Marangu Defences Explained

Marangu Defences
Map Type:Tanzania
Relief:yes
Location:Moshi District,
Kilimanjaro Region,
Type:Settlement
Built:18th century CE
Cultures:Chaga
Condition:Endangered
Ownership:Tanzanian Government
Management:Antiquities Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism [1]
Designation1:NHST
Designation1 Offname:Marangu Defences Historic Site
Designation1 Type:Cultural

Marangu Defences or Chagga Caves (Mapango ya Uchaggani in Swahili) are a man-made defence cave system that was erected in the late 18th century as defence of the Chaga from Maasai raids and expanded the system in the late 19th century as part of the Chagga resistance from the German occupation. The caves are located in various locations within Moshi District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania.[2] [3] [4]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Antiquities Division. 21 Jul 2022.
  2. Web site: Chagga caves. 21 August 2022.
  3. Clack . Timothy . Sheltering Experience in Underground Places: Thinking through Precolonial Chagga Caves on Mount Kilimanjaro . World Archaeology . 2009 . 41 . 2 . 321–344 . 10.1080/00438240902844434 . 40388256 . 162389875 .
  4. Web site: Chagga caves in machame. 30 July 2011 . 21 August 2022.