New York County District Attorney Explained

Post:District Attorney
Body:New York County
Insignia:New York County District Attorney seal.png
Incumbent:Alvin Bragg
Incumbentsince:January 1, 2022
Department:District Attorneys Office of New York County
Formation:1801
First:Richard Riker

The New York County District Attorney, also known as the Manhattan District Attorney, is the elected district attorney for New York County (Manhattan), New York. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws (federal law violations in Manhattan are prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York). The current district attorney is Alvin Bragg. He was elected in 2021 to succeed Cyrus Vance Jr.[1]

District attorneys are legally permitted to delegate the prosecution of petty crimes or offenses.[2] [3] Prosecutors do not normally handle New York City Criminal Court summons court cases, and the Manhattan district attorney has a memorandum of understanding with the New York City Police Department allowing their legal bureau to selectively prosecute them.[4] [5]

History

In the legislative act of February 12, 1796, New York State was divided into seven districts, each with an Assistant Attorney General, except New York County where Attorney General Josiah Ogden Hoffman prosecuted personally until 1801.[6]

From 1801 to 1813, New York County was part of the First District, which included the counties of New York, Kings, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk. At that time, Queens included current-day Nassau County and Westchester included the Bronx. In 1813, Westchester County was apportioned to a new district with Rockland and Putnam counties, and in 1815, New York County became the Twelfth District—the only one at the time that was a single county. In 1818, each county in the state became its own district.

From 1874 to 1895, New York County included the West Bronx, and from 1895 to 1913 it included all of what is now Bronx County, governing the same area as does the present Borough of the Bronx.[7] On January 1, 1914, the Bronx became a separate county with its own district attorney.

Until 1822, the district attorney was appointed by the Council of Appointment, and held the office "during the Council's pleasure", meaning that there was no defined term of office. Under the provisions of the New York State Constitution of 1821, the district attorney was appointed to a three-year term by the County Court, and under the provisions of the Constitution of 1846, the office became elective by popular ballot. The term was three years, beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31. In case of a vacancy, an acting district attorney was appointed by the Court of General Sessions until the Governor of New York filled the vacancy with an interim appointment until an election was held for the remainder of the term.

The Consolidation Charter of 1896 extended the term by a year of the incumbent John R. Fellows, who had been elected in 1893 to a three-year term (1894–1896). Since the city election of 1897, the district attorney's term has coincided with the mayor's term and has been four years long.[8] In case of a vacancy, the governor can make an interim appointment until a special election is held for the remainder of the term.

List of district attorneys

No.District AttorneyDates in office Party Notes
1Richard RikerAugust 19, 1801 – February 13, 1810Dem.-Rep.[9]
2Cadwallader D. ColdenFebruary 13, 1810 – February 19, 1811 Federalist
3Richard RikerFebruary 19, 1811 – March 5, 1813Dem.-Rep.
4Barent GardenierMarch 5, 1813 – March 31, 1815Federalist
5John RodmanMarch 31, 1815 – January 28, 1817Dem.-Rep.[10]
6Hugh MaxwellJanuary 28, 1817 – June 11, 1818Dem.-Rep.
7June 11, 1818 – February 13, 1821Dem.-Rep.[11]
8Hugh MaxwellFebruary 13, 1821 – May 1829Dem.-Rep.
  • last to be appointed by the Council of Appointment
  • re-appointed by the Court of General Sessions to two three-year terms
9Ogden HoffmanMay 1829 – May 22, 1835Democratic
  • appointed to two three-year terms
10Thomas PhoenixMay 22, 1835 – June 4, 1838?
  • appointed to a three-year term
11James R. WhitingJune 4, 1838 – June 10, 1844Democratic
  • appointed to two three-year terms
12Matthew C. PatersonJune 10, 1844 – January 26, 1846?
  • appointed to a three-year term
  • died in office
13John McKeonFebruary 6, 1846 – January 1, 1851Democratic
  • last to be appointed by the Court of General Sessions and first to be elected by popular ballot (at the judicial state election of May 1847 to a term of three and a half years)
14N. Bowditch BluntJanuary 1, 1851 – July 17, 1854Whig
  • elected to two three-year terms[12]
  • died in office[13]
–Lorenzo B. Shepard[14] July 25, 1854 – January 1, 1855 (interim)Democratic
15A. Oakey Hall[16] January 1, 1855 – January 1, 1858Whig
  • elected to a three-year term[17]
  • did not run for re-election
16Peter B. Sweeny[18] January 1, 1858 – October 3, 1858Democratic
  • elected to a three-year term[19] [20]
  • resigned because of ill health[21]
–Joseph Blunt[22] October 5, 1858 – January 1, 1859 (interim)Republican
17Nelson J. Waterbury[24] January 1, 1859 – January 1, 1862Democratic
  • elected to a three-year term[25]
  • lost election to Hall[26]
18A. Oakey HallJanuary 1, 1862 – January 1, 1871Republican (1861)
Democratic (1864, 1867)
19Samuel B. Garvin[32] January 5, 1869 – January 1, 1870 (acting)
January 1, 1870 – January 1, 1873		Democratic
  • appointed by Governor John T. Hoffman[33]
  • elected to a three-year term
  • did not run for re-election
20Benjamin K. PhelpsJanuary 1, 1873 – December 30, 1880Republican
–Daniel G. Rollins[39] January 3, 1881 – January 10, 1881 (acting)
January 10, 1881 – January 1, 1882 (interim)		Republican
  • appointed acting district attorney by the Court of General Sessions,[40] then appointed interim district attorney for the remainder of Phelps' term by Governor Alonzo B. Cornell[41]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Surrogate instead, and won)[42]
21John McKeonJanuary 1, 1882 – November 22, 1883Democratic
  • second tenure, elected to a three-year term[43]
  • died in office[44]
–John VincentNovember 22, 1883 – November 30, 1883 (acting)Democratic
  • appointed by the Court of General Sessions to act until the governor's appointment of a successor[45]
–Wheeler Hazard Peckham[46] November 30, 1883 – December 9, 1883 (interim)Democratic
  • appointed by Governor Grover Cleveland, then resigned due to ill health[47]
–Peter B. Olney[48] December 10, 1883 – January 1, 1885 (interim)Democratic
  • appointed by Governor Cleveland
  • did not run for election
22Randolph B. Martine[49] January 1, 1885 – January 1, 1888Democratic
  • elected to a three-year term[50] [51]
  • did not run for re-election, became a judge in the Court of General Sessions[52] [53]
23John R. FellowsJanuary 1, 1888 – January 1, 1891Democratic
  • elected to a three-year term[54]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Congress instead, and won)[55]
24De Lancey Nicoll[56] January 1, 1891 – January 1, 1894Democratic
  • elected to a three-year term
  • did not seek renomination[57]
25John R. FellowsJanuary 1, 1894 – December 7, 1896Democratic
  • second tenure, elected to a three-year term that was extended by one year so that the district attorney, the mayor, and other city officers would be elected in the same year[58]
  • died in office shortly before the extra year began[59]
–Vernon M. Davis[60] December 7, 1896 – December 19, 1896 (acting)Democratic
  • appointed by the Court of General Sessions to act until the appointment of a successor by the Governor[61]
–William M. K. Olcott[62] December 19, 1896 – January 1, 1898 (interim)Republican
26Asa Bird Gardiner[64] January 1, 1898 – December 22, 1900Democratic
  • elected a four-year term[65]
  • removed from office by Governor Theodore Roosevelt for corruption[66]
–Eugene A. Philbin[67] December 22, 1900 – January 1, 1902 (interim)Democratic
  • appointed by Governor Roosevelt
–George W. Schurman[68] January 1, 1902 (acting)Republican
  • appointed by Mayor Low until Jerome was sworn in[69] [70]
27William T. Jerome[71] January 2, 1902 – January 1, 1910Fusion/Ind.
  • elected on a Fusion ticket nominated by Anti-Tammany Democrats, Republicans and Citizens Union[72] [73]
  • re-elected in 1905 as an Independent, was also nominated by the Republican Party too late to appear on the ballot[74]
  • not re-nominated for re-election[75]
28Charles Seymour Whitman[76] January 1, 1910 – January 1, 1915Republican
–Charles A. Perkins[80] January 1, 1915 – January 1, 1916 (interim)Republican
  • appointed by Whitman, who was his predecessor district attorney and became governor
  • defeated by Swann in a special election[81]
29Edward Swann[82] January 1, 1916 – January 1, 1922Democratic
  • elected to the remainder of Whitman's second term
  • re-elected to a four-year term[83]
  • did not seek re-nomination
30Joab H. Banton[84] January 1, 1922 – January 1, 1930Democratic
  • elected to two four-year terms[85] [86]
  • did not seek renomination[87]
31Thomas C. T. Crain[88] January 1, 1930 – January 1, 1934Democratic
  • elected to a four-year term[89] [90]
  • did not run for re-election[91]
32William C. DodgeJanuary 1, 1934 – January 1, 1938Democratic
  • elected to a four-year term[92]
  • not nominated for re-election by Tammany Hall[93] [94]
33Thomas E. Dewey[95] January 1, 1938 – January 1, 1942Republican,
American Labor,
City Fusion
  • elected to a four-year term[96]
  • did not run for re-election[97]
34Frank Hogan[98] January 1, 1942 – August 10, 1973Democratic
  • Initially elected on the Democratic, Republican, American Labor, Fusion, and United City tickets[99] [100]
  • elected to eight terms
  • tendered his resignation on December 26, 1973 after being re-elected the prior month, and technically remained in office until Kuh was sworn in
–Alfred J. Scotti[101] August 10, 1973 – February 13, 1974 (acting)Democratic
  • acting district attorney from the time Hogan was hospitalized until Kuh was sworn in[102] [103] [104]
–Richard Kuh[105] February 13, 1974 – January 1, 1975 (interim)Democratic
  • appointed by Governor Malcolm Wilson for the remainder of the year
  • defeated by Morgenthau in both the Democratic primary and a special general election running as a Republican for the remainder of Hogan's term[106] [107]
35January 1, 1975 – January 1, 2010Democratic
  • defeated Kuh in both the Democratic primary and in a special election for the remainder of Hogan's ninth term
  • re-elected to eight four-year terms
36Cyrus Vance Jr.January 1, 2010 – January 1, 2022Democratic
37Alvin BraggJanuary 1, 2022 – incumbentDemocratic
  • elected to a four-year term in 2021[112]

In popular culture

Films

Television series

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Alvin Bragg Set to Become Manhattan's First Black District Attorney. 2 July 2021.
  2. People v Jeffrey's, 53 Misc 3d 1205 (2016)
  3. News: Judge: NYPD can act as prosecutor in Black Lives Matter cases. . New York. en. Shayna. Jacobs. 19 September 2016.
  4. News: Occupy Wall Street Judge Refuses to Throw Out Summonses. Chris. Dolmetsch. 14 December 2011. Bloomberg News.
  5. News: Protesters Sue to Stop NYPD from Acting as Prosecutors. Nick. Pinto. The Village Voice. November 3, 2016.
  6. Book: Chester . Alden . Weeks . Lyman Horace . Dougherty . John Hampden . 1911 . Legal and Judicial History of New York . 136 . new York county district attorney 1818. . National Americana Society .
  7. Geoffrey Hermalyn and Lloyd Ultan, "Bronx" in The Encyclopedia of New York City (1st edition), edited by Kenneth T. Jackson, New York Historical Society and Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995,, page 140.
  8. Except from 1901 to 1905, when the district attorney's term was four years and two mayors each served a two-year term.
  9. Book: Werner. Edgar A.. Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York. 1891. Weed, Parsons, and Company. Albany, N.Y.. 553–563. 22 October 2016.
  10. Werner (1891), p. 554. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  11. Werner (1891), p. 558. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  12. News: New-York State Election — Additional Returns State Ticket — City Vote. 28 November 2016. The New York Times . November 10, 1853. 8.
  13. News: Death of N.B. Blunt, Esq.. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. July 18, 1854. 4.
  14. News: Sudden Death of Lorenzo B. Shepard. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. September 20, 1856. 4.
  15. News: New-York City — City Politics — Soft-Shell Judiciary Convention. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 12, 1854. 8.
  16. News: A. Oakey Hall is Dead — The Lawyer, Writer, Politician, and ex-Mayor a Victim of Heart Disease — The Man's Remarkable Life — Poverty-Stricken in Youth, He Worked His Way Through College and Climbed Steadily to the Top — Some of His Peculiarities. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 8, 1898. 1.
  17. News: Official Canvass. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. December 5, 1854. 6.
  18. News: Peter B. Sweeny Dead at 86 — One of "Big Four" of Tweed Ring Spent His Last Years In New York. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. September 1, 1911. 7.
  19. News: Votes for City Officers at the November Election — Official. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 21, 1857. 8.
  20. News: Court of General Sessions. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 4, 1858. 5.
  21. News: Resignation of P.B. Sweeney. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 4, 1858. 4.
  22. News: Death of Geo. W. Blunt — His Career as a Public Officer — Brief Sketch of His Life — Over Thirty-Two Years in the Public Service — The Positions Which He Held — The Blunt Family As Writers on Nautical Subjects. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. April 20, 1878.
  23. News: News of the Day. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 6, 1858. 4.
  24. News: Ex-Judge Nelson J. Waterbury Dead — Succumbs to Pneumonia After Three Days, Illness — His Long Career. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. April 23, 1894. 1.
  25. News: Law Reports — Court of General Sessions for January. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 3, 1859. 3.
  26. News: Vote for Canal Commissioner — Votes for Assemblymen and Senators. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 7, 1861.
  27. News: The State Elections — New-York — The Legislature — Members of Assembly Elected — The Election in the City. 29 November 2016. The New York Times . November 7, 1861.
  28. News: Glorious Result Yesterday — Election of Lincoln and Johnson — Terrible Defeat of McClellan — The Union Triumphant — New-England a Solid Phalanx — New-York for Lincoln and Fenton — Defeat of Governor Seymour and His Friends — Gain of Five Union Congressmen in the State — Election of Raymond, Dodge, Darling, Conklin and Humphrey — Pennsylvania Union on the Home Vote — Heavy Union Gains — Maryland and Delaware All Right — Heavy Union Gains in New-Jersey — The Great Northwest Solid for Lincoln — Details of the Returns — The Vote of the City — President and Governor — Canal Commissioner — State Prison Inspector — Fourth Congressional District — Fifth Congressional District — Sixth Congressional District — Seventh Congressional District — Eighth Congressional District — Ninth Congressional District — The Total Vote and the Registry. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 9, 1864. 1.
  29. News: Local Intelligence — The Recent Elections in the City — Corrected Vote by Wards. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 10, 1867. 8.
  30. News: The Charter Election — The Tammany Nominees Elected by Large Majorities — A. Oakey Hall Mayor Elect — Richard O'Gorman Corporation Counsel — Tabular Statement of Voting — Arrests of Illegal Voters. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. December 2, 1898. 1.
  31. News: Municipal Affairs — Organization of the Common Council — The Mayor's Message — The City Budget for 1869 — Comparison of Taxation in 1868 and 1869. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 5, 1869. 2.
  32. News: Obituary — Samuel B. Garvin. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. June 29, 1878. 5.
  33. News: Law Reports — The Law Courts for January. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 4, 1869. 2.
  34. News: New-York — Official Vote for President and Governor. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 22, 1872.
  35. News: The New Year — How the Social Holiday will be Celebrated — Prospect of a Fine Day — New-Year's Calls — The Customs of the Day — Official Receptions — Work of the Old Year — Decapitations and Appointments in Municipal Departments. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 1, 1873. 5.
  36. News: The People's Victory — The Vote in the City — A Democratic Majority of 28,156 For Secretary of State, Against 42,528 For Tilden Last Year — The Vote For District Attorney and Recorder. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 4, 1875. 1.
  37. News: One-Man Power Crushed — An Overwhelming Victory For the People — Edward Cooper Elected Mayor by a Majority of Nearly 20,000 — John Kelly Defeated at Every Point — The People Rise in Their Might Against Tammany Hall — Good Municipal Government Assured. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 6, 1878. 1.
  38. News: A Bright Career Ended — Death of District Attorney Benjamin K. Phelps — Brief Sketch of His Life and Legal Work — A Leading Lawyer and a Successful Prosecutor — His Last Illness. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. December 31, 1880. 5.
  39. News: Daniel G. Rollins Dead — The Former Surrogate Passes Away at His Summer Home in Somersworth, N.H. — His Career As a Lawyer — Served as Assistant United States District Attorney and County District Attorney in This City, and Had a Wide Acquaintance at the Bar. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. August 31, 1897. 1.
  40. News: Mr. Phelps's Successor — His Assistant, Mr. Rollins, Appointed Temporarily. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 4, 1881. 9.
  41. News: Mr. Phelps's Successor — Daniel G. Rollins Appointed District Attorney by the Governor. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 11, 1881. 5.
  42. News: A Republican Majority — The State Ticket Elected On a Close Vote. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 9, 1891. 1.
  43. News: The New District Attorney — Mr. M'Keon Assumes Office and Visits the Toms. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 3, 1882. 8.
  44. News: John M'Keon's Work Done — Sudden Close of a Long and Active Life — Dying Yesterday After a Successful Career As a Lawyer, Legislator, and Criminal Prosecutor. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 23, 1883. 8.
  45. News: Mr. M'Keon's Successor. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 23, 1883. 8.
  46. Book: Patterson. Edward. Memorial of Wheeler Hazard Peckham. 1906. Association of the Bar of the City of New York. New York, N.Y.. 15 December 2016.
  47. News: Wheeler H. Peckham Resigns — Ill Health Causes Him to Give Place to Peter B. Olney as District Attorney. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. December 11, 1883. 1.
  48. News: Peter Butler Olney Dies of Pneumonia — Ex-District Attorney Succumbs Suddenly at His Cedarhurst Home at 78 Years — Sued "Boss" Tweed Ring — Brother of Late Secretary of State Helped Revise the Laws Affecting New York City. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. February 10, 1922. 15.
  49. News: Death of Judge Martine — Heart Failure, Due to Peritonitis, the Cause — His Recovery Was Hoped For — Preparations Had Been Made to Take Him to Old Point Comfort — Action of General Sessions Judges. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. March 31, 1895. 1.
  50. News: Official Vote of the County — Most of the Cleveland Electors Have a Plurality of 43,130. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 20, 1884. 8.
  51. News: Mr. Martine Begins Work. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 2, 1885. 8.
  52. News: Shall The People Be Beaten?. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 23, 1887. 4.
  53. News: Col. Fellows in Office — A Day of Congratulations and Hospitality. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. January 3, 1888. 8.
  54. News: Result of the City Vote — It Proves to Be a Sweeping Democratic Victory — The Labor Vote Broken Up in an Unexpected Way — Candidates Who Are Elected to Office. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 9, 1887. 1.
  55. News: Result of the City Vote — The Tammany Ticket Elected in Its Entirety — Pluralities Given for the Candidates Ranging From About Ten Thousand to Nearly Twenty-Five Thousand. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 5, 1890. 1.
  56. News: De Lancey Nicoll, Noted Lawyer, Dies — Former District Attorney Is Stricken Suddenly in His 77th Year — "Boodle Aldermen's" Foe — Convicted Several for Accepting Franchise Bribes — Delegate to Constitutional Conclaves. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. April 1, 1931. 24.
  57. News: Nicoll Out of the Race — The District Attorney Will Not take a Renomination — He Makes This Announcement After a Talk with Mr. Croker — Says He Was Urged to Run Again, but He Decided to Give up Politics — Gossip About the Tammany Nominations That Will Be Made at the Convention To-night — Republican Hopes. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. October 7, 1893. 5.
  58. News: Tammany Sweeps the City — Very Little Interest Over the Local Ticket — As the Day Was Fine, However, the Respectable Element Went to the Polls in Larger Numbers Than Usual — Many Workmen Did Not Take the Customary "Day Off," Evidently Caring Little How the Election Resulted — Disturbances Were Few and Trifling. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 8, 1893. 6.
  59. News: Col. John R. Fellows — Dead The District Attorney Passed Away Yesterday — His Older Son Reached Home Too Late to See His Father in Life — Sketch of Col. Fellows's Career. 30 November 2016. The New York Times . December 8, 1896. 8.
  60. News: Ex-Justice Davis Dies of Pneumonia — Eminent Jurist, Who Lately Had Acted as Official Referee, Was 76 Years Old — Noted Episcopal Layman — He Won National Fame as District Attorney — Led in Welfare and Educational Activities. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. April 18, 1931. 19.
  61. News: Favor Vernon M. Davis — Indorsed by Business Men as Col. Fellows's Successor. 30 November 2016. The New York Times . December 12, 1896. 7.
  62. News: W.M.K. Olcott, Ex-Judge, Dead — Served as District Attorney of New York County Many Years Ago — Once City Court Judge — Prominent Member of the Bar — Ardent Republican, He Entered Politics Early in Career. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. May 11, 1933. 16.
  63. News: Olcott Takes His Office — New District Attorney Sworn In by Justice Pryor — Immediately Reappoints Several Assistant District Attorneys and Announces His Policy for Future Distribution of Patronage. 30 November 2016. The New York Times . December 20, 1896. 9.
  64. News: Gen. Asa B. Gardiner Dies in 80th Year — Ex-District Attorney of New York and Military Leader Passes at His Suffern Home — Was Counsel for Grant — Awarded Congressional Medal for Bravery, He Was Asked 45 Years Later to Return It. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. May 29, 1919. 11.
  65. News: Democrats Take All — The Tammany Ticket Makes Almost a Clean Sweep of the Greater City — Only Two Republicans in the Council — Van Wyck's Plurality Is 80,316 — Seth Low Ran Nearly 40,000 Ahead of His Ticket — The Republicans Lose 21 Assemblymen and Elect Only 11 Candidates to the Board of Aldermen. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. November 4, 1897. 1.
  66. News: Col. Gardiner is Removed — Governor Ousts the District Attorney — Sustains the Charges — Appoints Eugene A. Philbin, a Democrat to the Office — Decision Based Principally Upon the Conduct of the District Attorney at the Time of the Devery Indictment. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. December 23, 1900. 1.
  67. News: Judge Philbin Dies; His Illess Brief — End Comes at His City Home After Being Stricken with Pneumonia Tuesday — Was Born Here in 1857 — Justice's Life Marked by Public Service, Especially in Protecting Parks. 15 December 2016. The New York Times. March 15, 1920. 15.
  68. News: G.W. Schurman Dies; Prominent Lawyer — Was Once Associated With Chief Justice Hughes in Legal Practice Here — Leader in Bar Association — Brother of Ex-Envoy to Germany Had Been Active Aide in Jerome Reform Movement. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . January 10, 1931. 15.
  69. News: Mr. Schurman Will Act — To Be District Attorney from Midnight Until Justice Jerome Is Sworn In. 21 October 2016. The New York Times . December 31, 1901. 14.
  70. News: Mr. Jerome Was Not Sworn In — New York Without an Official District Attorney Yesterday — Justices of the Supreme Court Had All Gone Home When He Was Ready to Take the Oath. 21 October 2016. The New York Times . January 2, 1902. 2.
  71. News: Jerome Dies at 74; Long Tammany Foe — District Attorney Whose Raids Roused the City 30 Years Ago Succumbs to Pneumonia — Led Reform Movements — But Was Not 'Reformer' Type — Closed Canfield Resort and Prosecuted Thaw. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . February 14, 1934. 19.
  72. News: Victory for the Fusion Ticket — Seth Low Elected Mayor by About 33,000 Plurality — Jerome Defeats Unger — Fusion Borough Presidents Chosen in Three Boroughs — Van Wyck Left Far Behind — Contest Close for Sheriff in This County — Jerome Wins by About 15,000 — Fusion Justices Win — Democrats Carry Only Queens and Bronx. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . November 6, 1901. 1.
  73. News: Mr. Jerome Takes The Oath of Office — Justice Leventritt Swears In the District Attorney — Police Cases to Receive Immediate and Close Attention — To Bring Offenders to Justice Within Short Space of Time. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . January 3, 1902. 14.
  74. News: Jerome — Elected District Attorney by 3,525 — In Doubt Till Late — Result Greeted with Wild Cheering by the Crowds — Jerome Says the People Did It. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . November 8, 1905. 1.
  75. News: Name Whitman for District Attorney — Republicans Select a Full County Ticket in Accordance with Fusion Agreement — Shea Chosen for Sheriff — Two Republicans and an Independent Democrat Nominated for the Supreme Bench. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . September 30, 1909. 1.
  76. News: Ex-Gov. Whitman Dies Here at 78 — Executive of State, 1915-1918, 'Broke' Rosenthal Case as District Attorney in 1912. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . March 30, 1947. 1.
  77. News: Gaynor Wins; Tammany Loses All The Rest — A Clean Sweep by Fusion of All Offices Outside of the Mayoralty — Gaynor's Plurality 72,500 — But Fusion Has Carried the Board of Estimate and with It City Control — Whitman District Attorney — Beats George Gordon Battle for the Office by About 22,000 Votes — All Patronage to Fusion — Controllership, Aldermanic Presidency, County Offices, and Supreme Court — All Gone — Borough Presidents, Too — McAneny Wins in Manhattan, Gresser Carries Queens, Miller the Bronx — And Roesch Is Beaten. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . November 3, 1909. 3.
  78. Book: Manual for the Use of the Legislature of the State of New York — 1914. 1914. J.B. Lyon. Albany, N.Y. . 665 . 13 December 2016.
  79. News: Whitman Goes in As Bells Toll 12 — New Governor Takes Up Reins of Office at Midnight Without Waiting for Ceremonial — Legal Point is Involved — Courts Advise Him to Re-designate Justices Whose Terms Expired with 1914 — Accepts Own Resignation — First Official Act Is Followed by Appointment of Charles Albert Perkins as District Attorney. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . January 1, 1915. 1.
  80. News: Charles A. Perkins, Ex-Prosecutor, Dies — Served as District Attorney of New York County When Mitchel Was Mayor — Handled City Trust Cases — Took Part In the Lexow Investigation — Made a Drive Against Notorious Gangsters. 13 December 2016. The New York Times. January 17, 1930. 23.
  81. News: Swann, District Attorney — His Plurality 33,589, and Smith Elected Sheriff by 49,390 — Bennet Back to Congress — Has Probably Carried His Uptown District by About 723 Over Healey — Cropsey Wins in Brooklyn — Tammany Will Probably Control Board of Aldermen and Elect McAneny's Successor. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 3, 1915. 1.
  82. News: Associated Press. Edward Swann, 83, Ex-Judge, Is Dead — District Attorney Here, '16-22, Was Often Under Fire — 9 Years in General Sessions. The New York Times . 13 December 2016. September 21, 1945. 21.
  83. News: Hylan Chosen Mayor, Plurality 147,000; Woman Suffrage Wins Probably by 80,000; Prohibition Close, Suffrage Loses, in Ohio — A Tammany Sweep — Hylan Can Get Every Vote in the Board of Estimate — Carries Every Borough — His Vote Is 293,382, Mitchel's 148,060, and Hillquit's 138,793 — Lewis, Attorney General — Beaten in This City, but Had a Big Plurality Up-State — Hylan Promises Loyalty. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 7, 1917. 1.
  84. News: Joab Banton, 79, Once Prosecutor — District Attorney of New York in 1922-29 Dies — Handled Rothstein Murder Case. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . July 21, 1949. 25.
  85. News: The City Vote — Hylan's Plurality 417,986 — Craig's 249,252 — Banton's 83,680.. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 10, 1921. 4.
  86. News: Final Returns Add to Tammany Sweep — All but Three of 63 Candidates for Aldermen, and 56 for Assembly Are Elected — Walker Wins by 401,581 — Banton's Plurality 105,421 — Wigwam Captures 10th District — Connolly Issues Statement. 14 December 2016. The New York Times. November 5, 1925. 2.
  87. News: City Tickets Named; Republican Leaders Pick Aron and Coler — Selections in LaGuardia Slate, With Banker for Controller, Provide a Surprise — Democrats Redesignated — Walker, Berry and McKee Are Chosen for Present Offices, With All Chiefs Concurring — Hylan Still in the Race — Dry Republicans Urge Bennett, Who Once Beat Mitchel in Primary, to Fight LaGuardia. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . August 8, 1929. 1.
  88. News: Thomas C.T. Crain, Ex-Justice, Dies, 82 — Tammany Sachem Who Won District Attorneyship at 69 — A Court Referee at Death — Rothstein Murder One of Cases Investigated by Him — Was of Mayflower Ancestry. The New York Times . 13 December 2016. May 30, 1942. 15.
  89. News: Crain is Elected by 96,863 Margin — Tammany Candidate Leading With 202,574 Against 106,095, With 72 Districts Missing. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 6, 1929. 5.
  90. News: District Attorneys Elect and Some of the Victorious Judicial Candidates. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 6, 1929. 3.
  91. News: Crain Will Retire at the End of His Term – Prosecutor, 74, Tells Friends He Will Not Run Again — Plans to Practice Law. 10 February 2018. The New York Times. May 2, 1933. 38.
  92. News: Officials Elected. 14 December 2016. The New York Times . November 8, 1933. 1.
  93. News: Strong Backing for Hastings. 10 February 2018. The New York Times. July 6, 1937. 10.
  94. News: Dodge Reveals His Plans – Retiring District Attorney Will Return to Private Practice. 10 February 2018. The New York Times. November 4, 1937. 8.
  95. News: Thomas E. Dewey Is Dead at 68. 20 August 2016. The New York Times . March 17, 1971. 1.
  96. News: Route of Tammany Viewed as Knell of 100-Year-Old Machine's Waning Power – Dewey is Winner By 108,823 Margin – Tammany Hall Swept Out of District Attorney's Office After 20-Year Rule –– Victor to Oust Staff – Pledges Reorganization That Will 'Restore Justice' to Courts of County. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. November 3, 1937. 13.
  97. News: Moscow. Warren. Dewey Won't Run – Asks Nomination of One of 4 Aides – Decision Irrevocable, He Says — Backs Lockwood, Gurfein, Hogan or Thayer. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. July 30, 1941. 1.
  98. News: Hogan, District Attorney 32 Years, Dies. Frank S. Hogan, the shy, courteous lawyer who became a legend in 32 years as Manhattan's District Attorney, died yesterday at St. Luke's Hospital. Mr. Hogan was 72 years old and lived at 404 Riverside Drive.. The New York Times. April 3, 1974. 1. 29 November 2013.
  99. News: District Attorney Hogan. 10 February 2018. The New York Times. November 4, 1941. 22.
  100. News: Hagerty. James A.. La Guardia Wins A Third Term by 133841; His Ticket Elected, Gets Estimate Board; County Reform Adopted; Harvey Loses – O'Dwyer Vote High – Mayor Retains Office by Thin Margin in Closest Contest Since 1905 – M'Goldrick is Victor – Fusion to Have 12 of 16 Board Votes – Morris Again Heads Council. 10 February 2018. The New York Times. November 5, 1941. 1, 14.
  101. News: Dedicated Crime Buster - Alfred Joseph Scotti . 4 January 2022 . The New York Times . December 22, 1959. 25.
  102. News: Breasted. Mary. Hogan Has Had a Stroke And Lung‐Tumor Surgery. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. September 18, 1973. 1.
  103. News: Goldstein. Tom. Kuh Appointed Manhattan Prosecutor; Scotti, Chagrined, Planning to Retire. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. February 6, 1974. 41.
  104. News: Kuh Is Sworn In; Plans Neighborhood D.A. Offices. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. February 14, 1974. 45.
  105. News: Saxon. Wolfgang. Vitello. Paul. Richard H. Kuh, Ex-Manhattan Prosecutor, Dies at 90. 13 December 2016. The New York Times . November 19, 2011. D8.
  106. News: Kihss. Peter. Morgenthau‐Kuh Contest To Be Repeated on Nov. 5. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. September 12, 1974. 12.
  107. News: Evans Asbury. Edith. Morgenthau Trounces Kuh in D.A. Race. 11 February 2018. The New York Times. November 6, 1974. 1.
  108. Web site: Statement and Return Report for Certification General Election 2009 – 11/03/2009 New York County – All Parties and Independent Bodies – District Attorney – New York. vote.nyc.ny.us. Board Elections in the City of New York. 8 February 2018.
  109. Web site: Statement and Return Report for Certification General Election 2013 - 11/05/2013 New York County - All Parties and Independent Bodies District Attorney New York. vote.nyc.ny.us. Board of Elections in the City of New York. 8 February 2018.
  110. Web site: Statement and Return Report for Certification General Election – 11/07/2017 New York County – All Parties and Independent Bodies – District Attorney – New York. vote.nyc.ny.us/. Board of Elections in the City of New York. 8 February 2018.
  111. News: Bromwich . Jonah E. . Manhattan D.A. Leaves Office With One Big Case Up in the Air . 4 January 2022 . The New York Times . December 31, 2021. A16.
  112. News: Bromwich . Jonah E. . Manhattan Elects Its First Black D.A., in a Shift That Is Beyond Symbolic . 4 January 2022 . The New York Times . November 3, 2021. A18.

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