Barkam should not be confused with Barkham.
| Barkam | |
| Native Name: | Chinese: 马尔康市 · · Muerkvua shi |
| Other Name: | Ma'erkang |
| Postal Code: | 624000 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Pushpin Map: | Sichuan#China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the seat in Sichuan |
| Pushpin Label: | Barkam |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 250 |
| Seat: | Barkam Town |
| Settlement Type: | County-level city |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Sichuan |
| Subdivision Type2: | Autonomous prefecture |
| Subdivision Name2: | Ngawa |
| Area Code: | 0837 |
| Area Total Km2: | 6639 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 58390 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Coordinates: | 31.9057°N 102.2065°W |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Barkam municipal government |
| Elevation M: | 2615 |
| S: | 马尔康 |
| T: | 馬爾康 |
| P: | Mǎ'ěrkāng |
| Wylie: | 'bar khams |
| Zwpy: | Barkam |
| Lang1 Content: | Muerkvua |
| Order: | st |
Barkam or Markang or Muerkvua is a county-level city in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, in the northwest of Sichuan province, China. The city seat is the town of Barkam.[2] [3] As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Barkam has a population of 58,437.
Barkam comes from the Tibetan "place of strong fire" and, by extension, "place of prosperity".
Historically, Barkam belonged to the Somang Tusi, one of the Gyalrong Tusi. The area was administered as three units: Zhuokeji, Zonggag, and Tamba .
During the Qin dynasty, the area belonged to Jiandi Dao.[4] It belonged to during the Han dynasty. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the area was part of the Jimi system. The area was governed by the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs during the Yuan dynasty. During the reign of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty, the area belonged to the . During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, the area was brought under the control of the . Under the subsequent Jiaqing Emperor, the area was reorganized as the .
During the Republic of China, the area was organized as Lifan County .
In December 1950, officials from nearby Mao County embarked on a mission to establish temporary governing committees in the area of present-day Barkam. The People's Republic of China established control of the area in August 1951. In September 1951, the area was incorporated as the Situ Aba Provisional Military Government Committee . In April 1953, Barkam was organized as the Barkam Office . Barkam was reorganized as a county on April 21, 1956.
In 1957, the areas of Sizhai,, and were moved from Barkam County to nearby Hongyuan County.
In November 2015, the State Council agreed to reorganize Barkam as a county-level city.
On December 18, 2019, the Department of Civil Affairs of Sichuan Province approved the merger of the now-defunct town of into the town of Barkam.[5]
Barkam is located within the southwest portion of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, in northwest Sichuan. The city is located on the southern edge of the . Major rivers that flow through Barkam include the, the Chabao River, and the . Barkam's canyons are densely forested, with major tree genus's including fir, spruce, larch, birch, and oak.[6] Quercus semecarpifolia, a species of oak tree, is present in Barkam.
The forests in the mountains are home to various protected animals such as leopards, Thorold's deer, sika deer, takin, and various birds.
Due to its elevation, Barkam lies in the transition between a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with strong monsoonal influences; winters are frosty and summers warm with frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from NaN°C in December and January to 16.4°C in July, while the annual mean is 8.75°C. Nearly two-thirds of the annual precipitation of 784mm occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 36% in June to 65% in December, the town receives 2,133 hours of bright sunshine annually. Diurnal temperature variation is large, averaging annually.
Barkam administers the following three towns and 10 townships:[7]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Pinyin | Tibetan[8] | Wylie | Qiang | Population (2010 Chinese Census) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||||
| Barkam (Mar'erkang) | Chinese: 马尔康镇 | Bbadh kangw seqea | 30,547 | 513201100 | ||||
(Songgang) | Chinese: 松岗镇 | 2,104 | 513201102 | |||||
(Sha'erzong) | Chinese: 沙尔宗镇 | 2,126 | 513201103 | |||||
| Townships | ||||||||
(Suomo) | Chinese: 梭磨乡 | 2,795 | 513201200 | |||||
(Baiwan) | Chinese: 白湾乡 | 2,990 | 513201201 | |||||
| Tamba Township (Dangba) | Chinese: 党坝乡 | 2,698 | 513201202 | |||||
(Mu'erzong) | Chinese: 木尔宗乡 | 1,359 | 513201203 | |||||
(Jiaomuzu, Jomzhu) | Chinese: 脚木足乡 | 3,302 | 513201204 | |||||
(Long'erjia) | Chinese: 龙尔甲乡 | 1,527 | 513201206 | |||||
(Dazang) | Chinese: 大藏乡 | 1,067 | 513201207 | |||||
(Kangshan) | Chinese: 康山乡 | 1,599 | 513201208 | |||||
(Caodeng) | Chinese: 草登乡 | 2,953 | 513201209 | |||||
(Ribu) | Chinese: 日部乡 | 3,370 | 513201210 | |||||
As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Barkam has a population of 58,437. This represents an increase from the 55,046 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census. Barkam had a population of in 1999.[9] In 1996, Barkam had an estimated population of 54,000.
As of 2016 government figures, 77.41% of Barkam is classified as ethnically Tibetan, while 18.09% is ethnically Han Chinese, 2.97% is ethnically Qiang, 1.20% is ethnically Hui, and the remaining 0.34% belong to other ethnic groups.[10]
The area is traditionally inhabited by a branch of Rgyalrong people who speak the Situ language.[11] hosts a unique dialect of Situ.[12]
As of 2021, Barkam has a gross domestic product (GDP) of about 4.6 billion renminbi (RMB).[13] This represents an approximate 70% increase from 2016. GDP per capita as of 2021 was approximately 78,000 RMB, also a 70% increase from 2016.
Barkam is home to over 1,300 ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine, including many derived from local deer, bears, cattle, fungus, and lilies.
Major historical sites in Barkam include: