| Maguindanaon | |
| Familycolor: | Austronesian |
| Nativename: | Basa Magindanawn |
| States: | Philippines |
| Region: | Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Occidental |
| Ethnicity: | Maguindanaon |
| Speakers: | 2,021,099 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Ref: | [1] |
| Fam2: | Malayo-Polynesian |
| Fam3: | Philippine |
| Fam4: | Greater Central Philippine |
| Fam5: | Danao |
| Script: | Latin Arabic (Jawi) |
| Dia1: | Tau sa Ilud |
| Dia2: | Tau sa Laya |
| Dia3: | Biwangen |
| Nation: | Regional language in the Philippines |
| Agency: | Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |
| Iso3: | mdh |
| Glotto: | magu1243 |
| Map: | Maguindanao language map.png |
| Notice: | IPA |
Maguindanaon (Basa Magindanawn, Jawi: {{Script/Arabic|باس مڬندنون), or Magindanawn is an Austronesian language spoken by Maguindanaon people who form majority of the population of eponymous provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, and General Santos, and the provinces of North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, as well as Metro Manila. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the ninth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 365,032 households still speaking the language.[2]
The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of the Sultanate of Maguindanao, which lasted until near the end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century.
The earliest works on the language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of the Society of Jesus who worked in the Philippines in the second half of the 19th century.[3] [4] Aside from a number of Christian religious works in the language, Juanmartí also published a Maguindanao–Spanish/Spanish–Maguindanao dictionary and reference grammar in 1892.[5] Shortly after sovereignty over the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States in 1898 as a result of the Spanish–American War, the American administration began publishing a number of works on the language in English, such as a brief primer and vocabulary in 1903,[6] and a translation of Juanmartí's reference grammar into English in 1906.[7]
A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors.
Maguindanaon has 3 major dialects: Taw sa ilud, Taw sa laya, and Biwangen.
Maguindanaon dialects are:
| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ ~ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid | (pronounced as /link/) | (pronounced as /link/) | ||
| Open | pronounced as /link/ |
The vowels pronounced as /[e]/ and pronounced as /[o]/ only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay.
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Tap | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
pronounced as //ɾ// and pronounced as //l// are interchangeable in words which include a written l, and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon. pronounced as //l// may also be heard as a retroflex pronounced as /[ɭ]/ in intervocalic positions.[9] The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flapped r over l, while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favors l.
As in the Maranao language, Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.
| I | |||||
| you (singular) | ~ | ||||
| he/she/it | |||||
| we (dual) | |||||
| we (including you) | |||||
| we (excluding you) | |||||
| you (plural) | |||||
Maguindanaon numerals:
| English | Maguindanaon | |
|---|---|---|
| black | ||
| white | ||
| red | ||
| orange | ||
| yellow | ||
| green | ||
| blue | ||
| purple | ||
| pink | ||
| gray | ||
| brown |
| English | Maguindanaon | English | Maguindanaon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are you? | Good morning | |||
| Good noon | Good afternoon | |||
| Good day | Good evening | |||
| I will go now | Until next time | |||
| You're so diligent | You're so kind | |||
| You're so beautiful | Thanks! | |||
| Thank you! | Thank you very much! | |||
| You're welcome | Welcome! | |||
| Yes | No | |||
| None | Not | |||
| Who? | What? | |||
| Where? | Which? | |||
| When? | How? | |||
| Why? | This | |||
| That | There | |||
| Here | In |
Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with the Jawi script. Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred history contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script.
| + Maguindanaon alphabet – Latin script | |||
| Letter | Name | Sound | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | pronounced as /[a]/ | |
| B | ba | pronounced as /[b]/ | |
| D | da | pronounced as /[d]/ | |
| E | e | pronounced as /[ə]/ | |
| G | ga | pronounced as /[g]/ | |
| H | ha | pronounced as /[h]/ | |
| I | i | pronounced as /[i/e]/ | |
| J | ja | pronounced as /[ʒ]/ | |
| K | ka | pronounced as /[k]/ | |
| L | la | pronounced as /[l]/ | |
| M | ma | pronounced as /[m]/ | |
| N | na | pronounced as /[n]/ | |
| Ng | nga | pronounced as /[ŋ]/ | |
| P | pa | pronounced as /[p]/ | |
| R | ra | pronounced as /[ɾ/r]/ | |
| S | sa | pronounced as /[s]/ | |
| T | ta | pronounced as /[t]/ | |
| U | u | pronounced as /[u/o]/ | |
| W | wa | pronounced as /[w]/ | |
| Y | ya | pronounced as /[j]/ | |
| Z | za | pronounced as /[z]/ |