Manoalide Explained

Manoalide is a calcium channel blocker. It has antibiotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and is found in some sponges, including the West Pacific species Luffariella variabilis.^[1] Its functions are made possible by the permanent blockage of phospholipase A2 and C^[2] with lysine residues. This could be made possible through the functional groups incorporated in gamma-hydroxybutenolide, alpha-hydroxydihydropyran and the trimethylcyclohexenyl. The gamma-hydroxybutenolide ring is present in the reaction between manoalide and phospholipase A2, the hemiacetal in alpha-hydroxydihydropyran is needed for permanent binding and hydrophobic trimethylcyclohexenyl ring makes it possible for non-bonded interactions to interact between manoalide and phospholipase A2 to strengthen the reaction. ^[3] Due to its potential of permanent inhibition, it was made possible for it to take part in oral cancer^[4] and Hepatitis C^[5] research.

Notes and References

1. Brusca, Richard C. and Brusca, Gary J. Invertebrates. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, 2002. p. 202.
2. Book: Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology. 2006. Oxford University Press. Cammack, Richard, Ph. D.. 978-1-61344-113-8. Rev.. Oxford. 743217704.
3. 2020-12-01. Molecular Pharmacology: 98 (6). Molecular Pharmacology. en. 98. 6. 0026-895X.
4. Wang. Hui-Ru. Tang. Jen-Yang. Wang. Yen-Yun. Farooqi. Ammad Ahmad. Yen. Ching-Yu. F. Yuan. Shyng-Shiou. Huang. Hurng-Wern. Chang. Hsueh-Wei. 2019. Manoalide Preferentially Provides Antiproliferation of Oral Cancer Cells by Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Cancers. 11. 9. 1303. 10.3390/cancers11091303. 31487907. 6770486. free.
5. Salam. Kazi Abdus. Furuta. Atsushi. Noda. Naohiro. Tsuneda. Satoshi. Sekiguchi. Yuji. Yamashita. Atsuya. Moriishi. Kohji. Nakakoshi. Masamichi. Tsubuki. Masayoshi. Tani. Hidenori. Tanaka. Junichi. 2012. Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase by Manoalide. Journal of Natural Products. 75. 4. 650–4. 10.1021/np200883s. 22394195.