| Maghera | |
| Type: | parish |
| Translit Lang1: | Irish |
| Translit Lang1 Type: | Derivation: |
| Translit Lang1 Info: | Irish: Machaire Rátha |
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | Meaning: |
| Translit Lang1 Info1: | plain of the fort |
| Pushpin Map: | Northern Ireland |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Maghera shown within Northern Ireland |
| Subdivision Type: | Sovereign state |
| Subdivision Name: | United Kingdom |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Northern Ireland |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Londonderry |
| Subdivision Type3: | Barony |
| Subdivision Name3: | Loughinsholin |
| Parts Type: | Settlements |
| Parts Style: | para |
| P1: | Culnady, Curran, Gulladuff, Maghera, and Upperlands |
Maghera is a parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by the parishes of Ballynascreen, Ballyscullion, Desertmartin, Dungiven, Kilcronaghan, Killelagh, Magherafelt, Tamlaght O'Crilly, and Termoneeny. As a civil parish it lies within the former barony of Loughinsholin and as an ecclesiastical parish it lies within the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and Raphoe.
The name Maghera is derived from the Irish Machaire Rátha meaning "plain of the fort", however this is itself derived from the older name for the parish, Ráth Lúraigh, meaning "Lúrach's fort". One manuscript states that Lúrach was from Ráith, which is given as possibly being an even earlier name for the parish before Lúrach's name was suffixed to it.
Lúrach mac Cuanach is the 6th-century patron of the eccesliastical parish, with the local parish church, St. Lurachs, named after him. Lúrach's family held a degree of political importance in the area, with seven descendants of Lúrach's father Cuanu being kings of Airgíalla. Circumstantial evidence places their center of power at Ráth Lúraigh.
St. Lurach's church was plundered by Vikings in 832 according to the Annals of Ulster, and in 1135 was one of several churches burnt down. The ruins of the medieval church still stand in the town of Maghera in the townland of Largantogher, with the earliest remaining sections dating to the 12th century.
In 1111, the parish of Maghera was incorporated into the diocese of the Cinéal Eoghain, the seat of which was located at Ardstraw. In 1150 however the seat was transferred to Maghera, until 1254 when after complaints of its isolation from the "mainstream of civilisation" it was removed to Derry.
As a result of the Plantation of Ulster, the lands of the parish of Maghera were divided among three of the London livery companies, the Drapers, Mercers, and Vintners. A large portion of land around the modern settlement of Maghera was given over to the Established Church.
The ecclesiastical parish of Maghera consists of 38 townlands, however the civil parish consists of 37, with the townland of Upperland being omitted. Until the 1840s, Maghera ecclesiastical parish consisted of 42 townloads, when the townloads of Beagh Temporal, Culnagrew, Swatragh and Knockoneill were transferred to the neighbouring parish of Killelagh.