouck was born in Antwerp on 23 May 1889.[10] She followed courses at the Sorbonne, at the College of France, at the Ecole du Louvre, with teachers like Georges Aaron Bénédite and Gaston Maspero, and the Ecole des Hautes Etudes. During her studies, she became interested in ancient civilizations. She specialized in ancient Egypt after meeting with Belgian Egyptologist Jean Capart.[1] [11]

After graduating from the École du Louvre, she earned her PhD at the Institut Royal d'Histoire de l'Art et d’Archéologie de Bruxelles where she taught for several years. Marcelle Werbrouck was decorated with the médaille de reconnaissance de la Croix-Rouge française after World War I.

Werbrouck worked closely with Capart and contributed directly to the development of Egyptology in Belgium. She took part in Capart's works on Thebes,[12] Memphis[13] and the toumb of Tutankhamun.[14] [15]

She became the first president of the second Belgian club of Soroptimist International, a worldwide volunteer service organization for business and professional women in December 1938.[16] [17]

At the death of Capart in 1947, she succeeded him as head of the Egyptian Antiquities section of the Royal Museums of Art and History from 1925 to 1954 and as head of the Queen Elizabeth Egyptological Foundation,[18] which she helped to establish. She was appointed secretary at its creation[19] and became deputy director in 1933 before replacing Capart in 1947.[20]

After World War II, she had to gradually reduce her teachings because of growing fatigue. She died unexpectedly in Issoire, Auvergne, France on 1 August 1959.

Publications

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Marcelle Werbrouck. Anvers 23 mai 1889 -Issoire 1er août 1959. Chronique d'Égypte. 1959. 0009-6067. 187–202. 34. 68. fr. Gilbert. Pierre.
  2. Rapport du Directeur. Chronique d'Égypte. 1960. 0009-6067. 5–9. 35. 69–70. fr . Gilbert. Pierre.
  3. Book: Marcelle, Werbrouck. Les pleureuses dans l'Egypte ancienne Dessins de Marcelle Baud. 1938. Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth. Bruxelles. fr.
  4. Web site: Ancient Egyptian Burial. 2015-11-15. World History Encyclopedia.
  5. Web site: 2013-09-30. Professional Mourners in Ancient Egypt. 2015-11-15. HAIR AND DEATH IN ANCIENT EGYPT.
  6. Book: Werbrouck, Marcelle. Le temple d'Hatshepsout à Deir el Bahari. 1949. Fondation égyptologique reine Élisabeth. Bruxelles. fr. 7451653.
  7. Limme. Luc. 2008. Elkab, 1937-2007: seventy years of Belgian archaeological research. British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan. 9. 15–50.
  8. Werbrouck. Marcelle. 1952. La déesse Nekhbet et la reine d'Egypte. Archiv Orientální. fr. XX. 197–203. 0044-8699.
  9. Web site: Les militaires Belges décédés à l'étranger et inhumés aux Pays-Bas. www.1418fotograven.com. 2015-11-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20150811061546/http://www.1418fotograven.com/fr/07ned/begin.htm. 2015-08-11. dead.
  10. Web site: Werbrouck, Marcelle (1889-1959). www.bestor.be. 2015-11-13.
  11. Book: Bruffaerts, Jean-Michel . Ägyptologen und Ägyptologien zwischen Kaiserreich und Gründung der beiden deutschen Staaten: Reflexionen zur Geschichte und Episteme eines altertumswissenschaftlichen Fachs im 150. Jahr der Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. https://books.google.com/books?id=EgPoBQAAQBAJ&q=elizabeth%201923%20toutankhamon%20capart&pg=PA193. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2013. 9783050063416. Susanne. Bickel. Hans-Werner. Fischer-Elfert. Antonio. Loprieno. Sebastian. 3 . Richter. Bruxelles, capitale de l’égyptologie. Le rêve de Jean Capart (1877-1947).
  12. Book: Thebes: The Glory of a Great Past. L.MacVeagh, The Dial Press. 1926. Jean. Capart. Marcelle. Werbrouck.
  13. Book: Memphis. A l'ombre des pyramides. Vromant et Cie. 1930. fr. Jean. Capart. Marcelle. Werbrouck.
  14. Book: Tout-ankh-Amon. Vromant. 1923. fr. Jean. Capart. Marcelle. Werbrouck.
  15. Book: Capart, Jean. Ce que j'ai vu chez Toutankhamon …. R. Van Sulper. 1923. fr.
  16. Web site: BRUXELLES DOYEN EN. BRUXELLES DOYEN 75 ANS. 2015-11-15. fr. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031840/http://bruxellesdoyen75ans.com/520-2/. 2015-11-17.
  17. 1939-2014. 2014. Sorop'news. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031504/http://www.soroptimist.be/intranet/upload/0/SN16.FIN.pdf. 2015-11-17. dead.
  18. Web site: Association Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth. www.aere-egke.be. 2015-11-13.
  19. Avant-propos. Chronique d'Égypte. 1925-12-01. 0009-6067. 1–25. 1. 1.
  20. Chronique d'Égypte, 1934, 17 ; 1948, 45-46