THQ explained

THQ Inc.
Type:Public
Industry:Video games
Fate:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
Founded:[1] [2] in Calabasas, California, US
Founder:Jack Friedman
Hq Location City:Agoura Hills, California
Hq Location Country:US
Area Served:Worldwide

THQ Inc. was an American video game company based in Agoura Hills, California. It was founded in April 1990 by Jack Friedman, originally in Calabasas, and became a public company the following year through a reverse merger takeover. Initially working in the toy business, it expanded into the video game business through several acquisitions before shifting its focus away from toys entirely. THQ continued its trend of acquiring companies throughout the 2000s.

The company published both internally created and externally licensed content in its product portfolio. THQ's internally created game series included Darksiders, De Blob, Destroy All Humans!, MX vs. ATV, Red Faction, and Saints Row, among others. The company also held exclusive, long-term licensing agreements with sports and entertainment content creators, such as Disney, DreamWorks Animation, Nickelodeon, and WWE.

After years of financial struggles, stock value drop, and debt, THQ filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2012 and commenced liquidation of its assets the following month. Several properties were auctioned to other companies, while the remaining staff were laid off. The "THQ" trademark was eventually acquired by developer Nordic Games (which had also acquired some of THQ's auctioned-off properties) in 2014 and assumed the name "THQ Nordic" in 2016, while continuing a variety of their franchises under said name.

History

Background and foundation (1990–1999)

THQ Inc. was founded by LJN co-founder Jack Friedman in April 1990. "THQ" is an initialism for "Toy Headquarters". THQ acquired New Ventures, a division of Broderbund, in September 1990.[3] In 1991, Trinity Acquisition Corp agreed to acquire and merge with THQ in a reverse merger takeover. The deal was a stock swap valued at about $33 million, with THQ's shareholders owning 51.7% of the new entity.[4] THQ's name was retained for the new company and Friedman was named as its president. THQ then acquired video game developer Black Pearl Software of Chicago in 1993.[5] Following the acquisition, THQ would use the Black Pearl Software name for their Sega games, while the Malibu Games name would be used for the Nintendo games.

THQ withdrew completely from the toy business in 1994 to focus solely on video game production.[6] Around the same time, the company entered into a deal with Electronic Arts to license five titles for various consoles.[7] Jack Friedman then left the company in 1995 to co-found the toy manufacturer Jakks Pacific.[8]

At the Winter CES 1995, THQ signed an expanded deal with Electronic Arts to develop games for their 16-bit and 8-bit home consoles and handheld titles.[9] From then on, the Black Pearl Software name would be used for 8-bit and 16-bit games, while THQ introduced the Kokopeli Digital Studios brand name for their 32-bit games.[10]

In 1997, THQ was reincorporated as a Delaware Corporation, and in 1999 acquired San Jose video game developer Pacific Coast Power & Light.[11]

In June 1998, the company entered into a ten-year 50/50 joint venture with Jakks Pacific (entitled THQ/Jakks Pacific LLC) to acquire the WWF (later WWE) video game license, previously held by Acclaim Entertainment[12] . The deal, which would begin in October 1999, would correspond with two titles per year that THQ would handle product development and sales for.[13]

In 1999, it signed a deal to publish Power Rangers video games.[14] Also that year, it signed a licensing agreement with British game developer Codemasters to bring their titles to their handheld market.[15]

Company growth and acquisitions (2000–2009)

In February 2000, THQ faced a class action lawsuit over a violation of federal security laws due to nondisclosure of material information.[16] In September of the same year, the company expanded its internal product development capabilities with the acquisition of Volition located in Champaign, Illinois. Since then, THQ's internal studio system grew to eleven studios across the globe with distinct capabilities across all viable gaming platforms. Some of these studios, such as Relic Entertainment, Vigil Games, Blue Tongue Entertainment, Juice Games, Kaos Studios and Volition, worked on games for next generation consoles as well as PCs. THQ went on to acquire Vigil Games in 2006.[17]

In 2000, it signed a deal with Fox Interactive to bring five of the titles to the Game Boy Color market, such as the Croc franchise.[18] In 2001, THQ obtained an extended agreement with Nickelodeon to produce video games based on their franchises, as well as computer game rights to Rugrats, SpongeBob SquarePants and Rocket Power and console and computer rights to other Nickelodeon shows like and The Wild Thornberrys.[19] [20] The agreement also covered games based on original intellectual properties, such as Tak and the Power of Juju, with the potential that THQ would release a game first, followed by an animated cartoon on Nickelodeon.[21] In 2004, THQ signed an agreement with MGA Entertainment to publish video games based on the Bratz fashion doll line.[22]

On May 10, 2007, THQ reported its highest annual sales figures and net profits ever for the fiscal year which ended on March 31. THQ's revenues reached over $1 billion. In March 2008, THQ announced the development of the world's first ever cheerleading game using the Wii Balance Board.[23] [24] Not long after, on November 3, 2008, the company closed five of its internal studios: Paradigm Entertainment, Mass Media Inc., Helixe, Locomotive Games, and Sandblast Games.[25] [26] In 2009, huge declines in sales prompted THQ to form a strategic plan to cut $220 million in annual costs by 2010 and invest in "fewer, better bets." Previously in 2007, THQ had a $68-million profit and $1 billion in revenue, which put it within range of their rival Activision. Many of its big-budget games sold poorly, despite having favorable reviews, as the recession hit. Its hold on kids' games based on Nickelodeon TV shows and Pixar movies slipped as kids turned to free online games playable on the Internet. With shares down 86% from the previous year and a market value of only $173 million, THQ had the possibility of being acquired by other companies.[27] In March 2009, THQ spun off Heavy Iron Studios and Incinerator Studios as independent companies, and announced it was looking to sell Big Huge Games. Two months later in May 2009, THQ agreed to sell Big Huge Games to 38 Studios. In August 2009, THQ acquired Midway Studios San Diego for $200,000. The sale of the studio included all assets, except for the TNA Impact! video game.[28] In December 2009, following many lawsuits between the three companies, THQ signed a standalone eight-year deal with the WWE, replacing the THQ/Jakks Pacific joint-venture deal.[29]

Reorganization, financial struggles (2010–2012)

In February 2010, THQ announced that Juice Games and Rainbow Studios would be part of a reshuffle, and would now bear the title THQ Digital Warrington and THQ Digital Phoenix, respectively. The merger reportedly led to 60 job losses between THQ's US Rainbow studio and the UK Juice Game's studio.[30]

In August 2010, THQ unveiled the uDraw GameTablet, a $70 accessory for Nintendo's Wii console that let gamers draw and play on their television screens. The white, 9-by-7-inch peripheral houses a Wii Remote on the left, with a doodle pad and tethered stylus on the right. THQ said more software for the uDraw would launch every couple of months.[31]

In January 2011, THQ sold off its THQ Wireless division to a Swedish mobile company called 24MAS.[32] On January 12, 2011, THQ unveiled its new logo.[33] In March 2011, THQ, after its game Homefront was released, suffered a 26% stock drop. The large drop was speculated to be a result of Homefront's poor reception.[34] On June 13, 2011, THQ announced the closure of Kaos Studios (the developer of Homefront)[35] and THQ Digital Warrington (formerly Juice Games).[36]

On July 27, 2011, THQ announced it was dropping the long-running Red Faction franchise. This was believed to be due to the poor reception over the latest game in the franchise, .[37] In the same year on August 9, 2011, THQ announced it would shift its development focus away from licensed kids and movie-based titles by closing down THQ Studio Australia and Blue Tongue in order to focus on "high-quality owned IP." The company also closed down THQ Digital Phoenix (formerly Rainbow Studios), thus dropping the MX vs. ATV franchise.[38] [39] [40]

In November 2011, a uDraw for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 was released.[41] However, it was a commercial failure,[42] and is considered one of the main causes of the financial woes that broke up the company.[43] [44]

In January 2012, THQ announced that it was exiting the licensed kids game business to focus on adult core gaming, but would continue to sell previously released titles.[45] In February 2012, THQ also discontinued the uDraw GameTablet for the same reason.[46]

In May 2012, THQ reported a net loss of $239.9 million for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2012. The loss was $100 million more than the previous fiscal year's loss of $136.1 million.[47] That same month, Jason Rubin was appointed president of the company.[48]

THQ filed a notice with the SEC on May 25 for a June 29 stockholder's meeting, where THQ asked stockholders to approve a reverse split of the company's common stock.[49] On June 4, 2012, THQ announced a deal to turn over their license for UFC games to Electronic Arts.[50] In July 2012, THQ reported that its stockholders had approved the 1-for-10 reverse share split of its common stock to avert a delisting from the NASDAQ.[51]

Bankruptcy and liquidation, THQ Nordic (2012–2013)

On November 13, 2012, THQ reported that they could not repay a $50 million loan from Wells Fargo, and were on the verge of Chapter 11 bankruptcy. With its stock price plummeting from early November values bordering on $3 down to $1.16 and with long-term liabilities of $250 million, THQ was forced to delay the release dates of its flagship titles Company of Heroes 2 and to March 2013.[52] On November 29, 2012, THQ partnered with Humble Bundle to launch the Humble THQ Bundle in an effort to raise more money.[53] By December 12, 2012, THQ sold nearly 800,000 bundles, raising around $5 million;[54] THQ President Jason Rubin also made a purchase, spending $11,050 on the bundle.[55] On December 19, 2012, just days after the Humble THQ bundle ended, THQ filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy with the intention of selling THQ and all of its assets to Clearlake Capital with Centerview Partners handling the sale.[56] [57] Skip Paul, a former colleague of Jason Rubin, helped orchestrate the proposed stalking horse bid from Clearlake Capital Group.[58]

However, the bid was ultimately denied by Judge Mary F. Walrath and creditors instead approved an individual auction of THQ's properties, which went ahead on January 22, 2013, one day prior to closure.[59] [60] At the auction, the Homefront franchise was acquired by Crytek (and was later acquired by Koch Media),[61] Relic Entertainment and the video game rights to the Warhammer 40,000 series were sold to Sega, and the publishing rights to Turtle Rock Studios' Evolve and the WWE series were acquired by Take-Two Interactive. Ubisoft acquired THQ Montreal and the publishing rights to while Volition and the publishing rights to the Metro franchise were acquired by Koch Media. Vigil Games and THQ's publishing unit were still included in the Chapter 11 case, although all employees related to these entities were laid off.[62] [63] [64] In a posting on Twitter on January 23, PlatinumGames' producer Atsushi Inaba expressed interest in acquiring the Darksiders franchise from THQ.[65]

On February 26, THQ announced that it would sell off its remaining properties – the Darksiders, Homeworld, Red Faction, and Destroy All Humans! franchises, as well as its licensed and original properties – in a court-approved auction which would be held from April 1 to 15, with the process completed by May.[66] Around the same time, THQ shut down the servers to the 2012 remake of Nexuiz, which was developed by IllFonic.[67] In June 2013, Interplay Entertainment acquired the rights to the Freespace franchise from THQ.[68]

All of THQ's remaining franchises, including the remainder of its original IPs (aside from Homeworld, which was acquired by Gearbox Software, and Drawn to Life, acquired by 505 Games) and licensed software, were auctioned to Nordic Games for $4.9 million in April 2013.[69] The Nickelodeon game license was acquired by Activision.[70] This would later expire, with Nickelodeon licensing out their franchises through various smaller publishers, including Nordic.[71]

Creditors initially said the proposed sale of THQ in the bankruptcy court benefited current THQ management, including Rubin.[72] Presiding Judge Walwrath called these criticisms a "conspiracy theory" on record.[73] Creditors ultimately released THQ management, including Rubin, of any malfeasance in the company's official plan of liquidation.[74]

The liquidation of THQ also affected other studios; British developer Blitz Games Studios shut down in September 2013, citing financial difficulties. The company's CEO Philip Oliver said that the demise of THQ, who was a major client for the studio, was one of the major contributing factors to the closure.[75]

On June 12, 2014, Nordic Games announced that it had acquired the THQ trademark, allowing the studio to publish games under the THQ name.[76] In August 2016, the company was renamed THQ Nordic in an effort to better associate itself with the historic brand.[77]

Subsidiaries

Development

NameLocationAcquired/establishedDivestedFate
Black Pearl SoftwareChicago[78] Intent to dissolve stated in September 1997;[79] in dissolution by November 2000[80]
Heliotrope StudiosGuilford, Connecticut[81] [82] [83] Dissolved due to THQ's acquisition of GameFX
GameFXArlington, Massachusetts[84] [85] In dissolution by November 2002[86]
Locomotive GamesSanta Clara, California[87] [88] [89] [90] Renamed from Pacific Coast Power & Light in April 2005; closed by THQ
Heavy Iron StudiosLos Angeles[91] [92] [93] Spun off into an independent company
Genetic AnomaliesLexington, Massachusetts
VolitionChampaign, Illinois[94] Sold to Deep Silver as part of THQ's bankruptcy proceedings
HelixeBurlington, Massachusetts[95] Closed by THQ
Cedar Ridge ConstructionGrass Valley, California[96] Merged into Pacific Coast Power & Light
THQ Digital Studios PhoenixPhoenix, Arizona[97] [98] Renamed from Rainbow Studios in February 2010;[99] closed by THQ
Sandblast GamesKirkland, Washington[100] Formerly named Cranky Pants Games; closed by THQ
Outrage GamesAnn Arbor, Michigan[101] Closed by THQ[102]
THQ Studio AustraliaBrisbane[103] Closed by THQ
Relic EntertainmentVancouver[104] Sold to Sega as part of THQ's bankruptcy proceedings
Concrete GamesSan Diego[105] [106] Closed by THQ
Blue Tongue EntertainmentMelbourne[107] Closed by THQ
Kaos StudiosNew York City[108] [109] [110] Closed by THQ
THQ Digital Studios WarringtonWarrington[111] Renamed from Juice Games in February 2010; closed by THQ
Vigil GamesAustin, Texas[112] [113] Closed as part of THQ's bankruptcy proceedings
Incinerator StudiosCarlsbad, California[114] Spun off into an independent company
Paradigm EntertainmentDallas[115] [116] Closed by THQ
Mass Media GamesMoorpark, California[117] Closed by THQ
Big Huge GamesTimonium, Maryland[118] [119] Sold to 38 Studios
UniversomoTampere[120] Closed by THQ
THQ San DiegoSan Diego[121] [122] Formerly known as Midway San Diego; closed by THQ
THQ MontrealMontreal[123] Sold to Ubisoft as part of THQ's bankruptcy proceedings

Publishing

NameLocationAcquired/establishedDivestedFate
THQ EntertainmentKaarstRenamed from Rushware in December 2000[124]
THQ Wireless[125] [126] Sold to 24MAS
ValuSoftWaconia, Minnesota[127] [128] Sold to Cosmi Corporation
XDG (External Development Group)[129]
Elephant EntertainmentMinneapolis[130]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: THQ's Video-Game Success Comes With Betting on Winners . . May 1, 2022 . December 24, 1991 . James F. . Peltz . July 16, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140716232252/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-12-24/business/fi-936_1_video-game-market . live.
  2. Web site: Investor Relations . THQ . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216150054/http://investor.thq.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96376&p=irol-IRHome . December 16, 2008 . dead.
  3. News: Carlsen . Clifford . Broderbund Software Inc. jettisons Nintendo, games. (THQ Inc. buys New Ventures division from Broderbund) . . November 10, 2012 . September 10, 1990 . January 27, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130127162001/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-8921768/broderbund-software-inc-jettisons.html . live.
  4. News: N.Y. Company to Acquire Game Firm in Stock Swap . . May 1, 2022 . May 21, 1991 . July 14, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165106/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-05-21/business/fi-2372_1_stock-swap . live.
  5. News: THQ Inc. to Acquire Black Pearl Software . . May 1, 2022. March 8, 1993 . December 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131206182518/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-06-08/business/fi-919_1_black-pearl-software . live.
  6. Web site: Investor Relations . THQ.Inc . November 9, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130827064528/http://investor.thq.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96376&p=irol-faq . August 27, 2013 . dead.
  7. June 1994 . ProNews . 186 . . September 20, 2023.
  8. News: Nelson . Valerie J. . Jack Friedman dies at 70; toy maker . . May 1, 2022. May 6, 2010 . March 15, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120315013236/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/06/local/la-me-jack-friedman-20100506 . live.
  9. News: 1995-01-04. Press release: 1995-01-04: T-HQ shows new lineup of portable video games and XBAND video game modem at 1995 Winter CES. The Free Library.
  10. Web site: Kokopeli Digital Studios. 2021-11-17. MobyGames. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117022812/https://www.mobygames.com/company/kokopeli-digital-studios. live.
  11. News: San Jose Game Developer Now Subsidiary of THQ . . May 1, 2022. June 1, 1999 . March 7, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140307235936/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/01/local/me-43070 . live.
  12. https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/04/08/life-after-attitude
  13. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-16-fi-60559-story.html
  14. Web site: 1999-07-08. THQ Grabs Old Power Rangers by the Cane. IGN. 2022-05-01. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117023013/https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/07/08/thq-grabs-old-power-rangers-by-the-cane. live.
  15. Web site: THQ TO DEVELOP TWO MICRO MACHINE TITLES FOR GAME BOY.. 2021-11-17. Free Online Library. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117023222/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/THQ+TO+DEVELOP+TWO+MICRO+MACHINE+TITLES+FOR+GAME+BOY-a054665488. live.
  16. Web site: Spector, Roseman and Kodroff, P.C. Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against THQ, INC. . February 20, 2000 . July 12, 2013 . February 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201162602/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Spector,+Roseman+and+Kodroff,+P.C.+Announces+Class+Action+Lawsuit...-a059580646 . live.
  17. Web site: THQ Announces Acquisition of Vigil Games . THQ . November 10, 2012 . March 16, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190902002938/http://investor.thq.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=96376&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=832692 . September 2, 2019 . dead.
  18. Web site: THQ and Fox Partner for the Game Boy. 2021-11-17. GameSpot. en-US. August 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150820193208/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/thq-and-fox-partner-for-the-game-boy/1100-2541880/. live.
  19. Web site: THQ and Nickelodeon expand partnership. 2021-11-17. GameSpot. en-US. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117000530/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/thq-and-nickelodeon-expand-partnership/1100-2683938/. live.
  20. Web site: Nick And THQ Announce New Videogame Development Deal. 2021-11-17. Animation World Network. en. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117000542/https://www.awn.com/news/nick-and-thq-announce-new-videogame-development-deal. live.
  21. News: Tran. Khanh T. L.. 2002-02-13. Video-Game Maker Turns Its Focus To Kids in Deal With Nickelodeon. The Wall Street Journal. 2021-11-17. 0099-9660. November 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211117000659/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB101355202461443920. live.
  22. Web site: THQ signs multi-platform publishing agreement with MGA Entertainment for Bratz. December 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231204031809/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/thq-signs-multi-platform-publishing-agreement-with-mga-entertainment-for-bratz . 2024-05-05. live. GamesIndustry.biz. en-US.
  23. Web site: Dring . Christopher . THQ announces cheerleading game | Games industry news. MCV . March 7, 2008 . May 1, 2022 . February 18, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090218094319/http://www.mcvuk.com/news/29845/THQ-announces-cheerleading-game . live.
  24. Web site: Dring . Christopher . THQ announces cheerleading game . . May 1, 2022 . March 7, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121022111905/http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/thq-announces-cheerleading-game . October 22, 2012 . dead.
  25. Web site: THQ Closes Five Studios . Faylor . Chris . November 3, 2008 . ShackNews . May 1, 2022 . December 6, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081206135536/http://www.shacknews.com/onearticle.x/55703 . live.
  26. Web site: Ransom-Wiley . James . THQ reveals 'Significant Business Realignment' . Engadget. May 1, 2022. November 5, 2008 . April 1, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090401194106/http://www.joystiq.com/2008/11/05/thq-reveals-significant-business-realignment/ . live.
  27. News: Pham . Alex . Video game maker THQ plays defense. . May 1, 2022 . March 5, 2009 . November 10, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131110081330/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/mar/05/business/fi-cotown-thq5 . live.
  28. Web site: THQ To Obtain Midway's San Diego Studio . Gamer Daily News . August 10, 2009 . August 9, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090813143501/http://www.gamersdailynews.com/story-12644-THQ-To-Obtain-Midways-San-Diego-Studio.html . August 13, 2009.
  29. https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-news/2009/12-23-2009
  30. Web site: THQ Biggest Loser Works Out for Profit . SPOnG.com . February 5, 2010 . February 4, 2010 . August 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200828213423/https://spong.com/article/20498/THQ-Biggest-Loser-Works-Out-for-Profit . live.
  31. News: Saltzman: Katy Perry gets her Revenge . Marc . Saltzman . . May 1, 2022. August 27, 2010 . August 30, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100830171016/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/games/article/851814--saltzman-katy-perry-gets-her-revenge . live.
  32. Web site: 24MAS acquires THQ's Wireless Operations . February 8, 2011 . February 7, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140301173724/http://www.24mas.com/press-news/press-releases/209-24mas-acquires-thqs-wireless-operations . March 1, 2014 . dead.
  33. Web site: Chester . Nick . THQ reveals new logo for 'new THQ' (Update) . . May 1, 2012 . January 12, 2012 . October 29, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121029045422/http://www.destructoid.com/thq-reveals-new-logo-for-new-thq-update--191463.phtml . live.
  34. Web site: THQ Stock Price Drops 26% . TheSixthAxis . March 16, 2011 . May 1, 2022 . March 19, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110319091955/http://www.thesixthaxis.com/2011/03/16/thq-stock-price-drops-26/ . live.
  35. Crossley . Rob . THQ to axe Homefront studio Kaos [Update 2] ]. MCV. May 1, 2022. June 13, 2011 . June 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110616103606/http://www.develop-online.net/news/38018/THQ-to-axe-Homefront-studio-Kaos . live.
  36. French . Michael . THQ to cut down UK studio [Update 2] ]. MCV . May 1, 2022 . June 13, 2011 . June 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110616103545/http://www.develop-online.net/news/38017/THQ-to-cut-down-UK-studio . live.
  37. Web site: Dutton . Fred . THQ abandons Red Faction franchise . Eurogamer . July 27, 2011 . May 1, 2022 . August 7, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110807192932/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-07-27-thq-abandons-red-faction-franchise . live.
  38. Web site: THQ lets 200 go, shifts development focus away from kids and licensed titles . David Hinkle . Engadget . August 9, 2011 . May 1, 2022 . January 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181120/http://www.joystiq.com/2011/08/09/thq-fires-200-shifts-development-focus-away-from-kids-and-licen/ . live.
  39. Web site: THQ Closes Blue Tongue And THQ Brisbane To Focus On 'High-Quality Owned IP' . Mark Serrels . Kotaku Australia . August 10, 2011 . August 10, 2011 . October 1, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111001080739/http://www.kotaku.com.au/2011/08/thq-closes-blue-tongue-and-thq-brisbane-to-focus-on-high-quality-owned-ip/ . live.
  40. Web site: THQ 'not to actively pursue further development' of MX vs ATV franchise . Richard Mitchell . Engadget. August 8, 2011 . May 1, 2022 . March 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142532/http://www.joystiq.com/2011/08/09/thq-not-to-actively-pursue-further-development-of-mx-vs-atv-fr/ . live.
  41. Web site: Eykemans . Peter . uDraw Gametablet Impressions . IGN . January 4, 2013 . November 18, 2011 . December 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121222014722/http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/11/18/udraw-gametablet-impressions . live.
  42. Web site: Dutton . Fred . THQ details full extent of uDraw disaster . Eurogamer . May 1, 2022 . February 2, 2012 . January 9, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130109193251/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-02-02-thq-details-full-extent-of-udraw-disaster . live.
  43. News: Dodson . Don . THQ auction clouds Volition future . May 1, 2022 . News-Gazette (Champaign-Urbana) . January 20, 2013 . January 24, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130124062735/http://www.news-gazette.com/news/business/economy/2013-01-20/thq-auction-clouds-volition-future.html . live.
  44. News: The Break Up – Bankrupt THQ's Assets Sold At Auction . January 24, 2013 . Forbes . January 24, 2013 . Daniel Nye Griffiths . February 16, 2013 . https://archive.today/20130216032346/http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnyegriffiths/2013/01/24/the-break-up-bankrupt-thq-assets-sold-at-auction/ . live .
  45. News: Savitz . Eric . THQ To Exit Kids Game Market; What Now For SpongeBob? . October 1, 2017 . Forbes . January 25, 2012 . en . October 1, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075659/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2012/01/25/thq-to-exit-kids-game-market-what-now-for-spongebob/#8ff10553d8a1 . live.
  46. Web site: THQ details full extent of uDraw disaster . Eurogamer . February 2, 2012 . May 2, 2022. January 9, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130109193251/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-02-02-thq-details-full-extent-of-udraw-disaster . live.
  47. Web site: Conditt . Jessica . THQ sees net loss of $239.9 million, still in business . Engadget . May 1, 2022 . May 15, 2012 . July 19, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120719001026/http://www.joystiq.com/2012/05/15/thq-sees-net-loss-of-239-9-million-still-in-business/ . live.
  48. Web site: Jason Rubin from Naughty Dog Appointed as President of THQ . Planet Xbox360 . May 30, 2012 . September 6, 2012 . https://archive.today/20120906072544/http://www.planetxbox360.com/article_19957/Jason_Rubin_from_Naughty_Dog_Appointed_as_President_of_THQ . dead .
  49. Web site: Peterson . Steve . THQ plans reverse stock split . . December 1, 2012 . May 26, 2012 . October 3, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121003061439/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-05-26-thq-plans-reverse-stock-split . live.
  50. Web site: Plunkett . Luke . EA Gets the UFC License, Will Make Games For Years, Dana White Looks Uncomfortable . Kotaku . May 2, 2022 . June 4, 2012 . June 7, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120607035811/http://kotaku.com/5915636/ea-gets-the-ufc-license-will-make-games-for-years . live.
  51. News: UPDATE 1-THQ Inc announces 1 for 10 reverse stock split . Reuters . December 1, 2012 . July 2, 2012 . August 2, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120802175340/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/02/thq-reversestocksplit-idUSL3E8I252V20120702 . live.
  52. Web site: THQ, Inc. (NASDAQ:THQI) On the Verge of Bankruptcy . Gamer Daily News . December 1, 2012 . November 13, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121204163336/http://www.gamersdailynews.com/story-29013-THQ-Inc-NASDAQTHQI-On-the-Verge-of-Bankruptcy.html . December 4, 2012.
  53. Web site: The Humble THQ Bundle Has Arrived . . August 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160914154655/http://blog.humblebundle.com/post/36817861850/the-humble-thq-bundle-has-arrived . September 14, 2016 . dead.
  54. Web site: Agnello . Anthony J. . Humble Bundle THQ sale raises over $2.3 million with help from CEO . . December 1, 2012 . November 30, 2012 . December 3, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121203204223/http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/humble-bundle-goes-corporate-with-drm-protected-thq-sale/ . dead.
  55. Web site: Who was the Biggest Beneficiary of THQ's $5 Million Humble Bundle? . Owen . Good . Kotaku . December 15, 2012 . May 2, 2022 . December 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121218235012/http://kotaku.com/5968744/who-was-the-biggest-beneficiary-of-thqs-5-million-humble-bundle . live.
  56. Web site: THQ declares bankruptcy, will continue publishing duties . PC Gamer . December 19, 2012 . May 2, 2022 . Petitte, Omri . January 17, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140117145355/http://www.pcgamer.com/2012/12/19/thq-bankruptcy . live.
  57. Web site: Transactions . Centerview Partners . August 23, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113158/http://www.centerviewpartners.com/transactions.aspx?c=2 . September 28, 2013 . dead.
  58. News: Longtime Hollywood Hand Is Joining Boutique Bank . Barnes . Brooks . The New York Times . April 25, 2010 . September 10, 2013 . September 29, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130929082230/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/26/business/media/26paul.html?_r=0 . live.
  59. Web site: THQ's franchises and studios to be auctioned off on a "title by title" basis . Savage . Phil . . January 8, 2013 . May 2, 2022 . January 13, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130113182217/http://www.pcgamer.com/2013/01/08/thqs-franchises-and-studios-to-be-auctioned-off-on-a-title-by-title-basis/ . live.
  60. Web site: THQ's Quick Sale Denied, Individual Franchises Up for Offer . Tom's Hardware . January 9, 2013 . August 23, 2013 . July 17, 2013 . https://archive.today/20130717081404/http://www.tomshardware.com/news/THQ-Franchises-Up-for-Sale,20261.html . live .
  61. Web site: Pereira . Chris . July 30, 2014 . Crytek No Longer Developing Homefront, Sells Rights to Publisher Deep Silver . . July 30, 2014 . August 2, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140802021628/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/crytek-no-longer-developing-homefront-sells-rights/1100-6421395/ . live.
  62. News: THQ bankruptcy auction closes; video game rivals pick up assets . . May 2, 2022. January 23, 2013 . Ben . Fritz . January 31, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130131184554/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/23/business/la-fi-ct-thq-auction-20130124 . dead.
  63. News: Take-Two to Take Over Development of WWE Games From THQ . Bloomberg . February 13, 2013 . May 2, 2022 . Michael . Bathon . February 16, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130216052744/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-13/take-two-to-take-over-development-of-wwe-games-from-thq.html . live.
  64. Web site: THQ Dissolved, Saints Row, Company of Heroes Devs Acquired . Goldfarb . Andrew . IGN . January 23, 2013 . January 23, 2013 . February 16, 2013 . https://archive.today/20130216060055/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/01/23/thq-dissolved-saints-row-company-of-heroes-darksiders-devs-acquired . live .
  65. Web site: Platinum Games boss expresses interest in buying Darksiders on Twitter . Polygon . January 24, 2013 . January 24, 2013 . January 27, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130127004952/http://www.polygon.com/2013/1/23/3909506/platinum-games-boss-expresses-interest-in-buying-darksiders-on-twitter . live.
  66. Web site: Parker . Laura . THQ to sell remainder of intellectual properties . Gamespot . February 26, 2013 . May 2, 2022 . September 16, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130916203542/http://www.gamespot.com/news/thq-to-sell-remainder-of-intellectual-properties-6404541 . live.
  67. Web site: Nexuiz Xbox 360 servers taken offline . Tach . Dave . February 27, 2013 . . August 13, 2016 . August 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160814212140/http://www.polygon.com/2013/2/27/4037348/nexuiz-xbox-360-servers-taken-offline . live.
  68. Web site: Freespace IP returns to Interplay for just $7,500. PC Gamer. June 7, 2013. Savage. Phil. October 11, 2021. October 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191320/https://www.pcgamer.com/freespace-ip-returns-to-interplay-for-just-7500/. live.
  69. Web site: Going once, going twice! Gearbox picks up Homeworld in THQ auction . Ars Technica . April 22, 2013 . April 23, 2013 . April 23, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130423001957/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/04/going-once-going-twice-gearbox-picks-up-homeworld-in-thq-auction/ . live.
  70. Web site: Kim Schmierer . Spongebob License Bought Out By Activision . ZoKnowsGaming . July 31, 2013 . October 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161019080049/http://zoknowsgaming.com/2013/07/31/spongebob-license-bought-activision/ . October 19, 2016 . dead.
  71. Web site: Romano . Sal . THQ Nordic and Nickelodeon to revive several select game titles from the past . Gematsu . March 21, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082145/https://gematsu.com/2018/03/thq-nordic-nickelodeon-revive-several-select-game-titles-past . March 22, 2018 . 21 March 2018 . live.
  72. Web site: Lazard: Blockbuster's Game Expansion No Problem For GameStop . Game Developer. April 29, 2008 . May 2, 2022 . October 12, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131012101427/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/18432/THQs_creditors_cry_foul_over_Clearlake_plans.php#.UObh0YnjksL . live.
  73. In Re: THQ, Inc., et al., Case No. 12-13398-MFW (Bankr. Ct., D. Del.), Transcript of Hearing on January 4, 2013 (pp. 238–239); lines 24-2. A copy may be viewed at the Office of the Clerk, District of Delaware Bankruptcy Court, or by contacting Transcriber Reliable at 302-654-8080.
  74. Web site: Disclosure statement for the first amended Chapter 11 plan of liquidation of THQ Inc. and its affiliated debtors . 154 . May 28, 2013 . January 16, 2016 . May 10, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150510160458/http://www.kccllc.net/thq/document/1213398130528000000000002 . live.
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  76. Web site: THQ trademark acquired by Nordic Games . Polygon . June 12, 2014 . July 27, 2014 . July 14, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120024/http://www.polygon.com/2014/6/12/5805074/thq-trademark-acquired-nordic-games . live.
  77. Web site: Nordic Games brings back the THQ name, rebrands as THQ Nordic . Dean . Takahashi . . August 12, 2016 . August 12, 2016 . August 19, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160819095734/http://venturebeat.com/2016/08/12/nordic-games-brings-back-the-thq-name-rebrands-as-thq-nordic/ . live.
  78. Web site: THQ Inc. to Acquire Black Pearl Software . June 8, 1993 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719201917/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-08-fi-919-story.html . live.
  79. Web site: Form 10-Q . November 13, 1997 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720022715/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/0000950148-97-002811.txt . live.
  80. Web site: Form 10-Q . November 11, 2000 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193701/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095015000000914/0000950150-00-000914.txt . live.
  81. Web site: Stock Purchase Agreement – THQ Inc., Heliotrope Studios Inc., Andrew Sispoidis and Peter G. Sispoidis . August 2, 1996 . Onecle . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719204501/https://contracts.onecle.com/thq/heliotrope.spa.1996.08.02.shtml . live.
  82. Web site: Form 10-K . March 31, 1997 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720051807/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/0000950150-97-000458.txt . live.
  83. Web site: Form 8-K . January 8, 1999 . . July 19, 2020 . February 25, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170225025508/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/0000950150-99-000016.txt . live.
  84. Web site: Agreement of Merger – THQ Inc. and GameFX Inc. . April 17, 1998 . Onecle . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719203602/https://contracts.onecle.com/thq/gamefx.mer.1998.04.17.shtml . live.
  85. Web site: Form 10-K405 . March 13, 1999 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194253/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/0000950148-99-000639.txt . live.
  86. Web site: THQ Inc.Form 10-Q September 30, 2002 . November 14, 2002 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720003246/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095015002001060/0000950150-02-001060.txt . live.
  87. Web site: 10-K . June 10, 2005 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719201257/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465905027764/a05-10272_210k.htm . live.
  88. Web site: Agreement of Merger – THQ Inc. and Pacific Coast Power & Light Co. . May 10, 1999 . Onecle . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193704/https://contracts.onecle.com/thq/pacific.mer.1999.05.10.shtml . live.
  89. Web site: Form 10-K . March 28, 2000 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720003318/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095015000000233/0000950150-00-000233.txt . live.
  90. Web site: THQ Closes Five Studios (Updated) . Chris . Faylor . November 3, 2008 . . March 14, 2021 . April 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200428154800/https://www.shacknews.com/article/55703/thq-closes-five-studios-updated . live.
  91. Web site: Form 10-K405 Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2000 . March 29, 2001 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720010349/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095015001000105/0000950150-01-000105.txt . live.
  92. Web site: Form 10-Q (09/30/1999) . November 15, 1999 . . July 19, 2020 . April 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170429083351/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095014899002478/0000950148-99-002478.txt . live.
  93. Web site: THQ to sell Big Huge Games or close studio . Matt . Martin . March 18, 2009 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194439/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/thq-to-sell-big-huge-games-or-close-studio . live.
  94. Web site: THQ is no more. This is where its assets went . Jeffrey . Matulef . January 23, 2013 . . May 2, 2022 . October 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171029015445/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-01-23-thq-is-no-more-this-is-where-its-assets-went . live.
  95. Web site: About . Helixe . April 7, 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20010407194514/http://www.helixe.com/about.htm . dead.
  96. Web site: Form 10-K for the Period Ended 12/31/2001 . March 22, 2002 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193705/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000095015002000250/a80019e10-k405.htm . live.
  97. Web site: Agreement of Merger – THQ Inc. and Rainbow Multimedia Group Inc. . December 21, 2001 . Onecle . July 19, 2020 . April 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160410102633/http://contracts.onecle.com/thq/rainbow.mer.2001.12.21.shtml . live.
  98. Web site: THQ Cuts 200 Jobs, MX vs. ATV Series, de Blob Studio and More . Michael . McWhertor . August 9, 2011 . . July 19, 2020 . July 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190723174907/https://kotaku.com/thq-cuts-200-jobs-mx-vs-atv-series-de-blob-studio-an-5829346 . live.
  99. Web site: Juice Games, Rainbow Studios get downloadable focus, layoffs . Brendan . Sinclair . February 3, 2010 . . July 19, 2020 . August 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200828213424/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/juice-games-rainbow-studios-get-downloadable-focus-layoffs/1100-6249427/ . live.
  100. Web site: Report: THQ's Rainbow, Sandblast Studios See Layoffs . Chris . Remo . Chris Remo . April 30, 2008 . Game Developer . May 1, 2022 . August 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200828213458/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/109396/Report_THQs_Rainbow_Sandblast_Studios_See_Layoffs.php . live.
  101. Web site: 10-Q . August 14, 2003 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720013353/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465903018616/a03-2259_110q.htm . live.
  102. Web site: Outrage Closed Down . Marcel . Klum . July 16, 2004 . . July 19, 2020 . October 21, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141021234038/http://www.neowin.net/news/outrage-closed-down . live.
  103. Web site: Oz Developer Watch: THQ Studio Australia . Laura . Parker . March 30, 2009 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720051601/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/oz-developer-watch-thq-studio-australia/1100-6233951/ . live.
  104. Web site: 10-K . June 14, 2004 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720051442/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465904016791/a04-6774_110k.htm . live.
  105. Web site: THQ Reports Loss For Q2, New San Diego Studio. Game Developer . Andrew . Wilson . Simon . Carless . October 27, 2004 . May 1, 2022 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719200911/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/95432/THQ_Reports_Loss_For_Q2_New_San_Diego_Studio.php . live.
  106. Web site: THQ Cancels Frontlines PS3, Closes Concrete Games; No More Juiced or Stuntman Titles . Aaron . Linde . January 23, 2008 . . July 19, 2020 . December 21, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191221192510/https://www.shacknews.com/article/50923/thq-cancels-frontlines-ps3-closes . live.
  107. Web site: THQ expands Australian presence with Blue Tongue buyout . Rob . Fahey . November 17, 2004 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193705/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/thq-expands-australian-presence-with-blue-tongue-buyout . live.
  108. Web site: Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 and 15(D) . June 7, 2006 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719233139/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465906040235/a06-9725_110k.htm . live.
  109. Web site: THQ Announces Formation Of Kaos Studios . Simon . Carless . February 3, 2006 . Game Developer. May 2, 2022 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720224239/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/98983/THQ_Announces_Formation_Of_Kaos_Studios.php . live.
  110. Web site: THQ closes Kaos and Warrington studios . Dan . Pearson . June 13, 2011 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720021733/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-06-13-homefront-developer-kaos-reportedly-closing-down . live.
  111. Web site: THQ Acquires UK Developer Juice Games . Simon . Carless . March 6, 2006 . Game Developer . May 2, 2022 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719204634/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/99353/THQ_Acquires_UK_Developer_Juice_Games.php . live.
  112. Web site: THQ Acquires Vigil Games . Jeff . Haynes . March 17, 2006 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719204423/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/03/17/thq-acquires-vigil-games . live.
  113. Web site: THQ Dissolved, Saints Row, Company of Heroes Devs Acquired . Andrew . Goldfarb . January 23, 2013 . . July 19, 2020 . February 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030706/https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/01/23/thq-dissolved-saints-row-company-of-heroes-darksiders-devs-acquired . live.
  114. Web site: THQ Incinerates . Daemon . Hatfield . 18 July 2006 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720004430/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/07/18/thq-incinerates . live.
  115. Web site: 10-K . May 30, 2007 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193737/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465907044132/a07-14939_110k.htm . live.
  116. Web site: THQ Completes Purchase Of Paradigm Entertainment . Jason . Dobson . July 25, 2006 . . May 2, 2022. July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719205344/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/101166/THQ_Completes_Purchase_Of_Paradigm_Entertainment.php . live.
  117. Web site: Mass Media joins THQ family . James . Ransom-Wiley . February 2, 2007 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719203318/https://www.engadget.com/2007-02-02-mass-media-joins-thq-family.html . live.
  118. Web site: 10-K . May 28, 2008 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194654/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000104746908007002/a2185928z10-k.htm . live.
  119. Web site: 38 Studios acquires Big Huge Games . Matt . Martin . May 27, 2009 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720013020/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/38-studios-acquires-big-huge-games . live.
  120. Web site: THQ Closes Universomo . Levi . Buchanan . March 2, 2010 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194455/https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/03/02/thq-closes-universomo . live.
  121. Web site: THQ buys Midway San Diego for $200K . Tor . Thorsen . August 12, 2009 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719201916/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/thq-buys-midway-san-diego-for-200k/1100-6215101/ . live.
  122. Web site: THQ San Diego shuttered as UFC rights pass to EA . Griffin . McElroy . June 4, 2012 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720051807/https://www.polygon.com/gaming/2012/6/4/3064285/thq-san-diego-reportedly-shuttered-as-ufc-rights-pass-to-ea . live.
  123. Web site: THQ To Open Montreal Studio Led By Assassin's Creeds Desilets . Leigh . Alexander . Leigh Alexander (journalist) . October 19, 2010 . Game Developer . May 2, 2022 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193707/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/121747/THQ_To_Open_Montreal_Studio_Led_By_Assassins_Creeds_Desilets.php . live.
  124. Web site: Rushware jetzt THQ . de . Rushware now THQ . February 12, 2002 . GamesMakrt . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720015056/http://www.mediabiz.de/games/news/rushware-jetzt-thq/91782 . live.
  125. Web site: THQ forciert den Mobile Games-Markt . de . THQ pushes the mobile games market . Stefan . Steininger . January 9, 2002 . GamesMarkt . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720051605/http://beta.gamesmarkt.de/details/107134 . live.
  126. Web site: THQ Wireless Sells to Mobile Advertising Company 24MAS . Tricia . Duryee . February 8, 2011 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193707/http://allthingsd.com/20110208/thq-wireless-sells-to-mobile-advertising-company-24mas/ . live.
  127. Web site: 10-K . March 31, 2003 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719193706/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/865570/000110465903005535/j8914_10k.htm . live.
  128. Web site: THQ sells its ValuSoft division to Cosmi . James . Brightman . April 25, 2012 . . July 19, 2020 . July 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719201917/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-04-25-thq-sells-its-valusoft-division-to-cosmi . live.
  129. Web site: THQ establishes outsourcing unit . Paul . Loughrey . March 15, 2006 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720021805/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/thq-establishes-outsourcing-unit . live.
  130. Web site: THQ expands casual games portfolio . Mark . Androvich . April 1, 2008 . . July 19, 2020 . July 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720050857/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/thq-acquires-elephant . live.

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