Magic: The Gathering deck types explained

Gameplay of the collectible card game is fueled by each player's deck of cards, which constitute the resources that player can call upon to battle their opponents in any given game. With more than 20,000 unique cards in the game, a considerable number of different decks can be constructed. Each card is designed to have certain strengths (and sometimes weaknesses) and therefore a significant part of the game is determined by which cards a player chooses to include in their deck. Broadly speaking, decks can be loosely classified based on their play style and mode of victory. The game's designers often explicitly create cards which are intended to fuel one or more of these given archetypes, in order to create competitive balance and diversity.[1] [2]

While the deck types listed below are specific to Magic: The Gathering, these concepts also extend to other collectible card games.

Deck archetypes

Most classifications of decks begin from one of four major strategies: aggro, control, combo and midrange.[3]

Aggro

Aggro (short for "aggressive") decks attempt to reduce their opponents from 20 life to 0 life as quickly as possible, rather than emphasize a long-term game plan.[4] Aggro decks focus on converting their cards into damage; they prefer to engage in a race for tempo rather than a card advantage-based attrition war. Aggro generally relies upon creatures as its accumulative source of damage. Aggro decks can quickly overwhelm unprepared opponents and proceed to eke out the last bit of damage they need to end the game. Aggro decks also generally have access to disruptive elements, which can inhibit the opponent's attempts to respond.[5] [6] [7] [8]

Control

Control decks avoid racing. They attempt to slow the game down by executing an attrition plan. As the game progresses, control decks are able to take advantage of their slower, more powerful, cards.[15] The primary strength of control decks is their ability to devalue the opponent's cards. They do this in four ways:[16]

  1. Answering threats at a reduced cost. Given the opportunity, Control decks can gain card advantage by answering multiple threats with one spell ("clearing"/"wiping" the board), stopping expensive threats with cheaper spells, and drawing multiple cards or forcing the opponent to discard multiple cards with one spell.
  2. Not playing threats to be answered. By playing few proactive spells of their own, control decks gain virtual card advantage by reducing the usefulness of opposing removal cards.
  3. Disrupting synergies. Even if control decks do not deal with every threat directly, they can leave out whichever ones stand poorly on their own; e.g., an enchantment which gives a bonus to creatures will never need attention if all enemy creatures are quickly neutralized.
  4. Dragging the game out past opposing preparations. An opponent's faster, efficient cards will become less effective over time.

Combo

Combo decks use the interaction of two or more cards (a "combination") to create a powerful effect that either wins the game immediately or produces an overwhelming advantage. Combo decks value consistency, speed, and resilience: the deck should be reliable enough to produce the combo on a regular basis, the deck should be able to use the combo fast enough to win before the opponent, and the deck should be able to withstand disruption and still win.

Many decks have smaller, combo-like interactions between their cards, which is better described as synergy.

Midrange

A typical midrange deck has an early game plan of mana ramp and control, but begins to play threats once it reaches four to six mana. A midrange deck will often seek to play a reactive, attrition-based game against aggro decks and a more proactive, tempo-based game against control decks. Colloquially, this is referred to as "going bigger" than aggro and "getting in under" control.

Hybrid strategies

Aggro-Control

Aggro-control is a hybrid archetype that contains both aggressive creatures and control elements. These decks attempt to deploy quick threats while protecting them with light permission and disruption long enough to win. These are frequently referred to as "tempo" strategies, as they are built with a sense of timing. Tempo players look to control the game early and take advantage of a strong board state. Where purely control decks look to out class players with more quality in the later stages of the game, tempo looks to keep opponents off balance from the very start.

Control-Combo

Control-Combo is a control deck with a combo finisher that it can spring quickly if need be. A notable subtype of Control-Combo is "prison," which institutes control through resource denial (usually via a combo).

Aggro-Combo

Aggro-combo decks employ aggressive creature strategies along with some combination of cards that can win in "combo" fashion with one big turn. For instance, Ravager Affinity decks that include Disciple of the Vault can win by attacking with creatures and also with a combo finish of sacrificing multiple artifacts to Arcbound Ravager and killing the opponent with Disciple triggers.

Aggro-Control-Combo

Aggro-control-combo decks combine efficient, creature-based damage, heavy disruption elements, and an ability to unleash an extremely powerful synergy that can end the game in "combo" fashion.[1]

In-depth Archetype Breakdown

Other than the traditional outlook grouping the decks into general buckets (aggro, control, midrange, combo), there are 2 modern outlooks breaking deck archetypes that are meant to more accurately describe how decks actually exploit different aspects of the game into winning conditions.

Aspect Analysis

Aspect analysis assigns very specific traits to 3 of the buckets and lists everything else as a combination of those; the 3 main buckets being aggro, control, and combo. Combinations, and their inverse combinations, may vary in the way they implement strategies and aspects, therefore are generally not grouped in the same category; a great example of this being control-aggro (aka midrange) vs aggro-control (tempo). From these buckets, different strategies are drawn depending on the type of actual implementation of the deck in question. However, the vast majority of MTG decks use one or a combination of the following aspects to win.

The graphic listed in this section explains how the traditional archetypes use these different aspects of MTG.

Axes analysis

The strategic axes analysis groups the different types of decks (aggro, control, combo, aggro-control, control-aggro aka midrange, prison, gimmick, meta) into combinations of the axes listed below. Some of these may overlap with Aspect Analysis.

The traditional archetypes fit into the axes in the following manner:

Recent (2012) design philosophy

Traditionally, Aggro was seen as advantaged over Control, Control advantaged over Combo, and Combo advantaged over Aggro.[47] Wizards of the Coast has sought to make high casting-cost spells more powerful than in the early days of Magic, and have also wanted to play up creature combat more - an aggressive deck should have to worry about blocking and opposing creatures even from Control and Combo decks. To that end, R&D member Zac Hill described an ideal metagame structured such that:

Each of these 4 categories would ideally occupy around 25% of a given metagame. In Hill's definition, Aggro refers most specifically to the fastest creature decks built to punish slow starts, ponderous Control decks, and aggressive decks who've substituted out damage for disruption. Midrange decks in this definition are slower creature-based decks who trump the speed of fast aggro with better quality from their somewhat more expensive spells. (Both of these would likely be considered "Aggro" in the traditional definition.) "Ramp" and "Combo" are conceptually similar as noted above; while the combo deck might seek to set up a combination of 2 or 3 cards for a powerful, game-changing effect, the ramp deck instead focuses on building mana as fast as possible and then casting game-changing yet expensive spells, or taking advantage of certain interactions that require a large manabase. A midrange deck often doesn't have the sheer speed to stop ramp or combo from either casting a huge spell or "going off" with the combo. Control decks can counter or otherwise answer the single big threat ramp decks and combo decks provide while winning the long game. Similarly, "disruptive aggro" (equivalent to Aggro-Control in the classic archetypes above) can also stop the single threat Combo and Ramp offer while focusing on winning faster. These rules can change however as blocks cycle and meta shifts.

Notes and References

  1. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/magic-academy/aggro-combo-and-control-2007-01-27 Aggro, Combo, and Control
  2. Pojos Unofficial Total Magic: The Gathering
  3. https://articles.starcitygames.com/articles/next-level-deckbuilding-sneak-peek-the-sixteen-archetypes-of-magic/ Next Level Deckbuilding Sneak Peek: The Sixteen Archetypes Of Magic
  4. Web site: TCGplayer Infinite.
  5. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/magic-academy/playing-against-aggro-2007-06-09 Playing Against Aggro
  6. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/extended/15333_Arcane_Teachings_Project_Hollywood_Week_3_So_Close_and_Yet_So_Far.html Arcane Teachings - Project Hollywood
  7. http://www.starcitygames.com/php/news/print.php?Article=13921 Deconstructing Constructed: Processing the Process
  8. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/magic-academy/your-first-aggro-deck-2007-03-24 Your First Aggro Deck
  9. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/making-magic/we%E2%80%99ve-got-beatdown-2005-06-27 We've Got the Beatdown
  10. http://www.starcitygames.com/article/5764_Playing-White-Weenie-In-Vintage.html Playing White Weenie In Vintage
  11. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/standard/8437_The_Daffinitive_Affinity_Guide.html The Daffinitive Affinity Guide
  12. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/top-decks/return-wild-nacatl-2015-11-06 The Return of Wild Nacatl
  13. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/feature/famous-red-decks-magic-history-2004-07-22 Famous Red Decks in Magic History
  14. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/16819_So_Many_Insane_Plays_Vintage_On_A_Budget_Suicide_Black_2K9.html Vintage on a Budget: Suicide Black 2K9
  15. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/magic-academy/playing-against-control-2007-06-02 Playing Against Control
  16. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/magic-academy/your-first-control-deck-2007-03-17 Your First Control Deck
  17. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/17071_So_Many_Insane_Plays_The_Anatomy_of_Vintage_Tezzeret.html The Anatomy of Vintage Tezzeret
  18. https://web.archive.org/web/20010407063330/http://www.wizards.com/sideboard/article.asp?x=sb20010130a Chicago-Style U/W Control
  19. https://web.archive.org/web/20030430144621/http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=sideboard/strategy/20030425a Giant-Sized Regionals Primer: Psychatog
  20. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/astral-slide-new-standard-2004-03-22 Astral Slide in the New Standard
  21. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/serious-fun/power-dark-side-2007-08-28 The Power of the Dark Side
  22. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/2253_You_CAN_Play_Type_I_17_The_Control_Players_Bible_Part_I.html You CAN Play Type I #17: The Control Player's Bible, Part I
  23. http://www.starcitygames.com/php/news/print.php?Article=16270 The Perfect Storm
  24. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/daily-deck/jack-kitchens-painter-scg-premier-iq%E2%80%94baltimore-2015-03-02 Jack Kitchen's Painter SCG Premier IQ -Baltimore
  25. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/18487_So_Many_Insane_Plays_The_2010_Guide_to_Vintage.html The 2010 Guide to Vintage
  26. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/15567_So_Many_Insane_Plays_The_Ultimate_Vintage_Primer.html The Ultimate Vintage Primer
  27. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/17922_Feature_Article_The_Steel_City_Vault_Deck_Unleashed.html The Steel City Vault Deck Unleashed
  28. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/legacy/18112_Legacys_Allure_Busting_Cthulhu_Out_of_Dark_Depths.html Busting Cthulhu Out of Dark Depths
  29. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/midrange-archetype-2007-03-26 The Midrange Archetype
  30. http://www.channelfireball.com/articles/deck-of-the-day-temur-emerge-deck-guide/ Deck of the Day – Temur Emerge Deck Guide By Eric Froehlich
  31. https://web.archive.org/web/20030430121303/http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=sideboard/strategy/20030423b Giant Sized Regionals Primer: Blue-Green Madness!
  32. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/feature/naya-lightsaber-2009-11-30 Naya Lightsaber
  33. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/top-decks/rugs-not-all-delvers-2012-07-03 RUGs (But Not All Delvers)
  34. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/23257_The_Guide_To_Vintages_Landscape_Attacking_The_Red_Zone.html The Guide To Vintage’s Landscape – Attacking The Red Zone
  35. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/23221_The_Guide_To_Vintages_Landscape_All_Things_That_Gush.html The Guide To Vintage’s Landscape – All Things that Gush
  36. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/standard/24191_Building_The_Best_Delver_Of_Secrets.html Building The Best Delver Of Secrets
  37. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/feature/deconstructing-stasis-2006-11-28 Deconstructing Stasis
  38. https://web.archive.org/web/20150910185937/http://archive.wizards.com/sideboard/article.asp?x=PTNOR01%5C730illusions Illusions-Donate
  39. Web site: Magic the Gathering Vintage Oath Decks. mtgdecks.net. 24 April 2017.
  40. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/10479_How_to_Play_Control_Slaver_Now.html How to Play Control Slaver Now
  41. http://www.themanadrain.com/index.php?topic=36351.0 Drain Tendrils: Staying Ahead of the Curve
  42. https://web.archive.org/web/20031228212147/http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=sideboard/ptno03/article1 Chaining Goblins
  43. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/feature/deconstructing-fires-2002-07-30 Deconstructing Fires
  44. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/13443_Crushing_Vintage_Without_Power_Nine_The_Manaless_Ichorid_Primer.html Crushing Vintage Without Power Nine: The Manaless Ichorid Primer
  45. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/22801_Picking_Brains_The_Past_Present_And_Future_Of_Zombie_Nation.html Picking Brains – The Past, Present, And Future Of Zombie Nation
  46. http://www.starcitygames.com/magic/vintage/4552_Gardening_In_Vintage_How_To_GroATog_And_Clip_A_Lotus.html Gardening In Vintage: How To Gro-A-Tog And Clip A Lotus
  47. http://magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/latest-developments/ah-yes-very-standard-2012-08-10 Ah Yes. Very Standard.