| Marais des Cygnes River | |
| Name Other: | Big Osage River, Brush Creek, Grand River, Old Aunt Mary River |
| Map: | Osagerivermap.png |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Linn county kansas |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kansas, Missouri |
| Length: | 217miles |
| Discharge1 Location: | USGS 06916600 near Kansas-Missouri state line[1] |
| Discharge1 Min: | 0cuft/s |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 2189cuft/s |
| Discharge1 Max: | 129000cuft/s |
| Source Confluence Location: | Lyon County, Kansas |
| Source Confluence Coordinates: | 38.5681°N -95.9744°W |
| Source Confluence Elevation: | 1112feet |
| Mouth: | Osage River |
| Mouth Location: | Vernon County, Missouri |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 38.0275°N -94.2442°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 722feet |
| Tributaries Left: | 110 Mile Creek, Bull Creek |
| Tributaries Right: | Pottawatomie Creek |
| Custom Label: | Watersheds |
| Custom Data: | Marais des Cygnes-Osage-Missouri-Mississippi |
The Marais des Cygnes River ([2] [3] in French maʁɛ de siɲ/) is a principal tributary of the Osage River, about long,[4] in eastern Kansas and western Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
The name French: Marais des Cygnes means "Marsh of the Swans" in French (presumably in reference to the trumpeter swan which was historically common in the Midwest).
The river is notorious for flash flooding. It is referred to in the song "The River" by Chely Wright. La Cygne, Kansas, in Linn County and Osawatomie, Kansas, in Miami County are gravely affected by its flooding.
The Marais des Cygnes is formed about 1 mile north of Reading, Kansas, a city in northern Lyon County, by the confluence of Elm Creek and One Hundred Forty-Two Mile Creek, and flows generally east-southeastwardly through Osage, Franklin, Miami and Linn counties in Kansas, and Bates County in Missouri, past the Kansas towns of Melvern, Quenemo, Ottawa, Osawatomie and La Cygne and through the Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge. In Missouri, it joins the Little Osage River at the boundary of Bates and Vernon counties to form the Osage River, 6miles west of Schell City.
In Osage County, Kansas, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam causes the river to form Melvern Lake, which is the site of Eisenhower State Park.
The Marais des Cygnes River has a history of flooding. One of the first such floods that has been noted is the Great Flood of 1844 known as "Big Water" in Native American legend. Though no measurements were taken, it is estimated to have crested at .
Some of the more notable floods after 1844 include the 1909 flood, cresting at ; the 1915 flood, cresting at ; the 1928 flood, cresting at ; the 1944 flood, cresting at ; the 1951 flood, cresting at ; and the 2007 flood, cresting at .[5]
The Great Flood of 1951 happened in June and July 1951, killing 28 people and causing over $935 million damage (in 1951 dollars). This flood also affected the Kansas, Neosho, and Verdigris river basins.
As a result of the 1951 flood, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built levees and flood control systems on the Marais des Cygnes in the 1960s, including massive freestanding gated floodwalls in Ottawa, Kansas. Main Street (Old U.S. Highway 59) in Ottawa has to be detoured or is simply closed down when the gates are shut.
The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Marais des Cygnes River" as the name in 1971. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the river has also been known as:
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