Indian Union Muslim League Explained
Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the IUML or Muslim League) is a political party primarily based in Kerala. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[6]
After the Partition of India, the first Council of the Indian segment of the All-India Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[7] The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.
IUML is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the INC-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[8] [9] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament. The party is a part of the INDIA in national level. The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[10]
The party currently has five members in Parliament - E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and Kani K. Navas in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab and Adv. Haris Beeran[11] in the Rajya Sabha - and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
The first Muslim political agency in the region was the Kerala Muslim Majlis formed in 1931. It joined the federal setup of All-India Muslim League later.[12]
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[13] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.[7] The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November 1956.[7]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution. The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha). B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League. The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[14] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[15]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[16] [9] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[9]
Early years
- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[7]
- On 1 September 1951, the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[7]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[17]
From the 1960s to the 80s
With the Congress Party
In the 1990s
From the 2000s
National President of Indian Union Muslim League
Composition
Organizational structure
Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html
Early years (1957 - 1979/80)
| Election | Seats | Vote% | Government/Opposition | Ministers | Sources |
|---|
| Won (Contested) |
|---|
| 1957 | 8 (19)As independents | 4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry)1957 - 59 | [33] |
| 1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0 | Government (Pattom Ministry)1960 - 62- Formally left the coalition in 1961 as an abstaining Opposition.[34]
| Excluded from the Pattom Ministry | [35] |
| Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)1962 - 64 | |
| 1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71 | Inconclusive (no government formed) | |
| 1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75 | Government (Namboodiripad Ministry) 1967 - 69
|
| |
| Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)1969 - 70 |
| [36] |
| 1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7 | Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)1970 - 77 |
| [37] |
| 1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)1977 |
| |
| Government (Antony Ministry)1977 - 78 |
|
| Government (PKV Ministry)1978 - 79 |
|
| Government (Koya Ministry)1979 |
| |
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present)
| Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition | Ministers |
|---|
| Won (Contested) |
|---|
| 1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry)1980 - 81 |
| Government (Karunakaran Ministry)1981 - 82 |
|
| 1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)1982 - 87 |
|
| 1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry)
1987 - 91
|
| 1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1991 - 95
|
|
| Government(Antony Ministry) 1995 - 96
|
|
| 1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19 | Opposition(to Nayanar Ministry) 1996 - 2001
|
| 2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59 | Government(Antony Ministry) 2001 - 2004
|
|
| Government(Chandy Ministry) 2004 - 2006
|
|
| 2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30 | Opposition(to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006 - 11
|
| 2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92 | Government(Chandy Ministry) 2011 - 16
|
|
| 2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40 | Opposition(to Vijayan Ministry) 2016 - 2021
|
| 2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27 | Opposition(to Vijayan Ministry) Incumbent
| |
Current members
Electoral performance
Loksabha election results in Kerala| Election Year | Alliance | Seats contested | Seats won | Total Votes | Percentage of votes | +/- Vote |
|---|
| 2024 | UDF | 2 | | 1,199,839 | 6.07% | 0.59% |
| 2019 | UDF | 2 | | 1,111,697 | 5.48% | 0.94% |
| 2014 | UDF | 2 | | 816,226 | 4.54% | 0.54% |
| 2009 | UDF | 2 | | 813,741 | 5.07% | 0.21% |
| 2004 | UDF | 2 | | 733,228 | 4.86% | 0.44% |
| 1999 | UDF | 2 | | 810,135 | 5.30% | 0.29% |
| 1998 | UDF | 2 | | 745,070 | 5.01% | 0.07% |
| 1996 | UDF | 2 | | 745,070 | 5.08% | 0.06% |
| 1991 | UDF | 2 | | 715,222 | 5.02% | 0.21% |
| 1989 | UDF | 2 | | 780,322 | 5.23% | 0.06% |
| 1984 | UDF | 2 | | 575,754 | 5.29% | 0.27% |
| 1980 | UDF | 2 | | 454,235 | 5.60% | 0.40% |
| 1977 | UDF | 2 | | 533,726 | 6.0% | 0.38% |
| 1971 | LDF | 2 | | 366,702 | 5.62% | 0.98% |
| 1967 | LDF | 2 | | 413,868 | 6.6% | 2.11% |
| 1962 | LDF | 3 | | 248,038 | 4.49% | 2.84% |
| 1957 | | 1 | | 99,777 | 1.65% | New | |
Kerala Legislative Assembly election results| Election Year | Alliance | Seats contested | Seats won | Total Votes | Percentage of votes | +/- Vote |
|---|
| 2021 | UDF | 25 | | 1,723,593 | 8.27% | 0.87% |
| 2016 | UDF | 23 | | 1,496,864 | 7.4% | 0.52% |
| 2011 | UDF | 23 | | 1,383,670 | 7.92% | 0.62% |
| 2006 | UDF | 21 | | 1,135,098 | 7.30% | 0.70% |
| 2001 | UDF | 23 | | 1,259,572 | 8.00% | 0.81% |
| 1996 | UDF | 22 | | 1,025,556 | 7.19% | 0.18% |
| 1991 | UDF | 22 | | 1,044,582 | 7.37% | 0.36% |
| 1987 | UDF | 23 | | 985,011 | 7.73% | 1.56% |
| 1982 | UDF | 18 | | 590,255 | 6.17% | 1.01% |
| 1980 | UDF | 21 | | 684,910 | 7.18% | 0.52% |
| 1977 | UDF | 16 | | 584,642 | 6.66% | 0.90% |
| 1970 | LDF | 20 | | 569,220 | 7.56% | 0.81% |
| 1967 | LDF | 15 | | 424,159 | 6.75% | 2.92% |
| 1965 | | 16 | | 242,529 | 3.83% | 1.13% |
| 1960 | | 12 | | 401,925 | 4.96% | New |
| 1957 | | 19 | | | 4.72% | | |
Members of Parliament
Loksabha
Source: Loksabha
Rajya Sabha
Source: Rajyasabha
Controversies
The party when in control of the local self-government department, issued a circular which legalised marriage for Muslim women between ages of 16 and 18 and Muslim men below age 21.The circular was later amended after backlash.[38]
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[39] [40] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[41] Several IUML leaders are known to make homophobic and transphobic comments.[42] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[43] [44]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[45] [46] [47]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[48] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[49] [50]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.[51] [52] In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.[53] [54]
In July 2023, following the Manipur violence where a woman was paraded naked in public,[55] members of the Muslim League raised anti Hindu slogans in Kanhangad, located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala. The following day, Kerala Police arrested five of those members.[56] [57] [58] Upon criticism over the incident, the State President of IUML Panakkad Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal responded on 28 July, saying no one has the right to hurt the sentiments and faith of others.[59]
See also
Notes and References
- Web site: List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013. Election Commission of India. 9 May 2013. India. 2013. 24 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130124034729/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf. live.
- Web site: Leaderless Anti-CAA Protests Underscore Muslim Political Orphanhood . 4 February 2022 .
- News: Atheist Fundamentalists . The Times of India.
- Web site: A coloured scheme of things.
- Book: Mukherjee. Saxena. Mitra. Pampa. Rekha. Subrata. 16 June 2022. The 2019 Parliamentary Elections in India Democracy at the Crossroads?. Taylor and Francis . 9781000591057. "... the Indian Union Muslim League(IUML) in Kerala,... are all, by and large, centre-right political formations".
- Web site: 31 December 2021. List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification. Election Commission of India.
- Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579-599.
- Web site: 2019-04-06 . Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India . 2019-08-04 . The Indian Express . en-IN.
- James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- Web site: Press Trust of India . 2004-06-19 . E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200607160300/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html. 7 June 2020. 2020-06-07 . Hindustan Times .
- Web site: Jose K Mani, P P Suneer, Haris Beeran elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed .
- News: 2016-02-14 . Indian Union Muslim League looks set now on a conservative course as BJP knocks in Kerala. 2024-07-05 . The Economic Times . en-IN . Thampi . Praveen S. .
- Web site: 2019-04-06 . Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200412001430/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-history-of-muslim-league-in-kerala-and-india-5660839/ . 12 April 2020 . 2019-08-04 . The Indian Express . en-IN.
- Web site: History of Indian Union Muslim League. https://archive.today/20130217225317/http://indianunionmuslimleague.in/history-indian-union-muslim-league-iuml#selection-199.0-199.37. dead. 2013-02-17. Indian Union Muslim League (website).
- Web site: Ameerudheen. T. A.. 2017-05-21. Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612061603/https://scroll.in/article/832220/will-the-muslim-leagues-decision-to-go-national-affect-asaduddin-owaisi-plans-for-his-party. 2020-06-12. Scroll.
- News: Menon. Girish. 2016-03-22. How the Muslim League is at peace with itself. The Hindu. Trivandrum. 13 June 2020. 13 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054805/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/kerala2016/kerala-assembly-polls-how-the-muslim-league-is-at-peace-with-itself/article8381995.ece. live.
- Web site: 2007. SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Kerala Legislative Assembly. Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature. Trivandrum. 14 October 2021. 8 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608071039/http://niyamasabha.org/codes/Speakers%20%26%20Deputy%20Speakers%20Book%20Final.pdf. live.
- Wright. 1948-06-23. Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?. Asian Survey. en. 17. 12. 1207–1220. 10.2307/2643422. 2643422. 0004-4687. 13 June 2020. 13 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613063204/https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/17/12/1207/21233/Muslims-and-the-1977-Indian-Elections-A-Watershed. live.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20051219145038/http://www.keralacm.gov.in/mohammed.html Chief Minister of Kerala (Official Website)
- Web site: Radhakrishnan. M. G.. 2019-04-19. Revenge of the Dead Horse. https://web.archive.org/web/20200615084904/https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/column/godaykku-pinnil-election-analysis-mg-radhakrishnan-on-muslim-league-ppn7te. dead. 2020-06-15. Asianet News. Trivandrum.
- News: Pillai. Sreedhar. 1985-08-31. Indian Union Muslim League and All India Muslim League merge in Kerala. India Today. Kerala. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613062836/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850831-indian-union-muslim-league-and-all-india-muslim-league-merge-in-kerala-801918-2014-01-03. dead. 2020-06-13.
- News: IANS. 2009-08-02. Kerala mourns passing away of Panakkad Thangal. Gulf News. Malappuram. 12 June 2020. 12 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612131843/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/kerala-mourns-passing-away-of-panakkad-thangal-1.533879. live.
- Web site: Nair. Preetha. 2019-04-19. A Coloured Scheme of Things. https://web.archive.org/web/20200617102953/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-a-coloured-scheme-of-things/301479. dead. 2020-06-17. Outlook.
- News: Madampat. Shajahan. 2019-04-11. The importance of IUML. The Indian Express. live. 2020-06-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612120000/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/indian-union-muslim-league-yogi-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-elections-2019-5669399/. 2020-06-12.
- Web site: University at a Glance.
- Web site: Naha. Abdul Latheef. 2014-03-25. Muslim votes not a monolithic bloc. https://web.archive.org/web/20200606110048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/muslim-votes-not-a-monolithic-bloc/article5829659.ece. dead. 2020-06-06. 2020-06-06. The Hindu. Malappuram.
- Web site: 2004-06-19 . E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200607160300/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/e-ahamed-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs/story-iGMKx2dOdWfDPocowq9ltI.html . 2020-06-07 . 2020-06-07 . Hindustan Times . Press Trust of India.
- Web site: K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President. India Today. 26 February 2017 . en. 2018-09-16. 16 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164353/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/k-m-khader-mohideen-is-iuml-national-president-881941-2017-02-26. live.
- News: P K Kunhalikutty is IUML national general secretary. The Times of India. 2018-09-16. 22 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180922205442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/p-k-kunhalikutty-is-iuml-national-general-secretary/articleshow/57366495.cms. live.
- Web site: Indian Union Muslim League national committee members. iuml.com. 2019-01-26. 25 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190125222513/http://iuml.com/committees.html. live.
- Web site: Kerala: Ousted Haritha leaders given top posts in Muslim Youth League . May 2024 .
- Web site: 19 March 2021 . Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210517170423/https://www.madhyamam.com/india/faisal-babu-is-the-all-india-general-secretary-of-youth-league-778235 . 17 May 2021 . 20 May 2021.
- Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- News: Malhotra. Inder. The eternal Kerala pattern. The Indian Express. https://web.archive.org/web/20200624092541/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-eternal-kerala-pattern/677686/0. dead. 2020-06-24.
- Book: Nossiter, Thomas Johnson. Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. University of California Press. 1982. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 5–6.
- News: Kartha. G. S.. 1977-05-15. Kerala seems to be drifting towards instability. India Today. https://web.archive.org/web/20200615103002/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770515-kerala-seems-to-be-drifting-towards-instability-823683-2014-08-11. dead. 2020-06-15.
- News: Gulf money fueling Muslim extremism in Kerala;IUML grows more militant to take on other radical islamist parties. 2013-07-03. 2024-07-05 . The Economic Times . P . Ullekh N. .
- Web site: Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees . 2022-06-21 . The New Indian Express. 5 October 2018 .
- Web site: 2022-01-18 . Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer . 2022-06-21 . outlookindia.com . en.
- News: Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture . Times of India . live . 15 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211014050122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/indian-union-muslim-league-opposes-sc-verdict-says-it-is-against-indian-culture/articleshow/65712288.cms . 14 October 2021.
- News: IUML leader MK Muneer makes hate comment on Kerala trans man who gave birth. The News Minute.
- News: Circular to legalise earlier marriages . New Indian Express . live . 15 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043155/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/jun/23/Circular-to-legalise-earlier-marriages-489648.html . 16 June 2021.
- Web site: IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women . 2022-06-21 . OnManorama.
- News: Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum. Hindustan Times.
- News: Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative. Deccan Herald.
- News: IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans. Manorama online.
- Web site: Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence . 2022-06-21 . OnManorama.
- News: Sadiqali has his work cut out . The Hindu .
- Web site: Analysis Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy . 2022-06-21 . OnManorama.
- Web site: Young women lead churn within Muslim League . 2022-06-21 . The New Indian Express. 17 September 2021 .
- Web site: 'Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML . 2022-06-21 . OnManorama.
- Web site: Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel . 2022-06-21 . The New Indian Express. 12 October 2021 .
- Web site: Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics . 2022-06-21 . The New Indian Express. 29 September 2021 .
- Web site: 2023-07-31 . Women Paraded Naked in Manipur Video Move SC Seeking SIT Probe . 2023-07-31 . News18 . en.
- Web site: Bureau . ABP News . 2023-07-27 . 5 Arrested For 'Provocative' Sloganeering During IUML Youth Rally In Kerala . 2023-07-31 . news.abplive.com . en.
- Web site: Service . Statesman News . 2023-07-27 . 5 of IUML youth-wing held in Kerala for provocative slogans . 2023-07-31 . The Statesman . en.
- Web site: 2023-07-26 . Over 300 Muslim League members booked for inflammatory 'anti-Hindu' slogans at Kerala rally . 2024-07-01 . Financialexpress . en.
- Web site: Gilveser Assary . Deccan Chronicle . July 28, 2023 . Don't hurt sentiments and faith of others, cautions IUML chief Thangal .
