Our Lady of the Rosary explained

Our Lady of the Rosary
Titles:Our Lady of Victory, Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary
Feast Day:7 October
Major Shrine:Our Lady of Victory Basilica,
Basilica of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris
Attributes:Blessed Virgin Mary, Infant Jesus, crown, rosary
Patronage:Rosary, Roman Catholic Diocese of Malaga, Toledo, Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, Cavite, Roman Catholic Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Santos, Melilla, Trujillo, Cáceres, Colombia, Manizales, Puyo, Pastaza, North Carolina, Bohol, Guatemala, Surigao del Norte, Manila, Quezon City, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, West Virginia, Seseña, Ontígola, Olías del Rey, Montearagón, Toledo, Lagartera, Huerta de Valdecarábanos, Brenes, Palma Cuata, Zacatecas Lima, Peru
Venerated In:Roman Catholic Church
Antiochian Orthodox Church[1]
Tradition:Marian apparition

Our Lady of the Rosary (Latin: Beatae Mariae Virginis a Rosario), also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a Marian title.The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Feast of Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary is celebrated on 7 October in the General Roman Calendar. 7 October is the anniversary of the decisive victory of the combined fleet of the Holy League of 1571 over the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto.

In the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the feast is celebrated on 7 October, under the title The Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[2]

Our Lady of the Rosary

According to Dominican tradition, in 1206, Dominic de Guzmán was at the Monastery of Our Lady of Prouille, in France, attempting to convert the Albigensians back to the Catholic faith. The young priest had little success until one day he received a vision of the Blessed Virgin, who gave him the rosary as a tool against heretics.[3]

The story of Dominic's vision was fabricated by Alanus de Rupe and it was based on the imaginary testimony of writers that never existed. This traditional origin for the Rosary was generally accepted until the 15th century, when the Bollandists concluded that the account originated with Alanus, two hundred years after Dominic's death.[4]

Our Lady of Victory

Mary had been honored in the West under the title "Our Lady of Victory" from at least the thirteenth century. Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester built the first shrine dedicated to Our Lady of Victory in thanks for the Catholic victory over the Albigensians at the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213.[5] In thanksgiving for victory at the Battle of Bouvines in July 1214, Philip Augustus of France founded the Abbey of Notre Dame de la Victoire, between Senlis and Mont l'Evêque.[6]

In the East, the title "Our Lady of Victory" is even older. The feast of Our Lady of Victory, on February 25, commemorates the deliverance of the city of Constantinople "from the siege of the Saracens by the aid of the Blessed Virgin, A.D. 621."[7]

Feast day

Background

In 1571, Pope Pius V organized a coalition of forces from Spain and smaller Christian kingdoms, republics and military orders, to rescue Christian outposts in Cyprus, particularly the Venetian outpost at Famagusta which, however, surrendered after a long siege on 1 August before the Christian forces set sail. On 7 October 1571, the Holy League, a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states, sailed from Messina, Sicily, and met a powerful Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Lepanto. Knowing that the Christian forces were at a distinct material disadvantage, Pope Pius V called for all of Europe to pray the Rosary for victory,[8] [9] and led a rosary procession in Rome.[5] Pius V instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory in order to commemorate the victory at Lepanto, which he attributed to the Blessed Virgin Mary.[5]

After about five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece, the combined navies of the Papal States, Venice and Spain managed to stop the Ottoman navy, slowing the Ottoman advance to the west and denying them access to the Atlantic Ocean and the Americas. If the Ottomans had won, there was a real possibility that an invasion of Italy could have followed so that the Ottoman sultan, already claiming to be emperor of the Romans, would have been in possession of both New and Old Rome.[10] Combined with the unfolding events in Morocco where the Sa'adids successfully spurned the Ottoman advances, it confined Turkish naval power to the eastern Mediterranean. Although the Ottoman Empire was able to build more ships, it never fully recovered from the loss of trained sailors and marines, and was never again the Mediterranean naval power it had become the century before when Constantinople fell.[11]

In 1573, Pope Gregory XIII changed the name of the feast to Feast of the Holy Rosary, to be celebrated on the first Sunday of October.[12] The Dominican friar Juan Lopez in his 1584 book on the rosary states that the feast of the rosary was offered "in memory and in perpetual gratitude of the miraculous victory that the Lord gave to his Christian people that day against the Turkish armada".[13]

In 1671 the observance of this festival was extended by Clement X to the whole of Spain, and somewhat later Clement XI, after the victory over the Turks gained by Prince Eugene in the Battle of Petrovaradin on 5 August 1716 (the feast of Our Lady of the Snows), commanded the feast of the Rosary to be celebrated by the universal church.[14]

Leo XIII raised the feast to the rank of a double of the second class and added to the Litany of Loreto the invocation "Queen of the Most Holy Rosary". On this feast, in every church in which the Rosary confraternity has been duly erected, a plenary indulgence toties quoties is granted upon certain conditions to all who visit therein the Rosary chapel or statue of Our Lady. This has been called the "Portiuncula" of the Rosary.

Pius X in 1913 changed the date to 7 October, as part of his effort to restore celebration of the liturgy of the Sundays. In 1960 under Pope John XXIII it is listed under the title Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Rosary; and under the 1969 liturgical reforms of Pope Paul VI Our Lady of the Rosary is mentioned as a mandatory memorial.[15]

Patronage

Our Lady of the Rosary is the patron saint of several places around the world. The Diocese of Malaga, Spain (which, however celebrates her patronage on September 8), and the Spanish cities of Melilla and Trujillo celebrate Our Lady of Victory as their patroness.

María del Rosario is a common female Spanish name (colloquially abbreviated to Rosario or Charo). Rosario can also be used as a male first name, particularly in Italian.

Churches dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary

Churches named for Our Lady of Victory

Although the title Our Lady of Victory has been superseded to some extent by that of Our Lady of the Rosary, the former is still in popular use at a number of parishes and schools.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. 7 October, Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate. https://www.orthodoxwest.com/kalendar
  2. 7 October, Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate. https://www.orthodoxwest.com/kalendar
  3. Web site: "Promoters of the Rosary", Dominican Sisters of St. Cecelia . 2013-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150416012030/http://nashvilledominican.org/prayer/our_lady/Promoters_of_the_Rosary . 2015-04-16 . dead .
  4. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13184b.htm The Rosary
  5. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13189a.htm Thurston, Herbert. "Feast of the Holy Rosary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 2 May 2013
  6. Auguste Morel, De Paris à Cologne, à Bruxelles, à Senlis, à Laon... itinéraire descriptif et historique, Libr. de L. Hachette et Cie., 1864, p. 280
  7. Mathieu Orsini,The History of the Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, p. 286
  8. Chesterton, Gilbert.Lepanto, Ignatius Press, 2004,
  9. Butler's Lives Of The Saints (April) by Alban Butler (1999) page 222
  10. https://web.archive.org/web/20140629075650/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-179159319.html Melleuish, Gregory. "The significance of Lepanto", Quadrant, April 1, 2008
  11. http://historyofislam.com/contents/the-land-empires-of-asia/lepanto-the-battle-of/ Ahmed Nazeer. "Lepanto, the Battle of", History of Islam
  12. https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/o/our-lady-of-victory.php Roten S.M., Johann. "Our Lady of Victory", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
  13. Libro en que se tratea de la importancia y exercicio del santo rosario, Zaragoza: Domingo Portonariis y Ursino (1584), cited after Lorenzo F. Candelaria, The Rosary Cantoral: Ritual and Social Design in a Chantbook from Early Renaissance Toledo, University Rochester Press (2008), p. 109.
  14. http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1161 Leonard Foley, OFM Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast
  15. https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/o/our-lady-of-the-rosary-origins.php Roten S.M., Johann. "Our Lady of the Rosary, Origins", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
  16. Book: Philadelphia Museum of Art. Bulletin - Philadelphia Museum of Art. 1908. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 9 February 2017. en.
  17. Book: Octava maravilla del Nuevo Mundo en la gran Capilla del Rosario dedicada y aplaudida en el Convento de N.P.S. Domingo de la Ciudad de los Angeles el día 16 del mes de abril de 1690 al illusmo. y revmo señor D.D. Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Obispo de la Puebla, del Consejo de su Majestad.. Eighth wonder of the New World in the great Chapel of the Rosary dedicated and applauded in the Convent of N.P.S. Sunday of the City of Los Angeles on April 16, 1690, to the most illustrious. and reverend Mr. D.D. Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Bishop of the Puebla, of the Council of His Majesty.. Imprenta Platiniana de Diego Fernández de León. 1690. 970590076.
  18. Web site: Cúpula de la Capilla del Rosario, vista general. Dome of the Chapel of the Rosario, general view. es. Multimedia library of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
  19. http://www.duluthcathedral.com/ Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, Duluth, Minnesota
  20. http://www.sbdiocese.org/parishes/history.cfm?id=17279 Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, San Bernardino, California
  21. http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/OurLadyRosary.html Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, New York City
  22. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/33982/a-marian-apparition-has-been-approved-in-argentina-and-its-a-big-deal Marian apparition has been approved in Argentina
  23. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/raipur/asias-2nd-largest-church-all-decked-up-for-xmas-bash/articleshow/56168068.cms Asia's second largest church all decked-up for X'mas bash - Times of India
  24. Diocese of Westminster, New Rosary Shrine Inaugurated, published 28 October 2016, accessed 7 June 2022
  25. https://olr.church/ Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church
  26. Web site: Team . Editorial . 2024-01-02 . Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Church in Estancia, Iloilo . 2024-07-21 . THEOLDCHURCHES . en-US.
  27. http://eymardianplaces.com/paris/notre-dame-des-victoires/ "Notre-Dame de Victoires", Eymardian Places
  28. http://www.ourladyofvictory.org/ Our Lady of Victory National Shrine and Basilica
  29. http://www.olvcathedral.org/component/option,com_frontpage/Itemid,30/ Our Lady of Victory Cathedral
  30. http://www.wscya.org/olov/index.htm Our Lady of Victory Church, Manhattan
  31. http://www.stkate.edu/pages/ministry/chapel.php "Our Lady of Victory Chapel", St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota
  32. Web site: Historic St Mary of Victories Hungarian Catholic Church. smov.info. 2015-10-13.
  33. Web site: Azevedo . Esterzilda Berenstein . Chapel of Our Lady of Victory . Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa . 2012 . Lisbon, Portugal . 2019-07-10.
  34. https://www.parishph.com/2022/07/our-lady-of-victory-parish-victorias-city.html "Our Lady of Victory Parish - Victorias City, Negros Occidental"

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