Mainalo Explained

Mainalo
Photo Alt:	A photo taken in the summer of a mountainside of Mainalo. The mountainside is completely covered in a green forest of Greek fir.
Elevation M:	1,981
Highest:	Ostrakina or Profitis Ilias
Elevation Ref:	^[1]
Language:	Greek
Location:	The mountain is in the middle of the Peloponnese, in Arcadia, Greece
Map:	Greece Peloponnese
Map Alt:	The location of Mainalo on a blank map of the relief of the Peloponnese, Greece
Label:	Mainalo
Label Position:	right
Coordinates:	37.6436°N 22.2797°W
Easiest Route:	Hike
Etymology:	from Ancient Greek Μαίναλον (Maínalon)
Type:	Mount

Mainalo (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Μαίναλο, Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Μαίναλος or Μαίναλον|Mainalos or Mainalon; Latin: Maenalus^[2]) is the tallest mountain in the Menalon highlands of the Peloponnese, and is located in Arcadia, Greece. In antiquity, the mountain was especially sacred to Pan.^[2]

The mountain's highest point, known as both Profitis Ilias and Ostrakina,^{[1] [3]} at a height of 1981m (6,499feet),^[1] is the highest point in Arcadia.^[4] The mountain has a length of NaNkm (-2,147,483,648miles) from southwest of Tripoli to northeast of Vytina, and a width of NaNkm (-2,147,483,648miles) from Zygovisti to Kapsas.^[4] The mountain is part of a Natura 2000 site, designated in March 2011, covering an area of 226.4km2. In the 19th and early 20th century, the mountain was known as Apano Chrepa.^[5]

The mountain takes its name from the ancient Mount Mainalos, which was however located about 25 kilometers further south near the town of Asea, and has been identified as the same mountain known today as Ágios Ilías. The name was mistakenly connected to the current mounaint Mainalo by early European travelers.^{[6] [7]} In Greek mythology, Mount Mainalos got its name from Maenalus, son of Lykaon, king of Arcadia.^[8]

Mainalo is home to a ski resort, which is found at an elevation of 1600m (5,200feet), with 7 ski slopes and 4 lifts,^[9] which are at an altitude between NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet).

Geography

Mainalo's ground is primarily made of lime, among various calcareous substrates.

Mainalo has various named peaks. Listed by height, they are, among others;^{[1] [3]}

• Ostrakina (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Οστρακίνα) or Profitis Ilias (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Προφήτης Ηλιας) at 1981m (6,499feet)
• Pateritsa (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Πατερίτσα) at 1875m (6,152feet)
• Aidini (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Αϊδίνη) at 1849m (6,066feet)
• Mavri Koryfi (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Μαύρη Κορυφή) at 1818m (5,965feet)
• Mourtzia (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Μουρτζιά) at 1794m (5,886feet)
• Mesovouni (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Μεσοβούνι) at 1730m (5,680feet)
• Krevatia (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Κρεββάτια) at 1563m (5,128feet)
• Epano Chrepa (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Επάνω χρέπα) at 1559m (5,115feet)
• Lioritsi (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Λιορίτσι) at 1155m (3,789feet)
• Sterna (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Στέρνα) at 1071m (3,514feet)

Ecology

The mountain houses many forests of Greek fir and Crimean pine. Natura 2000 cites these forests as the "[Greek fir and Crimean pine's] best representation in Peloponnisos."

Mainalo has several ecological environments, comprising:

• Mediterranean arborescent matorrals, covering 8.96km2 of the mountain, this environment consists of Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean sclerophyllous evergreen shrublands grouped under arborescent junipers.^{[10] :59}
• Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse, covering 5.57km2 of the mountain, this environment consists of a dry mountainous environment. Mediterranean heaths are usually dominated by Genista, while containing various other, often spined, shrubs like Acantholimon, Astragalus, Erinacea, Bupleurum, Ptilotrichum, Echinospartum, and Anthyllis. This environment also includes a variety of Asteraceae and Lamiaceae.^{[10] :53}
• Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, covering 0.22km2 of the mountain, this environment consists of limestone cliffs and screes, featuring great ecological diversity, with many endemic plants growing in fissures within rock.^{[10] :96}

Many amphibians, reptiles, mammals, insects, and diurnal predatory birds inhabit Mainalo. These include, among others;

• Reptiles such as the Balkan whip snake, marginated tortoise, Kotschy's gecko, Greek rock lizard, Peloponnese wall lizard, European copper skink, and the horned viper.
• Mammals such as the European hare, beech marten, European badger, lesser noctule bat, edible dormouse, Thomas's pine vole, and the western broad-toothed field mice.
• Amphibians such as the European green toad, European tree frog, and the Syrian spadefoot.
• Birds such as the northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, common buzzard, common kestrel, and the peregrine falcon.
• Insects such as the Kretania sephirus butterfly, Persian skipper butterfly, eastern orange tip butterfly and the mountain small white butterfly.

Notable people

The following people were associated with the ancient city Maenalus, which may have stood near the summit of Mainalo:^{[2] [11]}

• Androsthenes of Maenalus, a pankratiast who won gold in the ancient Olympic Games in 420 and 416 BC.^{[12] [13] :27[14] :10}
• Damoxenidas of Maenalus, a boxer who won gold in the ancient Olympic Games in 384 BC.^{[12] [13] :159[15] :246}
• Ephotion of Maenalus, a pankratiast who won gold in the ancient Olympic Games in 464 BC.^{[14] :60}
• Euthymenes of Maenalus, a boys' and adult wrestler who won gold in the ancient Olympic Games in 400 and 392 BC.^{[12] [14] :66}
• Nicodamus of Maenalus, a sculptor who made statues of ancient Olympic victors and Greek mythological figures.
• Phormis of Maenalus, a distinguished fighter who became rich in service of Gelo.^[12]
• Xenocles of Maenalus, a boys' wrestler who won gold in the ancient Olympic Games in 372 BC.^{[12] [14] :177}

External links

• Mainalo Ski Center
• Forecasts on Mainalo
• University of Patras article on Mainalo and the Menalon highlands

Notes and References

1. Web site: https://oreivatein.com/oreivatein/page/mountains/m_o/mainalo/mainalo_c.htm. el:Μαίναλο - Γράφημα των κορυφών του Μαίναλου. Mainalo - Graph of the peaks of Mainalo. Oreivatein. Greek. 17 October 2018.
2. Maenalus. 2. 243-244.
3. Web site: http://hikingexperience.gr/%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CE%AE-%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85/. el:Στην κορυφή Τζελάτη του Μαινάλου. October 15, 2011. hikingexperience.gr. Greek. At the Tzelati peak of Mainalo. 22 February 2018.
4. Web site: Mainalo. Peloponnese Travel Guide in Greece - Peloponnese.eu. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091250/http://www.peloponnese.eu/peloponnese-mountains/mainalo. 14 October 2018. 20 December 2017.
5. Book: Orr, James. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Howard-Severance Co.. 1915. II. Chicago. 1296. Greece; Graecia. https://archive.org/stream/cu31924063473403#page/n651/mode/2up. Archive.org.
6. Forsén . Björn . 2020 . Mainalosjuoksu. Tuntemattoman antiikin kisan henkiinherättäminen . Helikon . 1 . 2-5.
7. Web site: Arachamitai Project . 2023-08-31 . arachamitaiexcavation.info.
8. Web site: LYCAON (Lykaon) - Arcadian King of Greek Mythology . 2023-08-31 . www.theoi.com.
9. Web site: Ostrakina Ski Center - Mainalon. Greek Travel Pages. 26 May 2018.
10. Book: Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. April 2013. European Commission, DG-ENV. EUR 28.
11. Book: Leake, William Martin. Peloponnesiaca: a Supplement to Travels on the Moréa. J. Rodwell. 1846. London. Gates of Helos. William Martin Leake. Internet Archive. 241–243.
12. Book: Leake, William Martin. Peloponnesiaca: a Supplement to Travels on the Moréa. J. Rodwell. 1846. London. Olympia. William Martin Leake. Internet Archive. 59–65.
13. Book: Matz, David. Greek and Roman sport: a dictionary of athletes and events from the eighth century B.C. to the third century A.D.. registration. McFarland & Company Incorporated Pub. 1991. 9780899505589. United States. 925131929.
14. Book: Golden, Mark. Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge. 2004. 9781134535965. United States. Archive.org.
15. Book: Durántez Corral, Conrado. El significado de la victoria en los juegos de Olimpia - Los vencedores Olimpicos. University of León. 2010. León. Spanish. The significance of victory in the games of Olympia - The Olympic victors.