| Saona Island | |
| Map: | Dominican Republic |
| Native Name: | Isla Saona |
| Native Name Link: | Spanish language |
| Location: | Caribbean Sea |
| Coordinates: | 18.1556°N -68.6994°W |
| Area Km2: | 110 |
| Length Km: | 25 |
| Width Km: | 5 |
| Coastline Km: | 47 |
| Elevation M: | 35 |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | Province |
| Country Admin Divisions: | La Romana |
| Population: | 300 |
| Density Km2: | 2.73 |
Saona Island (Spanish; Castilian: Isla Saona) is a 110 square kilometer tropical island located off the south-east coast in Dominican Republic's La Altagracia province. It is a government-protected nature reserve and is part of Parque Nacional Cotubanamá.[1]
There are two permanent settlements, the towns of Mano Juan-adamaney and Catuano. Mano Juan is a fishing village with wooden houses and "Catuano beach" has a detachment of the navy.
The island is a popular tourist destination in the Dominican Republic. A number of films such as Pirates of the Caribbean (2003)[2] and The Blue Lagoon have been filmed in part on Saona Island.
Granberry and Vescelius (2004) suggest a Macoris etymology for the name Saona, comparing it with sa-ona 'full of bats' in the purportedly related Warao language of the Orinoco Delta.;[3] However, it is widely accepted that Columbus named it after the Italian city of Savona (see below).
The island was baptized "Saona" by Christopher Columbus, who landed on it in May 1494[4] during his second voyage to the Americas. The name was meant "... to honor Michele da Cuneo, [Columbus'] friend from Savona."[5] Columbus named Michele da Cuneo the first governor of the island.[6]
By 1500, the Tainos on the island provided Santo Domingo with most of its cassava.[7]
Saona Island and Savona (now part of Liguria, northern Italy) still have twinning relationships. The small power plant in Saona Island is a gift of Savona.
Saona island is surrounded by sandbars, and a number of coral reef ecosystems with a wide marine diversity.
There are 539 registered species of endemic flora within the Cotubanamá National Park, all in a diversity of ecosystems including wild bushes and mangroves, semi-humid and salted forests.
Four species of neotropical mangrove are present along the Catuano Channel - Red, White, Black, and Button Mangle.
Among the 112 species of birds on the island, the most prominent are Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), Magnificent Frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens), Flamingos, Seagulls, endemic Hispaniolan Parrots, and Red-footed Boobies.
In the surrounding Caribbean Sea, 40 species of fish, 10 coral, and 124 mollusks can be found, with other marine life including green sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, manatees, bottle-nose dolphins, rhinoceros iguanas, and octopuses.[8] [9]
Saona Island is one of the most visited locations in the Dominican Republic with over 1 million visitors per year.[10] It is the most visited protected area in the Dominican Republic, capturing 45% of the visits to protected areas in 2019.[11]