Maltoside Explained
A maltoside is a glycoside with maltose as the glycone (sugar) functional group. Among the most common are alkyl maltosides, which contain hydrophobic alkyl chains as the aglycone. Given their amphiphilic properties, these comprise a class of detergents, where variation in the alkyl chain confers a range of detergent properties including CMC and solubility. Maltosides are most often used for the solubilization and purification of membrane proteins.
History
In 1980 Ferguson-Miller et al. at Michigan State developed n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) as part of a successful effort to purify an active, stable, monodisperse form of cytochrome c oxidase.[1] Maltosides have been used extensively to stabilize membrane proteins for biophysical and structural studies.
Table of detergent properties
| Maltoside | abbr. | CMC (mM) | MW (g/mol) | Micelle (kDa) |
|---|
| n-Decyl-β-D-maltopyranoside | DM | 1.8 [2] (H2O) | 482.6 | ~33 (69 molecules) [3] |
| n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside | DDM | 0.17 [4] | 510.6 | ~72 (~78-149 molecules) [5] |
| 6-Cyclohexyl-1-hexyl-β-D-maltopyranoside | Cymal-6 | 0.56 | 508.5 | 46.3 | |
Notes and References
- Rosevear. P. VanAken, T . Baxter, J . Ferguson-Miller, S . Alkyl glycoside detergents: a simpler synthesis and their effects on kinetic and physical properties of cytochrome c oxidase.. Biochemistry. Aug 19, 1980. 19. 17. 4108–15. 6250583. 10.1021/bi00558a032.
- Alpes, H., Apell, H.-J., Knoll, G., Plattner, H. and Riek, R. . 1998 . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 946 . 379–388 . 2850005 . Reconstitution of Na+/K+-ATPase into phosphatidylcholine vesicles by dialysis of nonionic alkyl maltoside detergents . 2 . 10.1016/0005-2736(88)90413-0 .
- https://www.anatrace.com/Products/Detergents/MALTOSIDES/D322LA.aspx
- Book: VanAken, T., Foxall-VanAken, S., Castleman, S. and Ferguson-Miller, S. . Alkyl glycoside detergents: Synthesis and applications to the study of membrane proteins . Biomembranes Part M . 1986 . 125 . 27–35 . 10.1016/S0076-6879(86)25005-3 . 3012259 . Methods in Enzymology . 9780121820251.
- Strop, P. and Brunger, A T. . 2005 . Protein Sci. . 14 . 8 . 2207–2211 . 16046633 . Refractive index-based determination of detergent concentration and its application to the study of membrane proteins . 10.1110/ps.051543805 . 2279333 .
