Mammoth Biosciences Explained

Mammoth Biosciences is a biotechnology company based in Brisbane, California[1] developing diagnostic tests using CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-based therapies using its proprietary ultra-small CRISPR systems. Several CRISPR-Cas systems identified through the company's metagenomics-based protein discovery platform, including members of the Casφ and Cas14 families of CRISPR-associated enzymes, have demonstrated potential for therapeutic genome editing in in vivo settings.[2]

History

In 2023, the company announced that it will focus on developing CRISPR-based therapies.[7] The company's platform uses "ultra-small" Cas enzymes, such as CasΦ and Cas14,  which measure down to a third or less the size of Cas9, and which could allow for easier delivery in vivo through commonly used non-viral and viral delivery mechanisms, including adeno-associated virus vectors.[8] [9] Compared to Cas9, CasΦ and Cas14 may also offer less restrictive protospacer adjacent motif requirements, advantageous off-target activity, and allele-specific editing capabilities, which could broaden the range of targetable diseases in the genome. Mammoth previously announced partnerships with Vertex Pharmaceuticals (2021) and Bayer (2022) to research ultra-small CRISPR systems for in vivo editing.[10] [11]

Related Works

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Fannin . Rebecca . 2022-03-12 . The 30-year-old female founder at the forefront of a billion-dollar bet on CRISPR gene editing . 2023-08-14 . CNBC . en.
  2. Web site: News: Miniscule Cas nucleases do a Mammoth's job . 2023-11-10 . CRISPR Medicine . en.
  3. Web site: Mammoth Biosciences. live. 2021-05-27. Craft.co . https://web.archive.org/web/20210527211806/https://craft.co/mammoth-biosciences . 2021-05-27.
  4. Book: Isaacson, Walter. Walter Isaacson . The Code Breaker. Simon & Schuster. 2021. 978-1-9821-1585-2. 422–423.
  5. Web site: 2020-01-13. Horizon Discovery, Mammoth Biosciences Sign Second CRISPR Tools Development Agreement. 2021-05-27. Genomeweb. en.
  6. Book: Isaacson, Walter . Walter Isaacson . The Code Breaker. Simon & Schuster. 2021. 978-1-9821-1585-2. 427–433.
  7. Web site: CRISPR unicorn Mammoth backs off diagnostics research, laying off 35 on testing team to focus on therapeutics . 2023-09-19 . Endpoints News . en.
  8. Harrington . Lucas B. . Burstein . David . Chen . Janice S. . Paez-Espino . David . Ma . Enbo . Witte . Isaac P. . Cofsky . Joshua C. . Kyrpides . Nikos C. . Banfield . Jillian F. . Doudna . Jennifer A. . 2018-11-16 . Programmed DNA destruction by miniature CRISPR-Cas14 enzymes . Science . en . 362 . 6416 . 839–842 . 10.1126/science.aav4294 . 0036-8075 . 6659742 . 30337455. 2018Sci...362..839H .
  9. Pausch . Patrick . Al-Shayeb . Basem . Bisom-Rapp . Ezra . Tsuchida . Connor A. . Li . Zheng . Cress . Brady F. . Knott . Gavin J. . Jacobsen . Steven E. . Banfield . Jillian F. . Doudna . Jennifer A. . 2020-07-17 . CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor . Science . en . 369 . 6501 . 333–337 . 10.1126/science.abb1400 . 0036-8075 . 8207990 . 32675376. 2020Sci...369..333P .
  10. Web site: Hart . Robert . Mammoth Biosciences Inks $691 Million Deal With Vertex For Crispr Gene-Editing Therapies . 2023-09-19 . Forbes . en.
  11. News: Burger . Ludwig . Weiss . Patricia . 2022-01-10 . Bayer in gene therapy collaboration with Mammoth Biosciences . en . Reuters . 2023-09-19.

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