Mara Mather Explained

Parents:	John N. Mather
Education:	AB (1994), PhD (2000)
Alma Mater:	Princeton University, Stanford University
Discipline:	Gerontology, Psychology, Biomedical Engineering
Workplaces:	Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
Main Interests:	Neuroscience, Emotion, Cognition

Mara Mather is a professor of gerontology and psychology at the USC Davis School of Gerontology. Her research deals with aging and affective neuroscience, focusing on how emotion and stress affect memory and decisions.^{[1] [2]} She is the daughter of mathematician John N. Mather.^[3]

Career

Mather is best known for her contributions to research on emotion and memory.^[4] Her work with Laura Carstensen and Susan Charles revealed a positivity effect in older adults’ attention and memory, in which older adults favor positive information more and negative information less in their attention and memory than younger adults do. Perhaps the most intuitive explanation for this effect is that it is related to some sort of age-related decline in neural processes that detect and encode negative information. However, her research indicates that this is not the case; her findings suggest that older adults’ positivity effect is the result of strategic processes that help maintain well-being.^[5]

She has also been investigating how emotional arousal shapes memory. Mather first outlined an arousal-biased competition (ABC) model that they argue can account for a disparate array of emotional memory effects, including some effects that initially appear contradictory (e.g., emotion-induced retrograde amnesia vs. emotion-induced retrograde enhancement). The ABC model posits that arousal leads to both "winner-take-more" and "loser-take-less" effects in memory by biasing competition to enhance high priority information and suppress low priority information. Priority is determined by both bottom-up salience and top-down goal relevance. Previous theories fail to account for the broad array of selective emotional memory effects in the literature, and so the ABC model fills a key theoretical hole in the field of emotional memory.^[6] With colleagues, Mather then outlined a theory to account for how the locus coeruleus-noadrenaline system could simultaneously enhance brain processing of high priority or salient information while impairing processing of low priority/salience information. ^[7]

Mather's research projects have included work on how older adults interpret positive stimuli^[8] as well as how stress influences older adults' decision making processes^[9] and the differences between men and women's decision-making processes under stress.^[10]

Honors

• National Institute on Aging K02 Career Development Award
• Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology from the American Psychological Association
• Richard Kalish Innovative Publication Award from the Gerontological Society of America
• Excellence in Teaching Award from the UC Santa Cruz Committee on Teaching
• Springer Early Career Achievement Award in Research on Adult Development and Aging
• Margret Baltes Dissertation Award in the Psychology of Aging from APA Division 20
• American Psychological Association Dissertation Research Award^[11]
• National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
• Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship

Selected publications

• Mather, M. (2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 33-52.
• Mather, M., Gorlick, M. A., & Lighthall, N.R. (2009). To brake or accelerate when the light turns yellow? Stress reduces older adults' risk taking in a driving game. Psychological Science, 20, 174-176.
• Mather, M., & Sutherland, M.R. (2011). Arousal-biased competition in perception and memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 114-133.
• Nashiro, K., Sakaki, M., & Mather, M. (2011). Age differences in brain activity during emotion processing: Reflections of age-related decline or increased emotion regulation? Gerontology.
• Sakaki, M., Niki, K., & Mather, M. (2011). Updating existing emotional memories involves the frontopolar/orbitofrontal cortex in ways that acquiring new emotional memories does not. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3498-3514.
• Mather, M, & Lighthall, N.R. (in press). Both risk and reward are processed differently in decisions made under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science.

External links

• University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology

Notes and References

1. Web site: Mara Mather, Ph.D. . . 2008-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081127141759/http://www.usc.edu/dept/gero/faculty/Mather/ . 2008-11-27 . dead .
2. Web site: Gewin. Virginia. Careers Q&A: Mara Mather. Nature. 21 March 2012.
3. Web site: John Mather, remembered as a 'great mathematician,' dies at 74. Princeton University.
4. News: Szalavitz. Maia. Decision-Making Under Stress: The Brain Remembers Rewards, Forgets Punishments. TIME. 21 March 2012. 5 March 2012.
5. Web site: Emotional Fitness in Aging: Older is Happier. American Psychological Association. 21 March 2012.
6. Web site: The selective effects of emotional arousal on memory. American Psychological Association. 2015-10-24. Mather. Mara. Sutherland. Matthew. February 2012.
7. Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Mather. Mara. Clewett. David. Sakaki. Michiko. Harley. Carolyn. February 2016. 39 . e200 . 10.1017/S0140525X15000667 . 26126507 . 5830137 .
8. News: Research lifts veil on 'the good old days' . ABC News Online . 2006-07-19 .
9. News: Haas, J.G. . Stress makes older people more conservative . Orange County Register . 2008-12-01 .
10. Web site: Wickelgren. Ingrid. Under Threat, Women Bond, Men Withdraw. Scientific American. 21 March 2012.
11. Mara Mather. Virginia. Gewin. March 9, 2010. Nature. 464. 7287. 451. 10.1038/nj7287-451a. free.