List of mammals of India explained

This list of mammals of India comprises all the mammal species alive in India today. Some of them are common to the point of being considered vermin while others are exceedingly rare. Many species are known from just a few zoological specimens in museums collected in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of the carnivores and larger mammals are restricted in their distribution to forests in protected areas, while others live within cities in the close proximity of humans. They range in size from the Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They include nocturnal small mammals endemic to India such as the Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina). While the status of many of these species is unknown, some are definitely extinct. Populations of many carnivores are threatened. The tiger (Panthera tigris), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) are some of the most endangered carnivore species. Two rhinoceros species are extinct within the Indian region, but the remaining species, the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) has its last stronghold within India.

Order: Insectivora

Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs

Family Soricidae: shrews

Soricinae

Crocidurinae

Order: Scandentia

Family Tupaiidae: treeshrews

Tupaiinae

Order: Chiroptera: bats

Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats

Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats

Family Emballonuridae: sheath-tailed bats

Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats

Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats

Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats

Family Vespertilionidae: evening bats

Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats

Order: Primates

Family Lorisidae: lorises

Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys

Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)

Earlier classified as a single species, the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) has been reclassified as follows:[6]

Order: Carnivora: Carnivorans

Family Canidae: canines/dogs

Family Felidae: cats

Family Viverridae: civets and palm civets

Family Prionodontidae: Asiatic linsangs

Family Ursidae: bears

Family Ailuropodidae: pandas

Family Mustelidae: mustelids

Family Herpestidae: mongooses

Family Hyaenidae: hyenas

Order: Cetacea: whales, dolphins, and porpoises

Family Delphinidae

Family Platanistidae: river dolphins

Family Balaenopteridae

Family Balaenidae

Family Ziphiidae

Family Phocoenidae

Family Kogiidae

Family Physeteridae

Order: Sirenia

Family Dugongidae

Order: Proboscidea

Family Elephantidae: elephants

Order: Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates

Family Equidae: horses

Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinoceroses

Order: Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates

Family Suidae: pigs

Family Tragulidae: chevrotains

Family Moschidae

Family Cervidae: deer

Family Bovidae: bovids

Order: Pholidota: pangolins

Family Manidae: pangolins

Order: Rodentia

Family Sciuridae: squirrels

Family Muridae: Old World rats, mice

Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines

Order: Lagomorpha: hares, rabbits, pikas

Family Leporidae: hares and rabbits

Family Ochotonidae: pikas

See also

Other references

External links

Notes and References

  1. Cynopterus brachyotis . Csorba . G. . Bumrungsri . S. . Bates . P. . Gumal . M. . Kingston . T. . Molur . S. . Srinivasulu . C. . 2019 . e.T6103A22113381.
  2. Molur, S. . Srinivasulu, C. . Bates, P. . Francis, C. . 2008 . Pteropus giganteus . 2008 . e.T18725A8511108 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18725A8511108.en . 1 July 2024.
  3. Khajuria, H. (1977). "Extension of distributional ranges of some rare South Indian Bats". Cheetal. 19 (2&3): 16-20.
  4. Macaca arctoides . Chetry, D. . Long, Y. . Htun, S. . Timmins, R.J. . Boonratana, R. . amp . Das, J. . e.T12548A17949098 . 2020.
  5. Sinha, A.; Datta, A.; Madhusudan, M. D.; & Mishra, C. (2005). "The Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (4): 977-989.
  6. Mootnick . A. . Groves . C. P. . 2005 . A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae) . International Journal of Primatology . 4 . 971–976 . 10.1007/s10764-005-5332-4 . 26. 8394136 .
  7. Hoolock hoolock . amp . Brockelman, W. . Molur, S. . Geissmann, T. . 2019 . e.T39876A17968083.
  8. Canis aureus . Hoffmann, M. . Arnold, J. . Duckworth, J. W. . Jhala, Y. . Kamler, J. F. . Krofel, M. . amp . 2018 . e.T118264161A46194820.
  9. Cuon alpinus . Kamler, J. F. . Songsasen, N. . Jenks, K. . Srivathsa, A. . Sheng, L. . Kunkel, K. . amp . e.T5953A72477893 . 2015.
  10. Vulpes vulpes . Hoffmann, M. . Sillero-Zubiri, C. . amp . 2016 . e.T23062A46190249.
  11. Vulpes bengalensis . amp . Jhala, Y.V. . 2016 . e.T23049A81069636.
  12. Vulpes ferrilata . Harris, R. . 2014 . e.T23061A46179412.
  13. Catopuma temminckii . McCarthy, J. . Dahal, S. . Dhendup, T. . Gray, T.N.E. . Mukherjee, S. . Rahman, H. . Riordan, P. . Boontua, N. . Wilcox, D. . amp . e.T4038A97165437 . 2015.
  14. Caracal caracal . Avgan, B. . Henschel, P. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2016 . e.T3847A102424310.
  15. Web site: The Washington Times . Cheetahs make a comeback in India after 70 years . The Washington Times . 10 November 2022.
  16. Durant, S. . Mitchell, N. . Ipavec, A. . Groom, R. . amp . Acinonyx jubatus . 2015 . e.T219A50649567.
  17. Felis chaus . 2016 . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . Jathana, D. . Duckworth, J.W. . Baral, H. . Mukherjee, S. . amp . e.T8540A50651463.
  18. Felis lybica . amp . Ghoddousi, A. . Belbachir, F. . Durant, S.M. . Herbst, M. . Rosen, T. . 2022 . e.T131299383A154907281 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
  19. Lynx lynx . Breitenmoser, U. . Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. . Lanz, T. . von Arx, M. . Antonevich, A. . Bao, W. . Avgan, B. . amp . e.T12519A121707666 . 2015.
  20. Neofelis nebulosa . Gray, T. . Borah, J. . Coudrat, C.N.Z. . Ghimirey, Y. . Giordano, A. . Greenspan, E. . Petersen, W. . Rostro-García, S. . Shariff, M. . Wai-Ming, W. . amp . 2021 . e.T14519A198843258.
  21. Otocolobus manul . Ross, S. . amp . Barashkova, A. . Dhendup, T. . Munkhtsog, B. . Smelansky, I. . Barclay, D. . Moqanaki, E. . 2020 . e.T15640A162537635.
  22. Jhala, Y. V. . Qureshi, Q. . Nayak, A. K. . amp . 2019 . Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2018. Summary Report. TR No./2019/05 . National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India . New Delhi, Dehradun .
  23. Singh, H. S. . Gibson, L. . amp . A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest . 2011 . Biological Conservation . 144 . 5 . 1753–1757 . 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009 . 2011BCons.144.1753S .
  24. Panthera pardus . Stein, A.B. . Athreya, V. . Gerngross, P. . Balme, G. . Henschel, P. . Karanth, U. . Miquelle, D. . Rostro-Garcia, S. . Kamler, J. F. . Laguardia, A. . Khorozyan, I. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2019 . e.T15954A160698029.
  25. Panthera uncia . amp . McCarthy, T. . Mallon, D. . Jackson, R. . Zahler, P. . McCarthy, K. . 2017 . e.T22732A50664030.
  26. Pardofelis marmorata . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Datta, A. . Hearn, A. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Singh, P. . Wilting, A. . e.T16218A97164299 . 2016.
  27. Prionailurus bengalensis . amp . Ross, J. . Brodie, J. . Cheyne, S. . Hearn, A. . Izawa, M. . Loken, B. . Lynam, A. . McCarthy, J. . Mukherjee, S. . Phan, C. . Rasphone, A. . Wilting, A. . e.T18146A50661611 . 2015.
  28. Prionailurus rubiginosus . Mukherjee . S. . Duckworth . J. W. . Silva . A. . Appel . A. . Kittle . A. . amp . 2016 . e.T18149A50662471.
  29. Prionailurus viverrinus . Mukherjee, S. . Appel, A. . Duckworth, J. W. . Sanderson, J. . Dahal, S. . Willcox, D. H. A. . Herranz Muñoz, V. . Malla, G. . Ratnayaka, A. . Kantimahanti, M. . Thudugala, A. . Thaung, R. . Rahman, H. . 2016 . e.T18150A50662615.
  30. Viverra zibetha . Timmins, R.J. . Duckworth, J.W. . Chutipong, W. . Ghimirey, Y. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Long, B. . Choudhury, A. . amp . e.T41709A45220429 . 2016.
  31. Viverricula indica . Choudhury, A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Rahman, H. . Ghimirey, Y. . Mudappa, D. . amp . e.T41710A45220632 . 2015.
  32. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Mudappa, D. . Rahman, H. . Widmann, P. . Wilting, A. . Xu, W. . amp . e.T41693A45217835 . 2016.
  33. Arctogalidia trivirgata . Willcox, D.H.A. . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Choudhury, A. . Roberton, S. . Long, B. . Hearn, A. . Ross, J. . amp . e.T41691A45217378 . 2016.
  34. Prionodon pardicolor . Duckworth, J.W. . Lau, M. . Choudhury, A. . Chutipong, W. . Timmins, R.J. . Willcox, D.H.A. . Chan, B. . Long, B. . Roberton, S. . amp . e.T41706A45219917 . 2016.
  35. Melursus ursinus . amp . Dharaiya, N. . Bargali, H. S. . Sharp, T. . 2020 . e.T13143A166519315.
  36. Arctonyx collaris . amp . Duckworth, J.W. . Timmins, R.J. . Chutipong, W. . Gray, T.N.E. . Long, B. . Helgen, K . Rahman, H.. Choudhury, A. . Willcox, D.H.A. . e.T70205537A45209459 . 2016.
  37. Arctonyx albogularis . amp . Helgen, K. . Chan, B. . 2016 . e.T70206273A70206436.
  38. Mustela altaica . Abramov, A. . 2016 . e.T41653A45213647.
  39. Mustela eversmanii . Maran, T. . Skumatov, D. . Abramov A. V. . Kranz, A. . amp . e.T29679A45203762 . 2016 . 30 October 2018.
  40. Herpestes auropunctatus . Jennings, A. . Veron, G. . amp . 2016 . e.T70204120A70204139.
  41. Herpestes edwardsii . amp . 2016 . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . e.T41611A45206787.
  42. Herpestes vitticollis . amp . Muddapa, D. . Choudhury, A. . Punjabi, G. A. . 2016 . e.T41619A45208503.
  43. Herpestes urva . amp . Choudhury, A. . Timmins, R. . Chutipong, W. . Duckworth, J. W. . Mudappa, D. . Willcox, D. H. A. . 2015 . e.T41618A86159618.
  44. Herpestes smithii . amp . Mudappa, D. . Choudhury, A. . 2016 . e.T41617A45208195.
  45. Herpestes fuscus . Mudappa, D. . Jathanna, D. . amp . 2015 . e.T41612A45207051.
  46. Porcula salvania . amp . Meijaard, E. . Narayan, G. . Deka, P. . 2019 . e.T21172A44139115 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21172A44139115.en . 16 January 2022.
  47. Groves, C. & Meijaard, E. (2005). "Intraspecific variation in Moschiola, the Indian Chevrotain". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 12: 413-421. Archived from the original 27 July 2008.
  48. Moschus chrysogaster . Harris, R. . e.T13895A61977139 . 2016.
  49. Moschus fuscus . amp . Wang, Y. . Harris, R.B. . 2015 . e.T13896A61977357.
  50. Cervus hanglu . amp . Brook, S.M. . Donnithorne-Tait, D. . Lorenzini, R. . Lovari, S. . Masseti, M. . Pereladova, O. . Ahmad, K. . Thakur, M. . 2017 . e.T4261A120733024.
  51. Cervus hanglu ssp. hanglu . amp . Brook, S.M. . Thakur, M. . Ranjitsinh, M.K. . Donnithorne-Tait, D. . Ahmad, K. . 2017 . e.T113259123A113281791.
  52. Datta, A.; Pansa, J.; Madhusudan, M. D. & Mishra, C. (2003). "Discovery of the leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in Arunachal Pradesh: an addition to the large mammals of India". Current Science. 84: 454-458.
  53. Rucervus eldii . Gray, T.N.E. . Brook, S.M. . McShea, W.J. . Mahood, S. . Ranjitsingh, M.K. . Miyunt, A. . Hussain, S.A. . Timmins, R.J. . amp . 2015 . e.T4265A22166803.
  54. Antilope cervicapra . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2016 . e.T1681A50181949.
  55. Bos gaurus . Duckworth, J. W. . Sankar, K. . Williams, A. C. . Samba Kumar, N. . Timmins, R. J. . amp . e.T2891A46363646 . 2016.
  56. Bos javanicus . amp . Gardner, P. . Hedges, S. . Pudyatmoko, S. . Gray, T.N.E. . Timmins, R.J. . 2016 . e.T2888A46362970.
  57. Bos mutus . Buzzard, P. . Berger, J. . amp . e.T2892A101293528 . 2016.
  58. Book: India's Wildlife History: An Introduction. Rangarajan. Mahesh. Orient Blackswan. 2005. 81-7824-140-4. 1–135.
  59. Bubalus arnee . Kaul, R. . Williams, A.C. . rithe, k. . Steinmetz, R. . Mishra, R. . amp . 2019 . e.T3129A46364616.
  60. Budorcas taxicolor . Song, Y-L. . Smith, A.T. . MacKinnon, J. . amp . 2008 . e.T3160A9643719.
  61. Capra falconeri . Michel, S. . Rosen Michel, T. . amp . e.T3787A97218336 . 2015.
  62. Reading, R.. Michel, S. . Suryawanshi, K. . Bhatnagar, Y.V.. Capra sibirica . 2020. e.T42398A22148720 . 10 July 2020.
  63. Capricornis sumatraensis . Phan, T.D. . Nijhawan, S. . Li, S. . Xiao, L. . amp . 2020 . e.T162916735A162916910.
  64. Gazella bennettii . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . e.T8978A50187762 . 2017.
  65. Nemorhaedus baileyi . Nijhawan, S. . 2020 . e.T14294A22150753.
  66. Naemorhedus caudatus . amp . Bragina, E. . Kim, S. . Zaumyslova, O. . Park, Y.-S. . Lee, W. . 2020 . e.T14295A22150540.
  67. Naemorhedus goral . Duckworth, J.W. . MacKinnon, J. . amp . e.T14296A4430073 . 2008.
  68. 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.002 . Ropiquet A, Hassanin A . 2005 . Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 36 . 1. 154–168 . 15904863. 2005MolPE..36..154R .
  69. Ovis ammon . amp . Reading, R. . Michel, S. . Amgalanbaatar, S. . e.T15733A22146397 . 2020.
  70. Ovis vignei . Michel, S. . Ghoddousi, A. . amp . 2020 . e.T54940655A54940728.
  71. Pseudois nayaur . Harris, R.B. . 2014 . e.T61513537A64313015.
  72. Tetracerus quadricornis . IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group . 2017 . e.T21661A50195368.
  73. Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 7: 26–34, plates.
  74. Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 8: 26–34, plates.
  75. Lepus nigricollis . Nameer, P.O. . Smith, A.T. . amp . e.T41282A45188041 . 2019.
  76. Lepus oiostolus . Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . amp . e.T41283A45188432 . 2019.
  77. Smith, A.T. . Johnston, C.H. . 2019 . Lepus tibetanus . 2019 . e.T41307A45193298 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41307A45193298.en . 12 November 2021.

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