List of mammals of India explained
This list of mammals of India comprises all the mammal species alive in India today. Some of them are common to the point of being considered vermin while others are exceedingly rare. Many species are known from just a few zoological specimens in museums collected in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of the carnivores and larger mammals are restricted in their distribution to forests in protected areas, while others live within cities in the close proximity of humans. They range in size from the Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They include nocturnal small mammals endemic to India such as the Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina). While the status of many of these species is unknown, some are definitely extinct. Populations of many carnivores are threatened. The tiger (Panthera tigris), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) are some of the most endangered carnivore species. Two rhinoceros species are extinct within the Indian region, but the remaining species, the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) has its last stronghold within India.
Order: Insectivora
Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs
Family Soricidae: shrews
Soricinae
Crocidurinae
Order: Scandentia
Tupaiinae
Order: Chiroptera: bats
Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats
Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats
Family Emballonuridae: sheath-tailed bats
Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats
Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats
Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats
Family Vespertilionidae: evening bats
Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats
Order: Primates
Family Lorisidae: lorises
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)
Earlier classified as a single species, the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) has been reclassified as follows:[6]
Order: Carnivora: Carnivorans
Family Canidae: canines/dogs
Family Felidae: cats
Family Viverridae: civets and palm civets
Family Prionodontidae: Asiatic linsangs
Family Ursidae: bears
Family Ailuropodidae: pandas
Family Mustelidae: mustelids
Family Herpestidae: mongooses
Family Hyaenidae: hyenas
- Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
Order: Cetacea: whales, dolphins, and porpoises
Family Delphinidae
Family Platanistidae: river dolphins
Family Balaenopteridae
- Common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
- Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
- Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni)
- Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
- Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
- Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Family Balaenidae
Family Ziphiidae
Family Phocoenidae
Family Kogiidae
Family Physeteridae
- Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
Order: Sirenia
Family Dugongidae
Order: Proboscidea
Family Elephantidae: elephants
Order: Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
Family Equidae: horses
Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinoceroses
Order: Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates
Family Suidae: pigs
Family Tragulidae: chevrotains
Family Moschidae
Family Cervidae: deer
Family Bovidae: bovids
Order: Pholidota: pangolins
Family Manidae: pangolins
Order: Rodentia
Family Sciuridae: squirrels
Family Muridae: Old World rats, mice
Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines
Order: Lagomorpha: hares, rabbits, pikas
Family Leporidae: hares and rabbits
Family Ochotonidae: pikas
See also
Other references
- Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992). The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: A Systematic Review. Oxford University Press.
- Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London
- Prater, S. H. (1971). The Book of Indian Animals. Oxford University Press. (Third edition 1997)
- Book: A Checklist of Valid Indian Bat Species (Chiroptera: Mammalia) . Talmale . S. S. . Pradhan . M. S. . Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN 411044 . 6 March 2015. 2009.
- Nameer, P. O. (2000). "Checklist of Indian Mammals". Kerala Forest Department and Kerala Agricultural University. 90+xxv pp.
External links
Notes and References
- Cynopterus brachyotis . Csorba . G. . Bumrungsri . S. . Bates . P. . Gumal . M. . Kingston . T. . Molur . S. . Srinivasulu . C. . 2019 . e.T6103A22113381.
- Molur, S. . Srinivasulu, C. . Bates, P. . Francis, C. . 2008 . Pteropus giganteus . 2008 . e.T18725A8511108 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18725A8511108.en . 1 July 2024.
- Khajuria, H. (1977). "Extension of distributional ranges of some rare South Indian Bats". Cheetal. 19 (2&3): 16-20.
- Macaca arctoides . Chetry, D. . Long, Y. . Htun, S. . Timmins, R.J. . Boonratana, R. . amp . Das, J. . e.T12548A17949098 . 2020.
- Sinha, A.; Datta, A.; Madhusudan, M. D.; & Mishra, C. (2005). "The Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (4): 977-989.
- Mootnick . A. . Groves . C. P. . 2005 . A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae) . International Journal of Primatology . 4 . 971–976 . 10.1007/s10764-005-5332-4 . 26. 8394136 .
- Hoolock hoolock . amp . Brockelman, W. . Molur, S. . Geissmann, T. . 2019 . e.T39876A17968083.
- Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Jhala, Y. . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
- Cuon alpinus . Kamler, J. F. . Songsasen, N. . Jenks, K. . Srivathsa, A. . Sheng, L. . Kunkel, K. . amp . e.T5953A72477893 . 2015.
- Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
- Vulpes bengalensis . amp . Jhala, Y.V. . 2016 . e.T23049A81069636.
- Vulpes ferrilata . Harris, R. . 2014 . e.T23061A46179412.
- Catopuma temminckii . McCarthy, J. . Dahal, S. . Dhendup, T. . Gray, T.N.E. . Mukherjee, S. . Rahman, H. . Riordan, P. . Boontua, N. . Wilcox, D. . amp . e.T4038A97165437 . 2015.
- Caracal caracal . Avgan, B. . Henschel, P. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T3847A102424310.
- Web site: The Washington Times . Cheetahs make a comeback in India after 70 years . The Washington Times . 10 November 2022.
- Durant, S. . Mitchell, N. . Ipavec, A. . Groom, R. . amp . Acinonyx jubatus . 2015 . e.T219A50649567.
- Felis chaus . 2016 . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . Jathana, D. . Duckworth, J.W. . Baral, H. . Mukherjee, S. . amp . e.T8540A50651463.
- Felis lybica . amp . Ghoddousi, A. . Belbachir, F. . Durant, S.M. . Herbst, M. . Rosen, T. . 2022 . e.T131299383A154907281 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
- Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666 . 2015.
- Neofelis nebulosa . Gray, T. . Borah, J. . Coudrat, C.N.Z. . Ghimirey, Y. . Giordano, A. . Greenspan, E. . Petersen, W. . Rostro-García, S. . Shariff, M. . Wai-Ming, W. . amp . 2021 . e.T14519A198843258.
- Otocolobus manul . Ross, S. . amp . Barashkova, A. . Dhendup, T. . Munkhtsog, B. . Smelansky, I. . Barclay, D. . Moqanaki, E. . 2020 . e.T15640A162537635.
- Jhala, Y. V. . Qureshi, Q. . Nayak, A. K. . amp . 2019 . Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2018. Summary Report. TR No./2019/05 . National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India . New Delhi, Dehradun .
- Singh, H. S. . Gibson, L. . amp . A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest . 2011 . Biological Conservation . 144 . 5 . 1753–1757 . 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009 . 2011BCons.144.1753S .
- Panthera pardus . Stein, A.B. . Athreya, V. . Gerngross, P. . Balme, G. . Henschel, P. . Karanth, U. . Miquelle, D. . Rostro-Garcia, S. . Kamler, J. F. . Laguardia, A. . Khorozyan, I. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2019 . e.T15954A160698029.
- Panthera uncia . amp . McCarthy, T. . Mallon, D. . Jackson, R. . Zahler, P. . McCarthy, K. . 2017 . e.T22732A50664030.
- Pardofelis marmorata . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Datta, A. . Hearn, A. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Singh, P. . Wilting, A. . e.T16218A97164299 . 2016.
- Prionailurus bengalensis . amp . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Hearn, A. . Izawa, M. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Mukherjee, S. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Wilting, A. . e.T18146A50661611 . 2015.
- Prionailurus rubiginosus . Mukherjee . S. . Duckworth . J. W. . Silva . A. . Appel . A. . Kittle . A. . amp . 2016 . e.T18149A50662471.
- Prionailurus viverrinus . Mukherjee, S. . Appel, A. . Duckworth, J. W. . Sanderson, J. . Dahal, S. . Willcox, D. H. A. . Herranz Muñoz, V. . Malla, G. . Ratnayaka, A. . Kantimahanti, M. . Thudugala, A. . Thaung, R. . Rahman, H. . 2016 . e.T18150A50662615.
- Viverra zibetha . Timmins, R.J. . Duckworth, J.W. . Chutipong, W. . Ghimirey, Y. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Long, B. . Choudhury, A. . amp . e.T41709A45220429 . 2016.
- Viverricula indica . Choudhury, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Ghimirey, Y. . Mudappa, D. . amp . e.T41710A45220632 . 2015.
- Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Mudappa, D. . Rahman, H. . Widmann, P. . Wilting, A. . Xu, W. . amp . e.T41693A45217835 . 2016.
- Arctogalidia trivirgata . Willcox, D.H.A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Choudhury, A. . Roberton, S. . Long, B. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41691A45217378 . 2016.
- Prionodon pardicolor . Duckworth, J.W. . Lau, M. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Timmins, R.J. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chan, B. . Long, B. . Roberton, S. . amp . e.T41706A45219917 . 2016.
- Melursus ursinus . amp . Dharaiya, N. . Bargali, H. S. . Sharp, T. . 2020 . e.T13143A166519315.
- Arctonyx collaris . amp . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Gray, T.N.E. . Long, B. . Helgen, K . Rahman, H.. Choudhury, A. . Willcox, D.H.A. . e.T70205537A45209459 . 2016.
- Arctonyx albogularis . amp . Helgen, K. . Chan, B. . 2016 . e.T70206273A70206436.
- Mustela altaica . Abramov, A. . 2016 . e.T41653A45213647.
- Mustela eversmanii . Maran, T. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov A. V. . Kranz, A. . amp . e.T29679A45203762 . 2016 . 30 October 2018.
- Herpestes auropunctatus . Jennings, A. . Veron, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T70204120A70204139.
- Herpestes edwardsii . amp . 2016 . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . e.T41611A45206787.
- Herpestes vitticollis . amp . Muddapa, D. . Choudhury, A. . Punjabi, G. A. . 2016 . e.T41619A45208503.
- Herpestes urva . amp . Choudhury, A. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J. W. . Mudappa, D. . Willcox, D. H. A. . 2015 . e.T41618A86159618.
- Herpestes smithii . amp . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . 2016 . e.T41617A45208195.
- Herpestes fuscus . Mudappa, D. . Jathanna, D. . amp . 2015 . e.T41612A45207051.
- Porcula salvania . amp . Meijaard, E. . Narayan, G. . Deka, P. . 2019 . e.T21172A44139115 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21172A44139115.en . 16 January 2022.
- Groves, C. & Meijaard, E. (2005). "Intraspecific variation in Moschiola, the Indian Chevrotain". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 12: 413-421. Archived from the original 27 July 2008.
- Moschus chrysogaster . Harris, R. . e.T13895A61977139 . 2016.
- Moschus fuscus . amp . Wang, Y. . Harris, R.B. . 2015 . e.T13896A61977357.
- Cervus hanglu . amp . Brook, S.M. . Donnithorne-Tait, D. . Lorenzini, R. . Lovari, S. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Ahmad, K. . Thakur, M. . 2017 . e.T4261A120733024.
- Cervus hanglu ssp. hanglu . amp . Brook, S.M. . Thakur, M. . Ranjitsinh, M.K. . Donnithorne-Tait, D. . Ahmad, K. . 2017 . e.T113259123A113281791.
- Datta, A.; Pansa, J.; Madhusudan, M. D. & Mishra, C. (2003). "Discovery of the leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in Arunachal Pradesh: an addition to the large mammals of India". Current Science. 84: 454-458.
- Rucervus eldii . Gray, T.N.E. . Brook, S.M. . McShea, W.J. . Mahood, S. . Ranjitsingh, M.K. . Miyunt, A. . Hussain, S.A. . Timmins, R.J. . amp . 2015 . e.T4265A22166803.
- Antilope cervicapra . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . e.T1681A50181949.
- Bos gaurus . Duckworth, J. W. . Sankar, K. . Williams, A. C. . Samba Kumar, N. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T2891A46363646 . 2016.
- Bos javanicus . amp . Gardner, P. . Hedges, S. . Pudyatmoko, S. . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . 2016 . e.T2888A46362970.
- Bos mutus . Buzzard, P. . Berger, J. . amp . e.T2892A101293528 . 2016.
- Book: India's Wildlife History: An Introduction. Rangarajan. Mahesh. Orient Blackswan. 2005. 81-7824-140-4. 1–135.
- Bubalus arnee . Kaul, R. . Williams, A.C. . rithe, k. . Steinmetz, R. . Mishra, R. . amp . 2019 . e.T3129A46364616.
- Budorcas taxicolor . Song, Y-L. . Smith, A.T. . MacKinnon, J. . amp . 2008 . e.T3160A9643719.
- Capra falconeri . Michel, S. . Rosen Michel, T. . amp . e.T3787A97218336 . 2015.
- Reading, R.. Michel, S. . Suryawanshi, K. . Bhatnagar, Y.V.. Capra sibirica . 2020. e.T42398A22148720 . 10 July 2020.
- Capricornis sumatraensis . Phan, T.D. . Nijhawan, S. . Li, S. . Xiao, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T162916735A162916910.
- Gazella bennettii . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . e.T8978A50187762 . 2017.
- Nemorhaedus baileyi . Nijhawan, S. . 2020 . e.T14294A22150753.
- Naemorhedus caudatus . amp . Bragina, E. . Kim, S. . Zaumyslova, O. . Park, Y.-S. . Lee, W. . 2020 . e.T14295A22150540.
- Naemorhedus goral . Duckworth, J.W. . MacKinnon, J. . amp . e.T14296A4430073 . 2008.
- 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.002 . Ropiquet A, Hassanin A . 2005 . Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 36 . 1. 154–168 . 15904863. 2005MolPE..36..154R .
- Ovis ammon . amp . Reading, R. . Michel, S. . Amgalanbaatar, S. . e.T15733A22146397 . 2020.
- Ovis vignei . Michel, S. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2020 . e.T54940655A54940728.
- Pseudois nayaur . Harris, R.B. . 2014 . e.T61513537A64313015.
- Tetracerus quadricornis . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2017 . e.T21661A50195368.
- Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 7: 26–34, plates.
- Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 8: 26–34, plates.
- Lepus nigricollis . Nameer, P.O. . Smith, A.T. . amp . e.T41282A45188041 . 2019.
- Lepus oiostolus . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . amp . e.T41283A45188432 . 2019.
- Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . 2019 . Lepus tibetanus . 2019 . e.T41307A45193298 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41307A45193298.en . 12 November 2021.