| María Martínez Acosta | |
| Term Start: | 1937 |
| Term End: | 1941 |
| Term Start2: | 1938 |
| Term End2: | 1938 |
| Birth Name: | María Martínez Acosta |
| Birth Date: | 25 June 1883 |
| Death Date: | 1973 |
| Spouse: | Federico Pérez Almiroty |
| Occupation: | Teacher |
María Martínez Acosta, a.k.a., María Martínez Acosta de Pérez Almiroty (25 June 1881 — 1 July 1977) was a Puerto Rican teacher, clubwoman and the first woman to be elected senator in Puerto Rico. She is one of the twelve women honored with a plaque in "La Plaza en Honor a la Mujer Puertorriqueña" (Plaza in Honor of Puerto Rican Women) in San Juan.
Martínez Acosta was born at Ponce, Puerto Rico,[1] the daughter of Carmelo Martínez Rivas and Elvira Acosta de Martínez. Her brother, Carmelo Martínez Acosta, was a journalist. She finished a teacher training course at the University of Puerto Rico in 1904.[2]
In 1922, Martínez Acosta was president of the Woman's Civic Club, working on children's health issues.[3] Soon after Puerto Rican women gained full voting rights,[4] Perez Almiroty became the first woman to be elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico,[5] when she won a seat as an at-large senator in the 1936 elections, representing the Liberal Party.[6] As Puerto Rico's only woman senator,[7] she was one of the leaders who signed a 1939 protest letter to the United States Senate, against a labor treaty which would restrict the work of women in dependent territories.[8] She was briefly the acting leader of the Liberal Party in 1938, after the death of Antonio Rafael Barceló.[9] She did not contest the 1940 elections.[10]
Martínez Acosta married Federico Pérez Almiroty, an attorney. They had two children, Blanca and Federico.[11] She was often known by the name 'María Martínez Acosta de Pérez Almiroty' which, under Spanish customs, alludes not only to the fact she is married but also to what family her husband comes from.
She is one of the twelve women honored with a plaque in the "Plaza en Honor a la Mujer Puertorriqueña" (Plaza in Honor of Puerto Rican Women) in San Juan.[12] There is a public elementary school named for Pérez Almiroty in San Juan. She died in 1973 and was buried at the Puerto Rico Memorial Cemetery in Carolina, Puerto Rico.[13]
A biography of Martínez Acosta, Sara R. Bonilla del Rio's María Martínez de Pérez Almiroty: Los primeros pasos de la mujer en el Senado, was published in 2015.[14]