The grammar of the Manx language has much in common with related Indo-European languages, such as nouns that display gender, number and case and verbs that take endings or employ auxiliaries to show tense, person or number. Other morphological features are typical of Insular Celtic languages but atypical of other Indo-European languages. These include initial consonant mutation, inflected prepositions and verb–subject–object word order.[1]
Manx nouns fall into one of two genders, masculine or feminine. As with Old Irish, there is evidence for the existence of a third neuter gender in Classical Manx, but neuter nouns are thought to have been gradually converted to masculine.[2] Masculine is considered the "default" or "unmarked" gender.[3] Nouns ending in a "broad" (non-palatalised) consonant are usually masculine, as are those ending in the suffixes: Manx: -agh, Manx: -an, Manx: -ane, Manx: -ee, Manx: -er, Manx: -erey, Manx: -ey, Manx: -oo, Manx: -oon, Manx: -oor, Manx: -ys. Nouns ending in a "slender" (palatalised) consonant are usually feminine, as are those ending in the suffixes: Manx: -ag, Manx: -age, Manx: -aght, Manx: -eig, Manx: -id, Manx: -oge. Verbnouns are also usually feminine, especially those ending in Manx: -ail or Manx: -eil.
Nouns show singular and plural number in Manx. Plurals can be formed from the singular by adding an ending, most often Manx: -yn (lioar "book", lioaryn "books"). Other endings include Manx: -aghyn, Manx: -ee, or a consonant followed by Manx: -yn. Sometimes a plural ending replaces a singular ending, as in the case of Manx: -agh becoming Manx: -ee or Manx: -eeyn or of Manx: -ee or Manx: -ey becoming Manx: -aghyn. Some mostly monosyllabic nouns pluralise by means of internal vowel change, such as Manx: mac "son" to Manx: mec, Manx: kayt "cat" to Manx: kiyt and Manx: dooiney "man" to Manx: deiney. Manx also has a handful of irregularly formed plurals, including Manx: ben "woman" to Manx: mraane, Manx: keyrey "sheep" to Manx: kirree and Manx: slieau "mountain" to Manx: sleityn.
The base form of a noun is in the nominative case (Manx: carrey "friend", Manx: caarjyn "friends").
A nominative noun is lenited to become vocative, (Manx: charrey "friend!", Manx: chaarjyn "friends!"). This also extends to proper nouns. Moirrey, the Manx equivalent of the English name Mary, would be lenited to Voirrey, but this practice is less common for foreign names. This form is commonly used in greetings (Vax veen "dear Max").
Some mostly feminine nouns possess a distinct genitive form, usually ending in Manx: -ey, e.g. Manx: bleeaney "of a year" (nominative: Manx: blein), Manx: coshey "of a foot" (nominative: Manx: cass). Historical genitive singulars often survive in compounds and fixed expressions although no longer productive, such as Manx: thie-ollee "cowhouse" using the old genitive of Manx: ollagh "cattle" or Manx: mullagh y ching "the crown", literally "the top of the head", employing lenited Manx: king "of a head" (nominative: Manx: kione).[4] Manx: Keyrragh "of sheep" is the only distinct genitive plural, the nominative plural being Manx: kirree.
The dative case is encountered only in set expressions such as Manx: ry-chosh "on foot", where Manx: chosh is the lenited dative Manx: cosh "foot" (nominative: Manx: cass "foot").[5]
In common with the other Insular Celtic languages except Breton, Manx has a definite article but no indefinite article. The definite article takes the form Manx: yn before masculine nominative and genitive and feminine nominative nouns. This Manx: yn is often reduced to Manx: y before consonants or to Manx: 'n after grammatical words ending in a vowel. Plural nouns and feminine genitive nouns take the article Manx: ny, another archaic form of which is found in some place names as Manx: nyn.
Certain adjectives may be made plural by the addition of Manx: -ey to the singular form (ben veg "little woman", mraane veggey "little women"). In earlier versions of the language, these were used attributively, but are rarely employed in modern Manx.
Adjectives ending in Manx: -agh form their comparative/superlative form by replacing this with Manx: -ee, e.g. Manx: atçhimagh "terrible" becomes Manx: atçhimee, resulting in Manx: ny s'atçhimee "more terrible" and Manx: s'atçhimee "most terrible". As in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, the comparative-superlative is commonly marked by the copula verb Manx: s in the present and Manx: by in the past. The superlative is often shown by the word Manx: nys, from Middle Irish Irish, Middle (900-1200);: ní as "thing that is" (cf. Modern Irish Irish: níos, past Irish: ní ba).[6] A number of adjectives form their comparative/superlative irregularly.
| Manx: aalin | beautiful | Manx: aaley | |
| Manx: aashag | easy | Manx: assey | |
| Manx: aeg | young | Manx: aa | |
| Manx: ard | high | Manx: yrjey | |
| Manx: beg | small | Manx: loo | |
| Manx: bog | soft, moist | Manx: buiggey | |
| Manx: bwaagh | pretty | Manx: bwaaie | |
| Manx: çheh | hot | Manx: çhoe | |
| Manx: çhionn | tight, fast | Manx: çhenney | |
| Manx: çhiu | thick | Manx: çhee | |
| Manx: faggys | near | Manx: niessey | |
| Manx: foddey | far, long | Manx: odjey | |
| Manx: garroo | rough | Manx: girroo | |
| Manx: gial | bright, white | Manx: gilley | |
| Manx: giare | short | Manx: girrey | |
| Manx: lajer | strong | Manx: troshey | |
| Manx: leah | soon | Manx: leaie | |
| Manx: lheann | wide | Manx: lea | |
| Manx: liauyr | long, tall | Manx: lhiurey | |
| Manx: mie | good | Manx: share | |
| Manx: moal | slow | Manx: melley | |
| Manx: mooar | large, big | Manx: moo | |
| Manx: olk | bad, evil | Manx: messey | |
| Manx: reagh | merry, lively | Manx: reaie | |
| Manx: roauyr | fat, broad | Manx: riurey | |
| Manx: shenn | old | Manx: shinney | |
| Manx: thanney | thin | Manx: theinney | |
| Manx: trome | heavy | Manx: thrimmey | |
| Manx: ymmodee | many | Manx: lee |
Manx verbs generally form their finite forms by means of periphrasis: inflected forms of the auxiliary verbs Manx: ve "to be" or Manx: jannoo "to do" are combined with the verbal noun of the main verb. Only the future, conditional, preterite and imperative can be formed directly by inflecting the main verb, but even in these tenses, the periphrastic formation is more common in Late Spoken Manx.[7] An example using the forms of Manx: tilgey "throwing" is as follows.
| Present | Manx: ta mee tilgey ("I am throwing") | – | "I throw" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfect | Manx: va mee tilgey ("I was throwing") | – | "I was throwing" | |
| Perfect | Manx: ta mee er jilgey ("I am after throwing")[8] | – | "I have thrown" | |
| Pluperfect | Manx: va mee er jilgey ("I was after throwing") | – | "I had thrown" | |
| Preterite | Manx: ren mee tilgey ("I did throwing") | Manx: hilg mee | "I threw" | |
| Future | Manx: neeym tilgey ("I will do throwing") | Manx: tilgym | "I will throw" | |
| Conditional | Manx: yinnin tilgey ("I would do throwing") | Manx: hilgin | "I would throw" | |
| Imperative | Manx: jean tilgey ("do throwing!") | Manx: tilg | "throw!" | |
| Past participle | – | Manx: tilgit | "thrown" |
| Preterite | Manx: hilg | (same as independent) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Future | Manx: tilgym, Manx: tilgmayd, Manx: tilgee | Manx: dilgym, Manx: dilgmayd, Manx: dilgee | Manx: tilgys | |
| Conditional | Manx: tilgin, Manx: tilgagh | Manx: dilgin, Manx: dilgagh | ||
| Imperative | Manx: tilg | (same as independent) |
First person singular, making the use of a following subject pronoun redundant
First person plural, making the use of a following subject pronoun redundant
Used with all other persons, meaning an accompanying subject must be stated, e.g. Manx: tilgee eh "he will throw", Manx: tilgee ad "they will throw" There are a few peculiarities when a verb begins with a vowel, i.e. the addition of Manx: d' in the preterite and Manx: n' in the future and conditional dependent. Below is the conjugation of Manx: aase "to grow".
| Preterite | Manx: d'aase | (same as independent) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Future | Manx: aasym, aasmayd, aasee | Manx: n'aasym, n'aasmayd, n'aasee | Manx: aasys | |
| Conditional | Manx: aasin, aasagh | Manx: n'aasin, n'aasagh | ||
| Imperative | Manx: aase | (same as independent) |
Manx: d' may also be spelt Manx: j when pronounced pronounced as //dʲ// pronounced as /[dʒ]/ i.e. before a slender vowel, e.g. "ate" can be either Manx: d'ee or Manx: jee. These peculiarities extend to verbs beginning with f, e.g. Manx: faagail "to leave".
| Preterite | Manx: d'aag | (same as independent) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Future | Manx: faagym, faagmayd, faagee | Manx: vaagym, vaagmayd, vaagee, Manx: n'aagym, n'aagmayd, n'aagee | Manx: aagys | |
| Conditional | Manx: aagin, aagagh | Manx: vaagin, vaagagh, Manx: n'aagin, n'aagagh | ||
| Imperative | Manx: faag | (same as independent) |
Again, Manx: d' may also be spelt Manx: j where appropriate.
A number of verbs are irregular in their inflection.
| Preterite | Future | Conditional | Imperative | Past participle | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Dependent | Independent | Dependent | Independent | Dependent | |||
| Manx: çheet "come" | Manx: haink | Manx: daink | Manx: higgym, higmayd, hig | Manx: jiggym, jigmayd, jig | Manx: harrin, harragh | Manx: darrin, darragh | Manx: tar | |
| Manx: clashtyn "hear" | Manx: cheayll | Manx: geayll | Manx: cluinnyn, cluinnee, cluinmayd | Manx: gluinnyn, gluinnee, gluinmayd | Manx: chluinnin, chluinnagh | Manx: gluinnin, gluinnagh | Manx: clasht | Manx: cluinit |
| Manx: cur "put, give" | Manx: hug | Manx: dug | Manx: verrym, vermayd, ver | Manx: derrym, dermayd, der | Manx: verrin, verragh | Manx: derrin, derragh | Manx: cur | Manx: currit |
| Manx: fakin "see" | Manx: honnick | Manx: vaik | Manx: hee'm, hemayd, hee | Manx: vaikym, vaikmyd, vaik | Manx: heein, heeagh | Manx: vaikin, vaikagh | Manx: jeeagh, cur-my-ner | Manx: faikinit |
| Manx: feddyn "find", Manx: geddyn "get" | Manx: hooar | Manx: dooar | Manx: yioym, yiowmayd, yiow | Manx: voym, vowmayd, vow | Manx: yioin, yioghe | Manx: voin, voghe | Manx: fow | Manx: feddinynt "found", Manx: geddinynt "given" |
| Manx: goll "go" | Manx: hie | Manx: jagh | Manx: hem, hemmayd, hed | Manx: jem, jemmayd, jed | Manx: raghin, ragh | (same as independent) | Manx: gow, immee | |
| Manx: gra "say" | Manx: dooyrt | Manx: jirrym, jirmayd, jir Manx: abbyrym, abbyrmyd, abbyr | Manx: jirrym, jirmayd, jir Manx: niarrym, niarmayd, niar Manx: n'abbyrym, n'abbyrmyd, n'abbyr | Manx: yiarrin, yiarragh | Manx: niarrin, niarragh | Manx: abbyr | Manx: grait | |
| Manx: goaill "take" | Manx: ghow | Manx: goym, gowmayd, gowee | Manx: goym, gowmayd, gow | Manx: ghoin, ghoghe | Manx: goin, goghe | Manx: gow | Manx: goit | |
| Manx: jean "do" | Manx: ren | Manx: nee'm, neemayd, nee | Manx: jeanym, jeanmayd, jean | Manx: yinnin, yinnagh | Manx: jinnin, jinnagh | Manx: jean | Manx: jeant | |
Future relative: Manx: clinnys
Future relative: Manx: gowee The most common and most irregular verb in Manx is Manx: ve "to be", often used as an auxiliary verb. In addition to the usual inflected tenses, Manx: ve also has a present tense. The full conjugation of Manx: ve "to be" is as follows. Generally, the personal pronoun is used (ta mee "I am"), but the emphatic pronoun is also acceptable. For instance, row oo "were you?" is grammatically correct, but it is likely to be misheard in speech as row "was". As such, row uss is often used instead.[11]
| Present | Manx: ta | Manx: vel, nel | – | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterite | Manx: va | Manx: row | – | |
| Future | Manx: bee'm, beemayd, bee | (same as independent) | vees | |
| Conditional | Manx: veign, veagh | Manx: beign, beagh | – | |
| Imperative | Manx: bee | (same as independent) | – |
Manx adverbs can be formed from adjectives by means of the word Manx: dy (from Middle Irish Irish, Middle (900-1200);: go "with, until"), e.g. Manx: mie "good" to Manx: dy mie "well", Manx: gennal "cheerful" to Manx: dy gennal "cheerfully". This Manx: dy is not used when preceded by such words as Manx: ro "too" and Manx: feer "very" or followed by Manx: dy liooar "enough", e.g. Manx: feer vie "very good, very well", Manx: gennal dy liooar "cheerful(ly) enough". The prepositional phrase for "home(wards)" is formed with Manx: dy "to" and the noun Manx: balley "place, town, homestead" to give Manx: dy valley, while the noun Manx: thie "house, home" can be used unchanged as an adverb to convey the same meaning.
In common with its Goidelic sister languages, Manx has a number of adverbs corresponding to English "up" and "down", the meaning of which depend upon such things as motion or lack thereof and starting point in relation to the speaker.
| above | Manx: heose | Manx: neose | Manx: seose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| below | Manx: heese | Manx: neese | Manx: sheese |
Technically, Manx has a T-V distinction where the second person singular pronoun Manx: oo is used to show familiarity while the second person plural Manx: shiu is used as a respectful singular as well as with plural referents. Because of the solidarity of the small speech community, however, Manx speakers would automatically use Manx: oo when addressing another individual Manx speaker. In common with Irish and Scottish Gaelic, in addition to its regular personal pronouns, Manx has also a series used for emphasis. Under certain phonological circumstances, these can be used as unemphatic pronouns, e.g. "you were not" is Manx: cha row uss pronounced as /[xa ˈrau ʊs]/ as Manx: cha row oo pronounced as /[xa ˈrau u(ː)]/ sounds too similar to Manx: cha row pronounced as /[xa ˈrau]/ "was not".
| First singular | Manx: mee | Manx: mish | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Second singular | Manx: oo | Manx: uss | ||
| Third singular | masculine | Manx: eh | Manx: eshyn | |
| feminine | Manx: ee | Manx: ish | ||
| First plural | Manx: shin | Manx: shinyn | ||
| Second plural | Manx: shiu | Manx: shiuish | ||
| Third plural | Manx: ad | Manx: adsyn | ||
Manx interrogative pronouns include Manx: quoi "who?", Manx: cre "what?" and Manx: c'red "what?".
The Manx equivalent of English "-ever" or "any-" is Manx: erbee, e.g. Manx: quoi erbee "whoever, anyone". Manx: Ennagh is used like English "some-", e.g. Manx: peiagh ennagh "someone" (with Manx: peiagh "person").
A gender distinction is made in the third person singular by means of lenition following masculine Manx: e "his, its" and lack of lenition after feminine Manx: e "her, its".
| 1st person | Manx: my | Manx: nyn | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd person | Manx: dty | Manx: nyn | |
| 3rd person | masculine | Manx: e | Manx: nyn |
| feminine | Manx: e | ||
Like the other Insular Celtic languages, Manx has so-called inflected prepositions, contractions of a preposition with a pronominal direct object, as the following common prepositions show. Note the sometimes identical form of the uninflected preposition and its third person singular masculine inflected form.
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| masc. | fem. | |||||||
| Manx: ass "out of" | Manx: assym | Manx: assyd | Manx: ass | Manx: assjee | Manx: assdooin | Manx: assdiu | Manx: assdoo, assdaue | |
| Manx: ayns "in" | Manx: aynym | Manx: aynyd | Manx: ayn | Manx: aynjee | Manx: ayn, ayndooin | Manx: ayndiu | Manx: ayndoo, ayndaue | |
| Manx: da "to" | Manx: dou | Manx: dhyt | Manx: da | Manx: jee | Manx: dooin | Manx: diu | Manx: daue | |
| Manx: dys, gys "to" | Manx: hym | Manx: hood | Manx: huggey | Manx: huic(k) | Manx: hooin | Manx: hiu | Manx: huc | |
| Manx: ec "at" | Manx: aym | Manx: ayd | Manx: echey | Manx: eck | Manx: ain | Manx: orroo | Manx: oc | |
| Manx: er "on" | Manx: orrym | Manx: ort | Manx: er | Manx: urree | Manx: orrin | Manx: erriu | Manx: orroo | |
| Manx: fo "under" | Manx: foym | Manx: foyd | Manx: fo | Manx: foee | Manx: foin | Manx: feue | Manx: foue | |
| Manx: gollrish "like" | Manx: gollrym | Manx: gollryt | Manx: gollrish | Manx: gollree | Manx: gollrin | Manx: gollriu | Manx: gollroo | |
| Manx: harrish "over" | Manx: harrym | Manx: harryd | Manx: harrish | Manx: harree | Manx: harrin | Manx: harriu | Manx: harroo, harrystoo | |
| Manx: jeh "of" | Manx: jeem | Manx: jeed | Manx: jeh | Manx: j'ee | Manx: jin | Manx: jiu | Manx: jeu | |
| Manx: lesh "with" | Manx: lhiam | Manx: lhiat | Manx: lesh | Manx: lhee | Manx: lhien | Manx: lhiu | Manx: lhieu | |
| Manx: marish "with" | Manx: marym | Manx: mayrt | Manx: marish | Manx: maree | Manx: marin | Manx: meriu | Manx: maroo | |
| Manx: mysh "about" | Manx: moom | Manx: mood | Manx: mysh | Manx: mooee | Manx: mooin | Manx: miu | Manx: moo, mymboo | |
| Manx: rish "to" | Manx: rhym | Manx: rhyt | Manx: rish | Manx: r'ee | Manx: rooin | Manx: riu | Manx: roo | |
| Manx: roish "before" | Manx: roym | Manx: royd | Manx: roish | Manx: roee, rhymbee | Manx: roin | Manx: reue | Manx: roue, rhymboo | |
| Manx: shaghey "past" | Manx: shaghym | Manx: shaghyd | Manx: shaghey | Manx: shaghee | Manx: shaghin | Manx: shaghiu | Manx: shaghoo | |
| Manx: veih, voish "from" | Manx: voym | Manx: voyd | Manx: voish, veih | Manx: voee | Manx: voin | Manx: veue | Manx: voue | |
Manx: Dys is the usual word today. Manx: Gys is literary. This is also the inflection of Manx: hug "to".
Manx: J'ee "of her" is distinguished from homophonous Manx: jee "to her" in spelling by means of an apostrophe.
Sometimes, these forms, apart from Manx: mayrt are written with a circumflex over the first vowel, e.g. Manx: mârish, Manx: mêriu.
Manx: Rish is equivalent to various different prepositions in English depending on context, e.g. Manx: clashtyn rish "listen to", Manx: caggey rish "fight against", Manx: rish tammylt " for a while".
The spelling Manx: r'ee distinguishes it from the homophonic noun Manx: ree "king". In addition to the above "simple" prepositions, Manx has a number of prepositional phrases based on a noun; being based on nouns, the possessive personal pronouns are used to refer to what would in English be pronominal prepositional objects. This also happens in English phrases such as "for my sake".
| 1st person singular | 2nd person singular | 3rd person singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masc. | fem. | |||||
| Manx: erskyn "above" | Manx: er-my-skyn | Manx: er-dty-skyn | Manx: er-e-skyn | Manx: er-e-skyn | Manx: er-nyn-skyn | |
| Manx: mychione "concerning" | Manx: my-my-chione | Manx: my-dty-chione | Manx: my-e-chione | Manx: my-e-kione | Manx: my-nyn-gione | |
| Manx: son "for the sake of" | Manx: er-my-hon | Manx: er-dty-hon | Manx: er-e-hon | Manx: er-e-son | Manx: er-nyn-son | |
| Manx: lurg "after" | Manx: my lurg | Manx: dty lurg | Manx: e lurg | Manx: e lurg | Manx: nyn lurg | |
| Manx: noi "against" | Manx: m'oi | Manx: dt'oi | Manx: n'oi | Manx: ny hoi | Manx: nyn oi | |
| Manx: trooid "through" | Manx: my hrooid | Manx: dty hrooid | Manx: e trooid | Manx: urree | Manx: nyn drooid | |
The main coordinating conjunctions in Manx are Manx: as "and", Manx: agh "but" and Manx: ny "or". Subordinating conjunctions include Manx: choud('s) "while", Manx: derrey "until", Manx: dy "that; so that", Manx: er-y-fa "because", Manx: ga dy/nagh "although (affirmative/negative)" and Manx: tra "when". Manx: My "if" introduces conditional clauses as do Manx: myr "as if" and Manx: mannagh "unless".
Manx numbers are traditionally vigesimal, as seen below. Some speakers use a more modern decimal version of some numbers, in a similar way to Irish and Scottish Gaelic, for example, to simplify the teaching of arithmetic.
| Cardinal | Ordinal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional | Modern | |||
| 0 | ||||
| 1 | Manx: un, nane | Manx: chied | ||
| 2 | Manx: daa, jees | Manx: nah | ||
| 3 | Manx: tree | Manx: trass | ||
| 4 | Manx: kiare | Manx: kiarroo | ||
| 5 | Manx: queig | Manx: queigoo | ||
| 6 | Manx: shey | Manx: sheyoo | ||
| 7 | Manx: shiaght | Manx: shiaghtoo | ||
| 8 | Manx: hoght | Manx: hoghtoo | ||
| 9 | Manx: nuy | Manx: nuyoo | ||
| 10 | Manx: jeih | Manx: jeihoo | ||
| 11 | Manx: nane jeig | Manx: nane jeigoo | ||
| 12 | Manx: daa yeig | Manx: daa yeigoo | ||
| 13 | Manx: tree jeig | Manx: trass jeig | ||
| 14 | Manx: kiare jeig | Manx: kiarroo jeig | ||
| 15 | Manx: queig jeig | Manx: queiggoo jeig | ||
| 16 | Manx: shey jeig | Manx: sheyoo jeig | ||
| 17 | Manx: shiaght jeig | Manx: shiaghtoo jeig | ||
| 18 | Manx: hoght jeig | Manx: hoghtoo jeig | ||
| 19 | Manx: nuy jeig | Manx: nuyoo jeig | ||
| 20 | Manx: feedoo | Manx: kiare | ||
| 21 | Manx: nane as feed | Manx: feed-nane | Manx: chied as feed | |
| 22 | Manx: daa as feed | Manx: feed-jees | Manx: nah as feed | |
| 23 | Manx: tree as feed | Manx: feed-tree | Manx: trass as feed | |
| 30 | Manx: jeih as feed | Manx: treead | Manx: jeihoo as feed | |
| 31 | Manx: nane jeig as feed | Manx: treead-nane | Manx: chied jeig as feed | |
| 32 | Manx: daa yeig as feed | Manx: treead-jees | Manx: nah jeig as feed | |
| 33 | Manx: tree jeig as feed | Manx: treead-tree | Manx: trass jeig as feed | |
| 40 | Manx: daeed | Manx: kiarad | Manx: daeedoo | |
| 50 | Manx: jeih as daeed, lieh cheead | Manx: queigad | Manx: jeihoo as daeed | |
| 60 | Manx: tree feed | Manx: sheyad | Manx: tree feedoo | |
| 70 | Manx: tree feed as jeih | Manx: shiaghtad | Manx: tree feedoo as jeih | |
| 80 | Manx: kiare feed | Manx: hoghtad | Manx: kiare feedoo | |
| 90 | Manx: tree feed as jeih | Manx: nuyad | Manx: tree feedoo as jeih | |
| 100 | Manx: keead | Manx: keeadoo | ||
| 1,000 | Manx: jeih keead, milley, thousane | Manx: jeih cheeadoo, millioo, thousaneoo | ||
| 1,000,000 | Manx: millioon | Manx: millioonoo |
Un and daa are used for counting objects (daa ghooinney "two men"). Nane and jees mean "number one" and "number two" in a more abstract, mathematical sense, and are used for phone numbers and arithmetic.