Malek Alloula Explained

Birth Date:November 3, 1937
Birth Place:Oran, Algeria
Alma Mater:École Normale Supérieure, Sorbonne
Nationality:Algerian
Occupation:Writer, Poet, Literary Critic
Spouse:Assia Djebar 1980-2005
Subject:Orientalism, post-colonialism
Notable Works:The Colonial Harem (1986)
Caption:Malek Alloula in 2013
Death Place:Paris, France
Language:French

Malek Alloula (1937–2015) was an Algerian poet, writer, editor, and literary critic.[1] [2] [3]

He is chiefly notable for his poetry and essays on philosophy. He wrote several books, including Le Harem Colonial in 1981, translated into English as The Colonial Harem, which was generally well received. The author analyses colonial photographic postcards of Algerian women from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, arguing that the postcards do not accurately represent Algerian women, but rather a Frenchman's fantasy of the "Oriental" female.[4] [5] [6]

Biography

He was born November 3, 1937, in Oran, Algeria.[7] [8] Having graduated from the École Normale Supérieure, he further studied literature at the University of Algiers and La Sorbonne, Paris, where he wrote his doctoral thesis on Denis Diderot, a French philosopher and writer.[9]

He married Assia Djebar, an Algerian filmmaker and novelist, in 1980; they divorced in 2005.[10] [11] He was the director of the Abdelkader Alloula Foundation, which honors his brother Abdelkader Alloula, a playwright and stage director who was assassinated in 1994 by members of Islamic Front for Armed Jihad.[12]

Bibliography

Having become an editor in Paris in 1967, he continued writing poetry, essays on poetics, and philosophy, working in the French language. As a critic, he spoke against the appropriation of poetry in the service of the Algerian revolution, following the independence of Algeria from France in 1962.

Most of his essays and prose, infused with poetic touches, speak about Algerian culture, Algerian-Berber culture, food, and his childhood memories of his father, teachers, and friends. Among his various publications, the most influential is Le Harem Colonial (The Colonial Harem), which analyzes a collection of postcards displaying "exotic" images of Algerian women, photographed by French colonists and sent back to France. According to Alloula, this was done as a sign of conquest; he asserts that the postcards visually represent power relations between colonized and colonizer. The book provides commentary on the images, especially those depicting eroticized "scenes of Algerian women" during the French colonial regime. Between 1900 and 1930, French entrepreneurs produced postcards of Algerian women and circulated them in France. According to Alloula, this constitutes a French colonial projection of a world that never existed. He declares that, "Wanting to possess the Algerian land, French colonists first claimed the bodies of its women, using sex as a surrogate for an extension of another larger usurpation of culture." Alloula's book claims that these photographs were circulated as evidence of the exotic, backward, and strange customs of Algerians. According to Alloula, the Algerian women used in the images are not actually harem women, but rather orphans and prostitutes who were asked to pose for the photographer. Alloula denounces the voyeuristic perspective of the French on Algerian women; he claims the images are not representative of the real Algerian women, but rather of Western fantasies of the Oriental female and her inaccessibility in the forbidden harem.[13]

Works

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Malek Alloula [Algeria] ]. literaturfestival.com . June 15, 2012.
  2. Web site: ALGERIA, CONQUERED BY POSTCARD . January 11, 1987 . Malek Alloula, an Algerian poet who lives and writes in France – French photographed Fatmah and other Algerian women, displaying their images on postcards that were sent back to France with casual or incidental messages. The real message of the cards, according to Mr. Alloula, whose book contains 90 photographic reproductions, was neither casual nor incidental, but was instead a sign of conquest, of Western designs on the Orient, of violence. . nytimes.com . June 16, 2012.
  3. Web site: Wanted Women, Woman's Wants:The Colonial Harem and Post-colonial Discourse . Le Harem Colonial: Images d'un sous-erotisme by Malek Alloula, an Algerian poet and critic, was published in France in 1981 ~ it appeared in its English translation, as The Colonial Harem, in 1986 . homepage.villanova.edu . June 15, 2012.
  4. Book: Alloula, Malek . The Colonial Harem . Manchester University Press . 1987 . 1–180 . 978-0-7190-1907-4.
  5. Web site: Photography and the Politics of Representing Algerian Women . the scholar Malek Alloula analyzed photographic postcards of Algerian women, which staged erotic images of the "off-limits" harem of the early twentieth century. In Alloula's collection The Colonial Harem, the author points out that the postcards no longer represent Algeria or the Algerian women, but the "Frenchman's phantasm of the Oriental female and her inaccessibility behind the viel in the forbidden harem". . binghamton.edu . June 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130128101930/http://www2.binghamton.edu/history/resources/journal-of-history/jennifer-abbate.html . January 28, 2013 . dead .
  6. Web site: Recycling the 'Colonial Harem'? Women in Postcards from French Indochina . Malek Alloula’s influential book Le Harem colonial put forward a reading of such postcards from the early 1900s as perpetuating a harem fantasy through which French male colonists viewed North Africa. This article analyses a selection of postcards of women from France’s Indochinese colonies at the same period, and suggests that Alloula’s thesis does not fit them in a comparable way. . frc.sagepub.com . June 18, 2012.
  7. Book: Gikandi, Simon . Simon Gikandi . Encyclopedia of African Literature . Taylor & Francis . 2003 . 978-1-134-58223-5 . 2018-11-19 . 25.
  8. Web site: liberte-algerie.com. Décès du poète algérien Malek Alloula: Toute l'actualité sur liberte-algerie.com. 2021-03-23. www.liberte-algerie.com/. FR.
  9. Web site: Obituary: the Algerian writer Malek Alloula: A prophet unaccepted in his own country - Qantara.de. 2021-03-23. Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World. en.
  10. Web site: Threats against RI atheist teen being investigated . In 1981, Djebar married fellow poet Malek Alloula, to whom she remains married today. In the early 1980s, she also began work on her second film, La Zerda ou les chants de l'oubli (Zerda or the Forgotten Songs). . voices.cla.umn.edu . June 14, 2012.
  11. Book: Parekh, Pushpa Naidu . Siga Fatima Jagne . Siga Fatima Jagne . Postcolonial African Writers:A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook . Greenwood Publishing Group . 1998 . 135 . 978-0-313-29056-5.
  12. Web site: Algerian playwright Abdelkader Alloula killed by Islamic extremists . Radja Alloula, and friends set up the Abdelkader Alloula Foundation in his memory. His brother, Malek Alloula, is also a noted Algerian writer. . thefileroom.org . June 12, 2012.
  13. Web site: What is Orientalism? . France colonized Algeria from 1830 to 1962. From roughly 1900 to 1930, French entrepreneurs produced postcards of Algerian women that were circulated in France. While Algerian women are portrayed in these photographs as if the camera is capturing a real moment in their everyday lives, the women are actually set up in the photographer’s studio. As demonstrated in Malek Alloula’s book, The Colonial Harem, these photographs were circulated as evidence of the exotic, backwards and strange customs of Algerians, when, in fact, they reveal more about the French colonial perspective than about Algerian life in the early 1900s. . arabstereotypes.org . June 16, 2012.
  14. Web site: inauthor:"Malek Alloula" . June 17, 2012.

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